2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 3 A taste of English humour（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Unit 3　A taste of English humour 【短文語法填空】 As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have bee a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is mitted to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive. Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in. Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖漿). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art. 【文章大意】本文是記敘文，講述38歲的李健忠回到老家繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化，學(xué)習(xí)制作糖畫的故事，文章還說明了糖畫的制作。 1.distant 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎椕~memory，形容詞修飾名詞作定語，故填distant。 2.keeping 3.the 【解析】考査冠詞。上文提到他做過十多年礦工，故此處表示他所在的礦井關(guān)閉以后，為特指，故填the。 4.to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)而去做房屋裝修的工作了。 turn to“轉(zhuǎn)而做，轉(zhuǎn)向”是固定詞組。故填 to。 5.was forced 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：直到他因為手指受傷而被迫放棄。此處講述過去的事情，故用一般過去時，句子的主語和force之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且主語和是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was forced。 6.himself 【解析】考查代詞。句意：由于他的村子里沒有糖畫手藝人，因此他自學(xué)制作糖畫。by oneself固定用法，表示“獨自地，全靠自己地”，故填himself。 7.variety 【解析】 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他很快掌握了這項技術(shù)并能制作出各種各樣的糖畫。a variety of“各種各樣”是固定短語，故填variety。 8.melted 9.normally 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：手藝人們通常用糖漿在石板上畫動物和花。修飾謂語動詞用副詞作狀語，故填normally。 10.what 【解析】考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“所……的東西”，what引導(dǎo)主語從句，作主語、賓語或者表語。故填what。 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①overe vt.&vi.戰(zhàn)勝；克服 ②content adj.滿足的；滿意的n.滿足；內(nèi)容vt.使?jié)M足 ③slide vt.&vi.(使)滑動；(使)滑行n.滑；滑動；幻燈片 ④whisper n. 耳語；低語vt.&vi.低語；小聲說 ⑤entertain vt.&vi.使歡樂；款待 entertainment n．娛樂；款待 ⑥convince vt.使信服 convincing adj.令人信服的 convinced adj. 相信的 ⑦direct vt.&vi.導(dǎo)演；指示；指揮；adj.直的；直接的；真率的director n．導(dǎo)演 ⑧react vi.作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng) reaction n．回應(yīng) ⑨amuse vt.使發(fā)笑；使愉快 amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的 amused adj.感覺好笑的 amusement n．娛樂；樂趣 2．?？荚~匯 ①chew vt.&vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼食物 ②outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；顯著的 ③throughout prep. 遍及；貫穿 adv. 到處；始終；全部 ④occasion n. 時刻；場合 ⑤gesture n. 手勢；姿態(tài) vi. 做手勢 ⑥astonish vt. 使驚詫 astonishing adj. 令人感到驚訝的 astonished adj. 吃驚的 ⑦fortunate adj. 幸運的；吉利的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 ⑧particular adj. 特殊的；特別的 n. 細(xì)節(jié)；細(xì)目 particularly adv. 特殊地；特別地 ⑨explanation n. 解釋；講解；說明 explain vt. 解釋 ⑩failure n. 失敗者；fail v. 失敗 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Unfortunately (fortunate), that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.(2017北京卷) 2．There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content (content) and less salt.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions (react) slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 4．Were it not for the support of the teachers，the student could_not_overe (overe) her difficulty.(2017江蘇卷) 5．A quick review of successes and failures (fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.(2017江蘇卷) 6．What brought about this astonishing (astonish) change in me？(2016浙江卷) 7．Failure (fail) is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has.(2016天津卷) 8．Vaillant’s words serve as an explanation (explain) why some boys grew into happy men.(2016天津卷) 9．During my first quarter，I spoke directly (direct) to the Chancellor，asking him for support.(2016浙江卷) 10．This function of the Internet is particularly (particular) striking when I’m writing.(2016江蘇卷) ?“滿足，滿意”家族 ①content adj.滿足的；滿意的n.滿足vt.使?jié)M足 ②satisfy vt.使?jié)M意，滿足； satisfaction n．滿意；滿足 ③please v．(使……)高興，(使……)滿意；pleased adj.高興的，滿意的 ④happy adj.感到滿意的 ⑤meet vt.滿足 ?后綴-tion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞 ①explanation 解釋，說明 ②admiration 欽佩，贊美 ③conservation 保存，保護(hù) ④creation 創(chuàng)造 ⑤description 描寫，描述 ⑥education 教育 ⑦expectation 預(yù)期，期待 ⑧exploration 探索 ⑨examination 檢查，細(xì)查，考試 ⑩graduation 畢業(yè) ?詞形相近詞對比記憶 ①content n．內(nèi)容；context n．上下文 ②march n．前進(jìn)；match n．比賽 ③affect v．影響；effect n．影響，效果 ④sweat n．汗水；sweet adj.甜的 ⑤monkey n．猴子；donkey n．驢 ⑥expand v．?dāng)U張；expend v．花費 ⑦steal v．偷；steel n．鋼 ⑧adapt v．適應(yīng)；adopt v．