2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

Unit 5Meeting your ancestors【短文語法填空】We want everyone to respect us.Do we respect everyone around us? The answer is a big NO! We dont respect _1_we think is better than us, we dont respect poor and old people, and we dont respect who we feel is less better _2_ us.So how can we win respect? The easiest way _3_ (gain) respect is by giving respect.Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible.Dont use bad language.Being _4_ (help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and _5_ (win) respect as well.With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue.Flowers are the main _6_ (attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.Life is terrible _7_ respect.Just think whenever you go to a party, everyone there is not treated equally.Do you know why? Because of _8_ (they) manners.Why are we not treated sometimes as _9_ (expect)? Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us.Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect.Without respect, you cant live.You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family.A respected person _10_ (speak) politely.1who空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，且主語是人，we think是插入語，不影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)填who。2than根據(jù)空前的better可知，此處為比較級，故應(yīng)填介詞than。3to gain此處為不定式作后置定語，修飾名詞way，故填to gain。4helpful由Being可知，此處應(yīng)填一個形容詞，故填helpful。5winning介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故此處用winning作介詞of的賓語。6attraction根據(jù)空前的the main和空后的of可推知，此處應(yīng)填一個名詞，故填attraction。7without根據(jù)上文的“respect is the beauty of life”可推知，沒有尊重的生活是可怕的，故用介詞without，后跟名詞respect，表示“沒有尊重”。8their此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞manners，在句子中作定語。9expectedas expected為固定搭配，意為“正如期望的那樣”。10speaks全文主體時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故此處也用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語A respected person為第三人稱單數(shù)意義，故用speaks。一高考單詞識記思考運(yùn)用1核心詞匯interrupt vt.& vi.打斷講話；打岔assume vt.假定；設(shè)想assumption n假定；假設(shè)arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n逮捕；拘留starvation n挨餓；餓死starve vi.挨餓；餓死accuracy n精確；準(zhǔn)確accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的messy adj.凌亂的；臟的mess n凌亂；臟analysis n分析analyses pl.analyse vt.分析significance n意義；重要性 significant adj.重要的division n分割；分配；分界線 divide v分割；劃分；分配sharp adj.尖的；鋒利的sharpen vt.(使)鋒利；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具2?？荚~匯alternative n可能的選擇adj.供選擇的；其他的delete vt.刪；刪除accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促進(jìn)category n種類；類別；范疇academy n學(xué)院；學(xué)會用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1A puter analysis (analyse) blindly pared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.(2017江蘇卷)2The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical (天文的；極大的) incidents.But alternative (alternative) explanations are hard to find.(2017江蘇卷)3Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is_not_interrupted (not interrupt) too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.(2016全國卷)4But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation (starve) in the wild.(2016全國卷)5Our Standard Course guarantees a significant (significance) increase in your confidence in a foreign language，with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas.(2016天津卷)6The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me scratching (scratch) her back，and I got an idea.(2015四川卷)7You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need to check the accuracy(accurate) of it.(2015湖南卷)8In colonies (群體) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division (divide) of labor.(2015安徽卷)cy名詞后綴(表示“的性質(zhì)；的狀態(tài)”)高頻詞速記accuracy 正確，準(zhǔn)確(度)；精確efficiency 效率；效能emergency 緊急情況fluency 流暢，流利frequency 屢次，頻率，頻繁privacy 隱退，隱避，隱居tendency 傾向，趨勢情感態(tài)度族群relief 解除，減輕relieve 使脫離，解脫relax 放松relaxed 放松的mood 心情hesitate 猶豫exhausting 使筋疲力盡的guilty 有罪的，犯了錯誤的calm 平靜的，使平靜envy 羨慕，忌妒jealous 妒忌的，吃醋的sympathy 同情take it easy 不要緊張condemn 相關(guān)詞薈萃condemn vt.譴責(zé)accuse/charge vt.起訴scold vt.責(zé)罵criticize vt.批評punish vt.懲罰“fort”家族fort n舒適fortable adj.舒適的fortably adv.舒適地unfortable adj.不舒服的unfortably adv.不舒服地fortune 相關(guān)詞一覽(1)fortune n運(yùn)氣fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地unfortunate adj.不幸的unfortunately adv.不幸地(2)luck n運(yùn)氣lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地unlucky adj.不幸的unluckily adv.不幸地【完形填空】When my sister Diane began playing the violin，she was seven.How did she sound？