高中英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（知識(shí)運(yùn)用+拓展）Unit 3 The world of colours and light課件 牛津譯林版選修8

《高中英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（知識(shí)運(yùn)用+拓展）Unit 3 The world of colours and light課件 牛津譯林版選修8》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（知識(shí)運(yùn)用+拓展）Unit 3 The world of colours and light課件 牛津譯林版選修8（45頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、Module8Unit 3 The world of colours and light1、calculate vt. 計(jì)算；估計(jì)，推算，推測(cè)be calculated to do / for sth. 旨在，打算做某事It is calculated that 據(jù)計(jì)算calculate on / upon depend / rely on 指望， 期待It is calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year. 據(jù)計(jì)算，去年至少喪失了47,000個(gè)工作崗位。This advertisement is calculated to

2、 attract the attention of housewives. 這個(gè)廣告是為引起家庭主婦們的注意而設(shè)計(jì)的。We cant calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我們不指望有好天氣開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 我們能指望他們的幫助嗎？_Can we calculate on their help?2、 commit v. 犯罪，承諾，委托，托付They committed outrages on innocent citizens. 他們對(duì)無(wú)辜的市民犯下了暴行。commit himself He would not _ in

3、any way.他不愿做出任何承諾。3、reward n. 報(bào)答，賞金，報(bào)酬 An act of kindness deserves a reward. 善意的行為應(yīng)該得到獎(jiǎng)賞。 By rights, half the reward should be mine. 按理說(shuō)，有一半獎(jiǎng)賞應(yīng)該是我的。 You have received a just reward. 你已得到了應(yīng)有的報(bào)酬。 3、rewardvt. 獎(jiǎng)賞，給報(bào)酬 They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers. 他們獎(jiǎng)給優(yōu)勝者一些水果和鮮花。 award, rewa

4、rd這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”之意。award 側(cè)重指官方或經(jīng)正式研究裁決后對(duì)有功者或競(jìng)賽優(yōu)勝者所給予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。reward 指對(duì)品德高尚或勤勞的人所給予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，也可指為某事付酬金。deserves a reward她積極努力，應(yīng)得到獎(jiǎng)賞。She _ for her efforts.4、 abandon vt. 完全放棄；離棄；拋棄The sailors abandoned the burning ship. 航員們放棄了那艘著火的船。n. 放任，狂熱The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon. 那些女孩子跳上跳下

5、盡情地?fù)]舞著手臂。abandoned adj. 墮落的，放縱的；被遺棄的abandonment n. 放棄abandoner n. 放棄者；遺棄者abandon oneself to沉湎于；縱情于D句意：他姐姐拋棄她丈夫和3個(gè)孩子去荷蘭定居。abandon表示“完全、永遠(yuǎn)地拋棄”。His sister _ her husband and three children and went to live in Holland. A. gave up B. quitted C. stopped D. abandoneddeserted那個(gè)士兵叛國(guó)助敵。 The soldier _ his count

6、ry and helped the enemy. quitted她放棄了自己的工作。 She _ her job.forsake她懇求丈夫不要拋棄她。 She pleaded with her husband not to _ her. given the dog up最后我們當(dāng)那只狗已經(jīng)走失了，而不再存有希望。 We had at last.abandoned她遺棄了她的孩子。 She _ her child. 1、cut up 切碎；使受苦His mother has to cut up all the food for him. 他的媽媽不得不為他將所有的食物切碎。Jean was re

7、ally cut up when her husband left her. 在丈夫拋棄她之后，簡(jiǎn)痛苦極了。2、make sth. out of sth. 用某材料做成某物 be made (out) of / make sth. out of 由制成 make sth. out of與 make sth. of的意思相同。make sth. out of 常用于口語(yǔ)。The box is made out of cedarwood. 這盒子是用杉木做的。They make bottles out of glass. 他們用玻璃做瓶子。1、Hardly had we left the dorm

8、itory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.第二天早晨我們剛離開(kāi)宿舍，就想起把地圖落在房間里了。此句含有句型：hardlywhen“一就”，由于hardly位于句首，用倒裝語(yǔ)序。正常語(yǔ)序是We had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room. hardlywhen這種句式主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。hardly置于句首時(shí)，主句用

9、倒裝語(yǔ)序。該句式中hardly可以改成scarcely。I had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我剛合上眼，電話鈴就響了。Hardly/ Scarcely had he arrived when he had to leave again. 他剛一到達(dá)，又不得不離開(kāi)。(1)no soonerthan用法與之相似。No sooner had he finished his homework than the light went out.他一做完作業(yè)， 燈就熄了。(2)當(dāng)never, seldom, litt

10、le, barely, not until, nowhere, by no means 等否定詞放在句首時(shí)，句子一般采用倒裝形式。Little do I know about French.對(duì)于法語(yǔ)我知之甚少。Nowhere in the world can you find such a beautiful place.你在世界上任何地方都找不到如此漂亮的地方。 Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. A. he realized

11、 B. he didnt realize C. didnt he realize D. did he realizeDlittle是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時(shí)句子用部分倒裝。2 、Had you come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.如果你們和我們一起來(lái)了，我保證你們也會(huì)在歐洲玩得很開(kāi)心的。本句是一個(gè)省略了連詞if，含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝句，該句的完整語(yǔ)序是：If you had come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件

12、句中，若含有助動(dòng)詞should，had 或連系動(dòng)詞were時(shí)，可以把連詞 if 省略，且把should，had 或were倒裝到主語(yǔ)的前面。Had he come last night, he would have met his sister at home.昨晚要是他回來(lái)了，他就會(huì)在家見(jiàn)到他妹妹了。Should he visit me tomorrow, I would buy him a bicycle.他若是明天來(lái)我就買一輛自行車給他。Were he you, I think he would lend his computer to me.若他是你，我認(rèn)為他就會(huì)把他的計(jì)算機(jī)借給我了。

13、【注意】在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)Were I not to do, 而不能說(shuō) Werent I to do。Were I not to come tomorrow, I would send you an email to let you know.如果明天我不來(lái)，我就發(fā)郵件告訴你。_ tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meet. A. Were it rain B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Will it rainB句意：如果明天下雨，

14、我們將不得不推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，省略if，把should提到了句首。怎樣寫(xiě)好說(shuō)明文一、說(shuō)明文的概述說(shuō)明文(Exposition)是介紹、說(shuō)明客觀事物的一種文體。它主要說(shuō)明這種事物的形態(tài)、性質(zhì)、成因、構(gòu)造、功能等特征。它只是客觀地介紹、解釋事物，使讀者獲得知識(shí)和信息，并不需要發(fā)表主張、作出證明。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介、商品介紹、游覽手冊(cè)、科技讀物、工作總結(jié)、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告等，都屬說(shuō)明文之列。寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文應(yīng)該目的明確、材料準(zhǔn)確翔實(shí)、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。寫(xiě)作方法上，可以按事物的時(shí)間、空間、結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯順序來(lái)寫(xiě)。也可以采取舉例、比較、下定義等方法。1說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)(1)限制要說(shuō)明的事物和范圍，比如寫(xiě)一

15、篇題為“The Progress in English Study”的說(shuō)明文，就必須引用一些實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明。由于題目要求寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面的進(jìn)步，就不能列舉其他學(xué)科的成績(jī)。(2)有足夠多的、確切的例子闡述論證。如寫(xiě)“Our Head Teacher”的說(shuō)明文時(shí)，必須選用一些具體的事例，如老師如何備課，課堂上怎樣使學(xué)生在活躍的氣氛中學(xué)習(xí)以及課后的輔導(dǎo)等。選例時(shí)不宜太多，否則會(huì)給人以堆砌例證、羅列現(xiàn)象之感，但也不要一篇文章只選一例，因?yàn)榧词故吕^典型，若只選一例其說(shuō)服力也不夠有力。(3)用正確、恰當(dāng)?shù)捻樞驍[出事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)選出的典型事例要進(jìn)行合理的安排，主次分明。(4)盡可能使說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容有趣、生動(dòng)，選用典

16、型、新穎的素材，吸引讀者。2說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)遵循引子、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)3部分的要求。引子部分點(diǎn)出主題，正文部分引證說(shuō)明主題，結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分重申一下主題，以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。二、寫(xiě)作模板第一段：總體介紹(包括要說(shuō)明事物的外貌、特點(diǎn)、性能等)。例如：Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology.第二段：具體說(shuō)明，可列舉一些典型事例。例如：All Senior Two students should learn such a course, by which students can a

17、chieve a lot. First, Second 第三段：總結(jié)評(píng)價(jià)(包括喜愛(ài)、夸贊等情感)。例如：They enjoy it mainly because the course is closely related to everyday life.三、典例分析1試題要求從去年開(kāi)始，高中學(xué)生有了一門新的課程通用技術(shù)(General Technology)。請(qǐng)你給某英文報(bào)紙寫(xiě)一份不少于120詞的通訊稿，介紹這一課程及其實(shí)施情況。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：(1)對(duì)象：高二學(xué)生(2)目的：培養(yǎng)基本技能，提高設(shè)計(jì)能力(3)要求：能使用不同類型的常見(jiàn)工具，修理、設(shè)計(jì)和制作一些物品。畢業(yè)前通過(guò)書(shū)面測(cè)試。(4)同

18、學(xué)們的反響、體會(huì)或評(píng)價(jià)。2內(nèi)容分析這篇習(xí)作要求考生寫(xiě)一則通訊稿，內(nèi)容是介紹通用技術(shù)這一新課程及其實(shí)施情況。在體裁上它屬于一篇說(shuō)明文。題干已經(jīng)清楚地說(shuō)明了寫(xiě)作的基本要求，考生可以在闡述這些要點(diǎn)的同時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)丶右酝卣?，從而將通用技術(shù)這一新課程的開(kāi)設(shè)對(duì)象、開(kāi)設(shè)目的、開(kāi)設(shè)要求及開(kāi)設(shè)的效果得以明晰。注意事項(xiàng)：寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容應(yīng)充實(shí)豐富；使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)敘述；注意主動(dòng)句、被動(dòng)句，簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)雜句式的綜合運(yùn)用，以提高作文的檔次。 3佳作賞析 Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology. The new cour

19、se, with the purpose of developing their basic skills and improving their design ability, is taught for Senior Two students. General Technology is expected to have students learn to use different kinds of common tools. Therefore, they are supposed to be able to repair, design and make some little th

20、ings with the help of what they have learned. Meanwhile, they ought to pass the written test before graduation. Most students are extremely interested in the knowledge and abilities they have acquired from the new course, since what are taught in the course are what they really want to obtain in reality. 4滿分揭秘 該篇作文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，開(kāi)頭一段說(shuō)明通用技術(shù)這一新課程的開(kāi)辦目的和開(kāi)辦對(duì)象，第二段重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)要求，最后說(shuō)明同學(xué)們對(duì)該課程的反響和體會(huì)。全文運(yùn)用了大量的長(zhǎng)句，這是其一大亮點(diǎn)，作者注意到主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句的綜合運(yùn)用，使語(yǔ)言極富變化，這些無(wú)疑都使該文成為一篇成功之作。