天津市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 單項(xiàng)填空 專題八 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件

專題八非謂語動(dòng)詞專題八非謂語動(dòng)詞-2-考情概覽1.考查對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別,要求明確句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2.考查不定式的一般式做定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法,也考查不定式的被動(dòng)式和完成式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)通常是不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,考查考生對(duì)句中動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞和相應(yīng)名詞的邏輯關(guān)系的分析能力。3.考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式做主語、狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語等的用法,也考查其否定式和完成式。題干設(shè)置簡(jiǎn)單,考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式的基本用法。4.考查過去分詞做定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語的用法。把過去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式放在一起考查。題干長(zhǎng)短不一,信息明確,考查考生對(duì)不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的掌握情況。動(dòng)詞之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞和相關(guān)名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系是考查的重點(diǎn)。-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七謂語與非謂語形式的識(shí)別試題以復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和冗長(zhǎng)的句式呈現(xiàn),考查考生是否能分清句子成分,理解句子結(jié)構(gòu),明白句子意義,正確判斷,識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語?！镜淅治觥?(2016天津卷,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, air conditioning unnecessary.A.makingB.to makeC.madeD.being made答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:涼爽的風(fēng)通過臥室的窗子吹進(jìn)來,使得吹空調(diào)變得沒有必要。本句中的“涼爽的風(fēng)通過臥室的窗子吹進(jìn)來”與“使得吹空調(diào)變得沒有必要”存在因果關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing 短語做結(jié)果狀語,表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果。而動(dòng)詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語時(shí),表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,故排除B項(xiàng)。-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七 the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.CatchingB.CaughtC.To catchD.Catch答案為C項(xiàng)。句意:為了趕上早班飛機(jī),我們提前預(yù)訂了一輛出租車并且早早起床。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語。-5-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語形式做主語非謂語形式做主語時(shí),形式主語it常用來代替不定式短語做主語。如:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在It is no use/good doing sth.和It is a waste of time doing sth.句型中,it代替動(dòng)詞-ing短語做主語。如:Its no use arguing with them.-6-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A.IgnoreB.IgnoringC.IgnoredD.Having ignored答案為B項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,will be是本句的謂語,因此“ the difference between the two research findings”是主語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有B項(xiàng)可以做主語。句意:忽視兩個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)之間的區(qū)別是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。-7-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語形式做賓語1.部分(短語)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式做賓語。常見的有:agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like (love)等。如:He agreed to lend me his bike.He refused to say sorry to me.2.部分(短語)動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)詞-ing做賓語。常見的有:avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/admit/ finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep (on)/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be (get) used to/addict oneself to/be busy/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer .to .等。如:He admitted taking my money.Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?-8-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四3.部分(短語)動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí),含義不同,應(yīng)注意區(qū)分。-9-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四-10-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四-11-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四如:After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor.He went on telling us the story after a short rest.(8)want/need/require to be done=want/need/require doing sth.(某事)需要被做。want/need/require to do sth.(某人)需要做某事。如:This plant needs to be watered once a week.The road needs rebuilding.I want to join the army.-12-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四(9)advise/allow/permit doing sth.建議/允許做某事,advise/allow/ permit sb.to do sth.建議/允許某人做某事。如:I advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.He often advises people to use their brains.-13-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 When it comes to in public,no one can match him.A.speakB.speakingC.being spokenD.be spoken答案為B項(xiàng)?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)談到在公共場(chǎng)合演講時(shí),沒有人能比得上他。when it comes to . “當(dāng)談到”,其中to為介詞,其后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like for a swim?A.to goB.goingC.goD.having gone答案為B項(xiàng)?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”,其中l(wèi)ike為介詞,后面用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。-14-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語形式做定語各類非謂語形式做定語的不同點(diǎn)。1.時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:不定式做定語通常表示一個(gè)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語通常表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去分詞做定語多表示已完成的動(dòng)作,或沒有一定的時(shí)間性(只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。如:I have a lot of work to do.The tall girl standing there is a basketball player.This is a play written by Shakespeare.-15-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四2.邏輯關(guān)系不同:不定式做定語時(shí)所修飾的詞可能是它的邏輯主語,也可能是它的邏輯賓語;動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語時(shí)所修飾的詞一定是它的邏輯主語;過去分詞做定語時(shí)所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯賓語。如:He is the first to get here.He is the man to depend on.He is the very person looking for you.I want the letter posted.3.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等,不要遺漏必要的介詞。如:He found a good house to live in.-16-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2016浙江卷,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.A.having conductedB.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案為D項(xiàng)。該句中study與動(dòng)詞conduct 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語in 2012可知,該研究已經(jīng)完成,故用過去分詞做后置定語。如果用to be conducted,雖然也表示被動(dòng),但不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;having conducted是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式,表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。-17-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四特別提醒解答非謂語形式做定語的題目,可以從三方面著手。(1)理解句子結(jié)構(gòu),不要被假象所迷惑,確定所選的答案是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。(2)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間。表示將來通常用不定式形式;表示進(jìn)行通常用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;表示完成通常用過去分詞形式。(3)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系。主動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;被動(dòng)關(guān)系通常用過去分詞形式。-18-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語形式做狀語1.不定式做狀語:(1)表示目的,直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如:Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.(2)表示結(jié)果,更常見于so .as to,such .as to,enough to,too .to結(jié)構(gòu)中,only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。如:I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因,用在做表語的某些表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞后面,說明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語所表示的情況等。如:They were very sad to hear the news.-19-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語:動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語表示的必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以做狀語,表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。表原因時(shí),通常放在句首;表結(jié)果時(shí),通常放在句子后面,表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.He fired his gun,killing the wolf.All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.-20-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四3.過去分詞做狀語:過去分詞的動(dòng)作與句子的主語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過去分詞可以做狀語,表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨情況。如:Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better.-21-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2017天津卷,14)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, more patients to be treated.A.being allowedB.allowingC.having allowedD.allowed答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:醫(yī)院最近購(gòu)買了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,這使得更多的患者能得到醫(yī)治。前面的句子和allow之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing做結(jié)果狀語。-22-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四(2016浙江卷,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.A.workingB.workC.to work D.worked答案為A項(xiàng)。該句中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的搭配是have fun doing“做某事很快樂”,as后面的部分完整形式應(yīng)為I now have fun working with students,為了避免重復(fù),使用代動(dòng)詞do代替have fun。故選A項(xiàng)。(2016北京卷,26) it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.To make答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:想要更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系,你最好把這張卡片帶在身邊。由句意可知,設(shè)空處為動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語。故選D項(xiàng)。-23-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四特別提醒非謂語形式做狀語時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):(1)不定式通常做目的狀語。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語時(shí),與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。(3)過去分詞做狀語時(shí),與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。-24-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語形式做補(bǔ)語和表語1.advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動(dòng)詞后面常用不定式做補(bǔ)語。如:Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2.make/let/have等使役動(dòng)詞后面用不帶to的不定式做補(bǔ)語,但在被動(dòng)句中則使用帶to的不定式。如:They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.-25-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四3.感官動(dòng)詞后面可用不帶to的不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或過去分詞做補(bǔ)語。從時(shí)間上看,不定式表示發(fā)生或完成;動(dòng)詞-ing形式強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示完成。從邏輯關(guān)系上看,不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式與賓語之間存在著主謂關(guān)系;過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:I saw him cross the street.I saw him crossing the street.I saw him surrounded by a group of students.-26-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四4.介詞with和without后面可接復(fù)合賓語。不定式做補(bǔ)語常表示將來;動(dòng)詞-ing形式做補(bǔ)語常表示賓語與補(bǔ)語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系或正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞做補(bǔ)語常表示賓語與補(bǔ)語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或已經(jīng)完成。如:I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.I cant do my homework with all the noise going on.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.5.動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞均可用做表語。如:Jacks wish is to persuade his brother to change his mind.The reason he gave was very convincing.I am convinced of his honesty.