《高中數(shù)學(xué) 第二章 柯西不等式與排序不等式及其應(yīng)用 2.4 最大值與最小值問題優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型課件 新人教B版選修45》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高中數(shù)學(xué) 第二章 柯西不等式與排序不等式及其應(yīng)用 2.4 最大值與最小值問題優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型課件 新人教B版選修45(18頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、2 2.4 4最大值與最小值問題最大值與最小值問題,優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型型目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚
2、焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航1.了解最值點(diǎn)、最值問題的概念.2.能靈活應(yīng)用平均值不等式、柯西不等式求一些簡單問題的最值.3.能求解一些較容易的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題的最值.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI
3、TOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航最值問題設(shè)D為f(x)的定義域,如果存在x0D,使得f(x)f(x0)(f(x)f(x0),xD,則稱f(x0)為f(x)在D上的最大(小)值,x0稱為f(x)在D上的最大(小)值點(diǎn).尋求函數(shù)的最大(小)值
4、及最大(小)值問題統(tǒng)稱為最值問題,本節(jié)我們用平均值不等式及柯西不等式解決某些初等函數(shù)的最值問題.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJ
5、UJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航【做一做】 用一張鋼板制作一個容積為4 m3的無蓋長方體水箱.可用的長方形鋼板有四種不同的規(guī)格(長寬的尺寸如各選項(xiàng)所示,單位:m).若既要夠用,又要所剩最少,則應(yīng)選擇鋼板的規(guī)格是()A.25B.25.5C.26.1D.35解析:本題是一道立體幾何和基本不等式相結(jié)合的綜合題,此題主要考查考生信息處理能力和應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識解決實(shí)際問題的能力,此題的題眼是“既要夠用,又要所剩最少”.設(shè)長方體水箱的長、寬、高分別為x,y,
6、z,答案:C 目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SU
7、ITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航在利用平均值不等式解決某些初等函數(shù)的最值問題時要注意什么?剖析:要注意三點(diǎn):函數(shù)式中,各項(xiàng)(必要時,還要考慮常數(shù)項(xiàng))必須都是正數(shù),若不是正數(shù),則必須變形為正數(shù);函數(shù)式中,含變數(shù)的各項(xiàng)的和或積必須是常數(shù),才能利用“定理”求出函數(shù)的最大(小)值.若含變數(shù)的各項(xiàng)之和或積不是常數(shù)(定值)時,則必須進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)呐錅?使和或積變?yōu)槌?shù)(定值),才能使用“定理”求出函數(shù)的最大(小)值;利用平均值不等式求最值時,必須能取到等號,若取不到等號,則必須經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)淖冃?使之能取到等號.上述三點(diǎn)可簡記為“一正,二定,
8、三相等”.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUIT
9、ANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型三題型四利用平均值不等式求最值【例1】 已知x(0,+),求函數(shù)y=x(1-x2)的最大值.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHIS
10、HISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型三題型四反思拼湊數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu),以便能利用平均值不等式求最值,是必須掌握的一種解題方法,但拼湊要合理,且要符合適用的條件,對于本題,有的學(xué)生可能這樣去拼湊:雖然其中的拼湊過程保證了三個數(shù)的和為定值,但忽略了取等號的條件,顯然x=2-2x=1+x無解,即無法取到等號,也就是說,這樣拼湊是不正確
11、的.這就要求平時多積累一些用拼湊方法的題型及數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu),同時注意平均值不等式的使用條件,三個缺一不可.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNA
12、NJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型四題型三利用柯西不等式求最值【例2】 兩批貨物分別為m噸,n噸,要從甲運(yùn)往丙,途中要經(jīng)過乙中轉(zhuǎn),從甲到乙是公路運(yùn)輸,兩批貨物的運(yùn)價都是每噸a元,從乙到丙是航空運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)價都是每噸b元,問總運(yùn)費(fèi)最少為多少元?分析:由題意知就是利用柯西不等式求(m+n)(a+b)的最小值.反思應(yīng)用柯西不等式求函數(shù)的最值,關(guān)鍵是構(gòu)造兩組數(shù),并向著柯西不等式的形式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUI
13、TANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO
14、重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型三題型四實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題【例3】 如圖所示,把一塊邊長是a的正方形鐵片的各角切去大小相同的小正方形,再把它的邊沿著虛線翻折成一個無蓋方底的盒子,問切去的正方形邊長是多少時,才能使盒子的容積最大?分析:設(shè)切去的小正方形的邊長為x,由題意可知,折成的盒子的底面邊長為a-2x,高為x,這時盒子的容積V=(a-2x)2x,再利用三個正數(shù)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練Z
15、HONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型三題型四反思求實(shí)際問題的最值,關(guān)鍵是建立適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)學(xué)模型,從而將實(shí)際問題轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)學(xué)問題再求最值.目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DI
16、ANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂
17、演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航題型一題型二題型三題型四易錯辨析易錯點(diǎn):求最值時因忽略變量的取值范圍致錯.錯因分析:錯誤的原因是沒有注意函數(shù)的定義域x|x0或x0時,可直接應(yīng)用平均值不等式,而當(dāng)x0,a1)的圖象恒過定點(diǎn)A,若點(diǎn)A在直線 答案:8 目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理DIANLITOUXI典例透析SUITANGLIANXI隨堂演練ZHONGNANJUJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHISHULI知識梳理目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航1 2 3 4 5答案: