高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 化難為易巧增分語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）課件

語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之 三三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（一） 語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破1. to do 2.-ing 3.done1. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 2. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.3. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.4. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。)找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）下面從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞下面從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,辨別辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)”1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC_A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. 一一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作般來(lái)說(shuō)，作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)； 作作賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)；的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)； 作作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。 A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1.(上海卷上海卷). the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached2. (陜西卷陜西卷)._from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see we the south foot of the mountain（四）（四）分析時(shí)態(tài)分析時(shí)態(tài)1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C_B_D二二. 找邏輯主語(yǔ)找邏輯主語(yǔ)三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)四、分析時(shí)態(tài)四、分析時(shí)態(tài)一一. 辨別辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂”非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題步驟方法總結(jié)：方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語(yǔ)，析語(yǔ)態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài)謂非謂，找主語(yǔ)，析語(yǔ)態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 七大經(jīng)典原則七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式1.With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad. （全國(guó)全國(guó)I ） A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought【解析解析】由于為我爸爸購(gòu)買(mǎi)禮物是我取錢(qián)的目的，所以要用不定式，由于為我爸爸購(gòu)買(mǎi)禮物是我取錢(qián)的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除因此可排除 A 和和 C。另外，由于先取后買(mǎi)，故選。另外，由于先取后買(mǎi)，故選 B。 如：為了趕上第一趟公交車(chē)，他很早就起床了如：為了趕上第一趟公交車(chē)，他很早就起床了. to catch up the first bus. 2.He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the world (安徽卷安徽卷)A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 3. In the 1970s,people from around the world settled in the UK to live and work, _food from home which attracted the British.(11省統(tǒng)考二省統(tǒng)考二12） A. to bring B. bringing C. brought D. bring 【解析解析】由于與句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段由于與句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間，故用時(shí)間，故用-ing。句意為：和媽媽游遍世界各地，他度過(guò)了自己美。句意為：和媽媽游遍世界各地，他度過(guò)了自己美好的童年。好的童年。 原則二：原則二： 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用- -inging. .inging形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與 to doto do作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的inging形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號(hào)前面常常帶一逗號(hào); ;而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要比而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號(hào)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號(hào)。用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1）. Write to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2）.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3）.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4）. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用- -inging或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，用用- -inging，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。4. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_ the students to return to their classrooms. (江蘇卷）江蘇卷） A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 【解析解析 此處用此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。 6. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. （陜西卷）（陜西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 5. It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. （天津卷）（天津卷）A.caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用- -inging的被動(dòng)式的被動(dòng)式. . 7.His first book next month is based on a true story. （陜西卷陜西卷 ） A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 8. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析解析】of 后應(yīng)接后應(yīng)接-ing，desks 與與open and close 之間存在邏輯之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因could be heard，所以選，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。of原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致主句主語(yǔ)保持一致.9. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （陜西卷）（陜西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John faced with(be) faced with原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）的完成式） 10.Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （湖南卷（湖南卷 ） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle 【解析解析】因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?Dina 與與 struggle 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 struggle 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 took 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。 原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是： 用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生; ; 用用- -inging，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行; ; 用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。11.(重慶卷重慶卷) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A.repaired B. being repaired B.C. repairing D. to be repaired 12. （全國(guó)（全國(guó)I ） Mrs. White showed her student some old maps_from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing.原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用-ing/ to do ,原則區(qū)別是：原則區(qū)別是：v-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，to do 表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。原則四：凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。 如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式；如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式； 如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)形式。的被動(dòng)形式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。Practice SUMMARY 1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟 方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語(yǔ)，析語(yǔ)態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài)方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語(yǔ)，析語(yǔ)態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài) 2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則