-27-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.be taken答案為B項(xiàng)。分析句子可知,空白處缺的是“see+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。因?yàn)橘e語his mother和短語動(dòng)詞take care of之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示被動(dòng)含義。所以B項(xiàng)正確。be taken雖然表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,但它可用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞后成為謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分,不能做賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意:結(jié)束兩年的非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)回到家,李醫(yī)生很高興看到母親在家得到很好的照料。-28-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it live is quite another.A.performB.performingC.to perform D.being performed答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:在家聽音樂是一回事,聽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏的音樂又是另外一回事。hear后面的代詞it指代上文出現(xiàn)的music,music與perform之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。-29-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A.to followB.followingC.followedD.follows答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:這對(duì)老夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后去公園散步,后面跟著他們的寵物狗。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),可排除D項(xiàng);由于賓語pet dog與follow之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,可排除C項(xiàng);不定式一般表示將來,可排除A項(xiàng);答案為B項(xiàng),動(dòng)詞-ing形式做補(bǔ)語。-30-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式均是在前面加not。如:He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best,he failed in the exam.-31-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四2.不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí),不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,不定式要用進(jìn)行式。如:The boy pretended to be working hard.當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí),不定式要用完成式。如:I happened to have seen the film.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式要用被動(dòng)式。如:The patient asked to be operated on at once.-32-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式和帶有邏輯主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作早于謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí),動(dòng)詞-ing形式要用完成式。如:Having done his homework,he played basketball.-33-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),動(dòng)詞-ing形式要用被動(dòng)式。如:The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times,the naughty boy still made the same mistake.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式和過去分詞都表示被動(dòng)和完成,兩種形式做狀語時(shí)?？苫Q,但做定語時(shí)只能用過去分詞形式,不能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式。The island,joined to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.-34-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四【典例分析】 (2015天津卷,8) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A.To workB.WorkedC.To be workingD.Having worked答案為D項(xiàng)。句意:已經(jīng)工作兩天了,史蒂夫總算設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。主語Steve和work之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且work發(fā)生在managed之前,所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式。-35-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without .A.recognizingB.being recognizedC.having recognizedD.having been recognized答案為B項(xiàng)?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意:這位影星戴著太陽鏡。因此他購(gòu)物的時(shí)候可以不被別人認(rèn)出來?？崭裉帪榻樵~without的賓語,故要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,且表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此B項(xiàng)正確。-36-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)四 which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not knownD.Known not答案為A項(xiàng)?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意:由于不知道上哪一所大學(xué),這個(gè)女孩向她的老師征求建議。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式,應(yīng)把not置于非謂語動(dòng)詞的前面,故排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng);由于know與主句的主語the girl之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A項(xiàng)。-37-1.(2017北京卷,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.A.saveB.savingC.to save D.saved解析 句意:為了節(jié)省乘客寶貴的時(shí)間,很多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌。動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。2.(2017江蘇卷,21)Many Chinese brands, their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developedB.being developedC.developedD.developing解析 句意:許多中國(guó)品牌已經(jīng)建立了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的聲譽(yù),現(xiàn)在正面臨著來自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新挑戰(zhàn)。主語brands和develop之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且develop發(fā)生在are facing之前,所以用動(dòng)詞-ing的完成式。故選A項(xiàng)。CA-38-3.(2017北京卷,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, from butterflies to elephants.A.ranging B.rangeC.to rangeD.ranged解析 句意:這座國(guó)家公園里有很多野生動(dòng)物,范圍從蝴蝶到大象。句子的主語“The national park”與“range”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語。4.(2017北京卷,32)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time with his students.A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent解析 句意:吉姆已經(jīng)退休了,但他仍然記得與他的學(xué)生們一起度過的歡樂時(shí)光。the happy time與spend之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式做后置定語。AD -39-5.(2017天津和平區(qū)二模,5) for many years,the novelist suddenly became famous.A.Having ignoredB.Having been ignoredC.IgnoringD.To be ignored解析 句意:被忽視了多年以后,這位小說家突然名聲大噪。ignore與主語the novelist之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。