收養(yǎng) 【完形填空】 Something quite tragic(悲劇的)happened in our home.It had a __1__ effect on our lives.It __2__ the way we relax and even where we sit.There was no fire or flood...we __3__ our WiFi service，for over a week. I was raised in the preWiFi era，so I was relatively __4__ to the situation.My children，__5__，did not have this training.When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house，their first __6__ was：“But，what will we do？”Fortunately，the TV still worked，although the children were __7__ to find that it had only 70＋ channels. For the children，a(n) __8__ challenge was homework，most of which is now given online.The lack of broadband seemed to provide a new __9__ of “the dog ate my homework”excuse.My daughter __10__ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily __11__ due to a leak，but she thought that our lack of WiFi was __12__.“Because you can go to the shop and buy water，right？” My husband and I need the Internet to __13__ us to work at home.Luckily，Ive found out that these days you can go to the shop to __14__ WiFi.Although expensive，it allows you to set up your own WiFi network __15__.Buying 1 GB of data makes you view your broadband differently.I dont want to __16__ it like leaving a tap running.We log on to the WiFi network and do what we have to do as __17__ as possible and log off. The changes that __18__ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really __19__.The __20__ part of our time without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years. 1．A.possible B．modest C．positive D．huge 2．A.explored B．challenged C．improved D．guaranteed 3．A.received B．booked C．lost D．bought 4．A.addicted B．a(chǎn)ccustomed C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．a(chǎn)ttached 5．A.however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 6．A.impression B．inspiration C．response D．request 7．A.excited B．grateful C．embarrassed D．desperate 8．A.avoidable B．major C．enjoyable D．simple 9．A.version B．translation C．dimension D．collection 10．A.repeated B．promised C．observed D．ignored 11．A.fixed up B．cut off C．used up D．laid in 12．A.worse B．better C．clearer D．more 13．A.force B．encourage C．remind D．enable 14．A.look into B．search for C．purchase D．borrow 15．A.easily B．securely C．firmly D．constantly 16．A.share B．a(chǎn)nalyze C．store D．waste 17．A.steadily B．quickly C．properly D．smoothly 18．A.technology B．information C．knowledge D．intelligence 19．A.reflecting B．hearing C．a(chǎn)ppreciating D．noticing 20．A.rigid B．tough C．bright D．necessary 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了WiFi對“我”家生活的影響。 【核心詞匯】have an effect on對……有影響　temporarily adv.暫時地　log on登錄　occur v．發(fā)生 1．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，家里沒有WiFi對我們生活的影響是巨大的(huge)。possible“可能的”；modest“謙虛的”；positive“積極的”。 2．B　根據(jù)前一句“It had a __1__ effect on our lives”和下文的“But，what will we do”可知，平時家里離不開WiFi，現(xiàn)在沒有了，當(dāng)然對我們平時的生活方式產(chǎn)生挑戰(zhàn)。explore“探索”；improve“提升”；guarantee“保證”。 3．C　根據(jù)下文的“When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house”可知，我們家里失去(lost) WiFi一個多星期；receive“收到”；book“訂購”；buy“購買”。 4．B　根據(jù)第二段第一句“I was raised in the preWiFi era”可知，“我”是在沒有WiFi的時代長大的，因此對于沒有了WiFi也是比較習(xí)慣的(accustomed)，be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于”。 5．A　根據(jù)上下文可推知，“我”習(xí)慣無WiFi的生活，但是孩子們不習(xí)慣。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選however。 6．C　根據(jù)空后的“But, what will we do”可知空處指的是他們的第一反應(yīng)(response)。 7．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，沒有WiFi只有電視，且電視頻道只有70多個，孩子們很絕望。excited“興奮的”；grateful“感激的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；desperate“絕望的”。 8．B　根據(jù)本句的定語從句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)是孩子們的主要(major)挑戰(zhàn)。avoidable“可避免的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；simple“簡單的”。 9．A　空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作業(yè)”，此處表示沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)是這種借口的一個新提法，故選A。 10．C　根據(jù)空后的賓語從句“that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily__11__ due to a leak”可知，這些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是女兒講出來(observed)的。 repeat“重復(fù)”；promise“承諾”；ignore“忽略”；observe“觀察，說，評論”。 11．B　根據(jù)該空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水會被暫時中斷(cut off)。 12．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，女兒認(rèn)為我們沒有WiFi更糟糕(worse)。 13．D　根據(jù)上下文可知，為了能夠在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事”。 14．C　根據(jù)下文的“Although expensive”可知，“我”去商店買(purchase)WiFi。 