Terrible.But she didnt _1_.At twelve，she asked our parents if she could _2_ a fulltime music school.They said no.Actually，everyone agreed that my sister_3_ talent.I was better at my _4_.My teacher had told my parents that I had great_5_.So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to _6_ me.But the only time he was _7_ was Saturday afternoons at 3 pm. Back then，I was _8_ about the British TV show“The Avengers”，which was_9_ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my “The Avengers”hour.So I _10_ this amazing opportunity.Today，I dont even have a_11_ in my house.My sister became an engineer，but she _12_ stopped making music.When she was in her 40s，she switched her _13_.She went back to college，got a(n)_14_ in music education，and became a music teacher.She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never _15_.Recently，she and a pianist pal put on a recital.A big crowd of friends and family _16_ for her.As she played，I looked around at the _17_.Everyone was _18_ enjoying the music.It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7yearold kid making those perfectly_19_ sounds and knew how far she had e，despite_20_.Talent is important.But enthusiasm is even more important.1A.advanceBquitCreflect Dlisten2A.inspect BopenCattend Dvisit3A.lacked BspottedCpossessed Dadmired4A.major BprojectCposition Dinstrument5A.patience BenthusiasmCpotential Dambition6A.train BexamineCcorrect Dchallenge7A.punctual BskillfulCoccupied Davailable8A.sensitive BcrazyCserious Dparticular9A.filmed BdesignedCaired Dmented10A.jumped at Bturned downCwaited for Dopened up11A.tutor BviolinCmusician Dpiano12A.never BonceCalready Deven13A.attitude BcareerCplan Dposition14A.scholarship BsponsorCdegree Dassistant15A.provided BimaginedCreceived Dexpected16A.voted BfearedCstayed up Dturned up17A.students BaudienceCspotlights Dplatform18A.obviously BdesperatelyCappropriately Danxiously19A.booming BpleasingCawful Dpowerful20A.everything BsomethingCeverybody Dsomebody【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，通過講述妹妹追求夢想的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：天賦很重要，但更重要的是熱情。1B根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；結(jié)合本句的“But”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義可知，但她沒有放棄(quit)。2C根據(jù)上文可知，盡管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放棄；據(jù)此可以判斷，本句句意為：在十二歲時，她問父母她是否可以去全日制的音樂學(xué)校上學(xué)。attend school為固定搭配，意為“上學(xué)”。3A根據(jù)上文的“They said no”和父母沒有答應(yīng)讓她去全日制音樂學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)可以判斷，每個人都認(rèn)為“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天賦，故A項(xiàng)正確。4D根據(jù)本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋熃獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，與妹妹相比，“我”更擅長“我”的樂器。5C根據(jù)下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當(dāng)?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋焷斫獭拔摇睂W(xué)鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，老師告訴父母說“我”很有潛能(potential)。A項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，B項(xiàng)意為“熱情”，D項(xiàng)意為“抱負(fù)”，都與語境不符。6A參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“培訓(xùn)，教育”；B項(xiàng)意為“檢查”；C項(xiàng)意為“改正”；D項(xiàng)意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。7D根據(jù)語境可知，鋼琴老師只有每周六下午三點(diǎn)有空。D項(xiàng)意為“有空的”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時的”，B項(xiàng)意為“技術(shù)好的”，C項(xiàng)意為“使用中”，都與語境不符。8B根據(jù)本句中的“about the British TV show”可判斷，“我”熱衷于一檔英國電視節(jié)目。be crazy about為固定搭配，意為“熱衷于”，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“敏感的”，C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)肅的”，D項(xiàng)意為“特別的，尤其的”，都與語境不符。9C根據(jù)該句中的“every Saturday at 3 pm.”可知，這檔英國電視節(jié)目在每周六的下午三點(diǎn)播放。air在本句中意為“播出，播送”，屬于熟詞生義，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“拍電影”，B項(xiàng)意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，D項(xiàng)意為“評論”。10B根據(jù)上文的“I let nothing take up myThe Avengers hour”可知，“我”不讓任何事情占用“我”看這檔節(jié)目的時間，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”拒絕了這一機(jī)會。B項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迫不及待地接受”，C項(xiàng)意為“等待，等候”，D項(xiàng)意為“打開；開發(fā)；展示”，都與語境不符。11D根據(jù)本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判斷，由于“我”拒絕了學(xué)鋼琴，所以現(xiàn)在家里甚至一臺鋼琴也沒有，故D項(xiàng)正確。12A根據(jù)空后兩句可知，“我”妹妹在四十幾歲時上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂；據(jù)此可知，盡管“我”妹妹成了一名工程師，但是她從未(never)停止對音樂的追求，故A項(xiàng)正確。13B根據(jù)下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十幾歲時，她改變了職業(yè)(career)，從工程師成為一名音樂老師，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，C項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，D項(xiàng)意為“地位；職位”，都與語境不符。14C根據(jù)句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)音樂，并取得了音樂教育的學(xué)位(degree)，成了一名音樂老師。A項(xiàng)意為“獎學(xué)金”，B項(xiàng)意為“贊助人”，D項(xiàng)意為“助手”，都與語境不符。15C根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父母認(rèn)為妹妹沒有音樂天賦，拒絕了妹妹上全日制音樂學(xué)校的請求，據(jù)此可以判斷，妹妹做音樂老師時，給了孩子們她未曾得到(received)的鼓勵和支持。A項(xiàng)意為“提供”，B項(xiàng)意為“想象”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語境不符。16D根據(jù)上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位鋼琴家舉辦了一場演奏會；據(jù)此可以判斷，朋友和家人們都到場了。A項(xiàng)意為“投票”，B項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，C項(xiàng)意為“熬夜”，D項(xiàng)意為“到達(dá)，露面”。17B根據(jù)下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂；據(jù)此可知，“我”環(huán)顧了四周的觀眾(audience)，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)生”，C項(xiàng)意為“聚光燈”，D項(xiàng)意為“平臺，講臺”。18A根據(jù)本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很顯然(obviously)，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂。B項(xiàng)意為“極其”，C項(xiàng)意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍?，D項(xiàng)意為“焦虛的；擔(dān)心的；著急地”，都與語境不符。19C根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound? Terrible”可知，七歲時，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“迅速發(fā)展的”，B項(xiàng)意為“令人愉快的”，D項(xiàng)意為“有力量的”，都與語境不符。20A根據(jù)本句中的“and knew how far she had e, despite”并結(jié)合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七歲時演奏小提琴的糟糕的聲音，只有“我”知道她不顧一切(everything)走了多遠(yuǎn)。二重點(diǎn)短語識記思考運(yùn)用1動詞短語cut up 切碎look ahead 向前看；為將來打算date back to 追溯到keep out 關(guān)在門外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)be fed up with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩be aware of 知道2其他形式regardless of 不管；不顧at most 至多；最多用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1Regardless_of your choice of course，youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.(2016天津卷)2I wouldnt like to work together with him，I am_fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.3Whenever we are in trouble，we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves.4Chinese currency can date_back_to two thousand years ago. 5Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot.with名詞“地”速記with relief 放心地with caution 小心地with certainty 確切地with courage 勇敢地with confidence 自信地“厭煩，討厭”一族速記be tired of 厭煩于be bored of 厭倦于be sick of 討厭disgust 使厭煩annoying 厭煩的troublesome 厭煩的“beadj.to”結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)be superior to 比優(yōu)越/年長be senior to.比年長/資歷深be junior to.比年輕/資歷淺be inferior to.次于；不如be similar to 與相似be familiar to 為所熟悉三佳句選粹在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.很對。正如植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果已經(jīng)告訴我們的，這兒四周曾是一個很大淺水湖的一部分。句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，意為“正如”。正如古訓(xùn)所說“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”?！癥ou cant judge a book by its cover，”as_the_old_saying_goes.2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！此句用了虛擬語氣。if only.意為“要是就好了”。今年春節(jié)全家能團(tuán)圓就好了！If_only_the_whole_family_could_be_united during the Spring Festival this year！3.Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.她突然坐了下來，結(jié)果被愛吵鬧的妹妹露娜一把抱了起來。only to do sth.“不料；結(jié)果”，動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料不到的情況。他匆匆忙忙地趕往劇院，結(jié)果被告知票已賣完。He hurried to the theatre，only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.【短文改錯】Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.He always smile politely at me, make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more，honest is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is the caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have in trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him.【答案】Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is he has a very warm personality.He always politely at me， me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more， is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really .He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and .I really like him.第一處：areis?？疾橹髦^一致。whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞是代詞“one”，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。第二處：becausethat?？疾槊~性從句。主語為名詞reason，表語從句中的連接詞要用that。第三處：smilesmiles?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。由后文“which makes me”可知，主句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。第四處：makemaking?？疾榉侵^語動詞。make與前面的謂語動詞之間無連詞，故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。第五處：honesthonesty?？疾槊~。形容詞不能作主語，應(yīng)該用名詞。第六處：lies后加to。考查固定用法。lie to sb.意為“對某人說謊”。第七處：thea?？疾楣谠~。此處表示他是一個熱心并且有同情心的人，表示泛指，應(yīng)該用不定冠詞。第八處：刪除in?？疾榻樵~。句意：無論何時我有困難，他都愿意幫助我。have trouble意為“有困難”，in多余。第九處：excellentlyexcellent。考查形容詞。作is的表語應(yīng)該用形容詞。第十處：himme?？疾榇~。Petou能幫助別人也能幫助我。