look into“調(diào)查”；search for“尋找”；borrow“借”。 15．A　根據(jù)語境可知，買了WiFi，“我”建立自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)就容易了。 16．D　根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ike leaving a tap running(像讓水管的水不停地流著一樣)”可知，我們知道讓水管的水不停地流著意味著“浪費”，故選D。 17．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，當(dāng)“我”上網(wǎng)做事時，“我”是盡快地做，as quickly as possible表示“盡快地”。 18．A　根據(jù)語境可知，技術(shù)已經(jīng)引起了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母淖儯@些改變在我們沒有注意(noticing)的情況下發(fā)生了。 19．D　參見上題解析。reflect“反思”；hear“聽到”；appreciate“欣賞”。 20．C　根據(jù)該空后的“without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡壘)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years”可知，沒有了WiFi，孩子們可以在一起玩，這是愉快的(bright)事情。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①star in 在……擔(dān)任主角；主演 ②cut off 切斷；斷絕 ③pick out 挑出；辨別出 ④pick up 偶然獲得；收聽；好轉(zhuǎn) ⑤react to 對……作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng) 2．其他形式 ①feel/be content with 對……滿足 ②up to now直到現(xiàn)在 ③badly off 窮的；缺少的 ④in particular 尤其；特別 ⑤convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick_up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut_off from the world.(2016浙江卷) 3．Everybody thought this young actor would have a bright future after he starred_in two films. 4．The news said that the schools in that southwestern area is badly_off for teaching equipment，and even teachers. “be＋...＋with”短語集錦 ①be content/satisfied/pleased with 對……滿足 ②be angry with 生某人的氣 ③be busy with 忙于 ④be strict with 對某人要求嚴(yán)格 ⑤be familiar with 熟悉 ⑥be burdened with 負(fù)擔(dān) ⑦be filled with 充滿 ⑧be lined with 排列著 ⑨be covered with 被……覆蓋 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”．.. 維克多雨果曾經(jīng)說過：“笑容如陽光，能驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天?！薄? as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替后面句子的內(nèi)容。 正如我們多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，“為人民服務(wù)”是我們的第一宗旨。 As_we_have_stressed many times，“serve the people”is our first policy. 2.Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off... 不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家境更加艱難…… 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。 大自然為我們的祖國提供了豐富的自然寶藏，使之成為我們幸福的家園。 Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making_it_a_happy_home for us. 3.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti. 然后他挑出鞋帶來吃，像是吃意大利面條一樣。 as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，當(dāng)表示與事實不相符的情況時，通常用虛擬語氣。 有些人一失去工作或失戀，就覺得好像到了世界末日似的。 Some people，on losing a job or a special relationship，may feel as_if_it_were_the_end_of_the_world. 【短文改錯】 There are many people think that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce.He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do.Health is more important. 【答案】　 There are many people / that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I read a story about Howard Joyce.He was European billionaire who got everything he wanted.，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have of dollars but you are poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with you do.Health is more important. 第一處：think前面加who或think改為thinking?？疾槎ㄕZ從句或現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為many people，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語從句；因many people和think為主動關(guān)系，故也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞thinking作many people的后置定語。 第二處：刪除had。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“used to”和“until one day”可知，該句陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。 第三處：an→a?？疾楣谠~。European的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故用a。 第四處：Therefore→However?？疾楦痹~。上文說他是一位歐洲億萬富翁，得到了他想要的一切，該句說在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康狀況變得越來越糟。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。 第五處：miserably→miserable?？疾樾稳菰~。life為名詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞miserable修飾。 第六處：called前面加were?？疾橹髦^一致、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語the best doctors為復(fù)數(shù)且和動詞call之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；這里講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用were。 第七處：million→millions。考查固定搭配。millions of為固定搭配，表示“許多”。 第八處：at→in?？疾榻樵~。in poor health為固定搭配，意為“身體不好”。 第九處：trying→try。考查動詞不定式。此處是動詞不定式表目的，故to后應(yīng)用動詞原形try。 第十處：which→what?？疾橘e語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，with后接賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作do的賓語，故用what。