主句謂語為一般過去時(shí),從句應(yīng)用ignore的完成時(shí),排除D項(xiàng)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語,故選B項(xiàng)。B-40-6.(2016北京卷,28) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.A.OrderingB.To orderC.Having orderedD.Ordered7.(2016北京卷,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, the old town into a dreamland.A.turnB.turningC.to turnD.turnedD 解析句意:這些書是一星期以前訂購(gòu)的,現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)都可能到達(dá)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中做狀語,主語the books 與 order之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示完成,故選D項(xiàng)。B解析句意:新建成的木房沿街而立,把舊城變成了夢(mèng)想之地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句子中做結(jié)果狀語,新建成的木房沿街而立與turn之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選turning。-41-8.If for the job,youll be informed soon.A.to acceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.A.to thank B.thankingC.having thankedD.to have thankedD 解析句意:如果你被錄用做這份工作,你很快就會(huì)接到通知。主語you與動(dòng)詞accept之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式。A解析go on to do 和go on doing都可以指“繼續(xù)干某事”,但go on doing表示“接著繼續(xù)做同一件事”; go on to do表示“接著做另一件事”。分析句子可知,Anne Benedict 先receive the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,然后thank all the people,這是兩件不同的事。故選A項(xiàng)。句意:獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后,安妮本尼迪克特接下來感謝了所有在事業(yè)上幫助過她的人。-42-10.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way the sun and the stars.A.usedB.having used C.using D.use11.In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.A.combineB.combinedC.combiningD.being combinedC 解析句意:和古代的水手一樣,鳥類能通過太陽和星星找到它們的路。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填部分在句中做狀語,且use與主語birds之間為主謂關(guān)系,故選C項(xiàng)。C 解析句意:最近幾年,一個(gè)英語單詞“infosphere”出現(xiàn)了,它結(jié)合了“information”和“atmosphere”兩個(gè)詞的意義。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語做后置定語,修飾infosphere。-43-12.Much time sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A.being spentB.having spentC.spentD.spendingC 解析句意:大部分時(shí)間都坐在桌前,辦公室員工普遍受到健康問題的困擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,前后兩部分之間無連詞,因此“Much time sitting at a desk”不是句子而是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);spend與time之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,可以排除B、D兩項(xiàng);本題描述的是一種客觀事實(shí)和普遍現(xiàn)象,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。所以選C項(xiàng)。-44-13.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A.amazeB.amazingC.amazedD.to amazeC 解析句中的watching .為動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語做伴隨狀語,而空白處需要的也是狀語,表示小湯姆坐著看猴子跳舞時(shí)的狀態(tài),因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)人的自身感受,故用amazed做方式狀語,意為“驚訝的,驚奇的”。amazing表示給別人造成的感受,意為“令人驚奇的”,不合句意。句意:小湯姆驚奇地坐著,看他面前的猴子跳舞。-45-14.With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day.A.dealB.dealtC.to deal D.dealing15.She stormed into the boss office about her co-workers behavior.A.complainingB.complainedC.having complained D.to complainC 解析句意:隨著世界的迅速變化,每天我們都會(huì)有一些新的事情要獨(dú)自解決?？崭裉幾龆ㄕZ修飾something new。deal with“處理”,用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語,表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。D解析句意:她非常氣憤地走進(jìn)老板的辦公室,抱怨她同事的行為?？崭裉幱胻o complain表示stormed into.的目的,故用動(dòng)詞不定式。-46-16.With so many friends me,I had no difficulty finishing the work on time.A.to helpB.helpedC.helping D.have helped17.Several people deserve for their assistance in providing information for this report.A.being mentionedB.mentioningC.mentionedD.to mentionC 解析句意:有那么多朋友幫助我,我不費(fèi)勁就按時(shí)完成了工作。這是“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句式。動(dòng)詞help與賓語friends之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。B解析句意:有幾個(gè)人因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)檫@次報(bào)道提供了幫助信息而值得提一下。deserve是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“應(yīng)受;值得”,后面常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義。-47-18.(2016天津高考“名師圈題”模擬一,5)How pleasant the picture is to !A.be looked B.for looking at C.looking at D.look atD解析句意:這幅畫看起來是多么的令人愉快!pleasant是形容詞,做is的表語,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。19.Henry cant attend the party at Toms house at present because he has to prepare for his trip to New York tomorrow.A.being heldB.holdC.to holdD.to be heldA 解析句意:亨利不能夠參加現(xiàn)在正在湯姆家中舉行的宴會(huì),因?yàn)樗仨殲槊魈斓募~約之行做準(zhǔn)備?！?at Toms house at present”是定語修飾party,hold“舉行”,與the party之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。此處表示正在進(jìn)行的事,故選A項(xiàng)。-48-20.His heart swelled with pride as he stood there, his son graduate.A.watchingB.being watchedC.to watchD.watchedA 解析句意:當(dāng)他站在那兒看到他的兒子畢業(yè)時(shí),心中充滿了自豪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,he和watch之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語做伴隨狀語。故選A項(xiàng)。-49-21. by the nurses,he was slowly recovering and could now swallow some solid food.A.Having been attendedB.Having attendedC.Being attendedD.To be attended22.They thought the proposals forward at the meeting were of little significance.A.puttingB.putC.to putD.having putA 解析句意:在護(hù)士的照料下,他正在慢慢地恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在能吞咽一些固體食物了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,attend與句子主語he之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而“was slowly recovering”表明照顧是從過去開始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成被動(dòng)式。故選A項(xiàng)。B解析句意:他們認(rèn)為會(huì)議上提出的那些建議意義不大。那些建議是在會(huì)議上被提出來的,故用過去分詞做后置定語。-50-23.This drug is less likely to cause side effects when late in the day.A.takingB.takenC.to takeD.takesB 解析句意:當(dāng)在一天中的晚些時(shí)候服用時(shí),這種藥不太容易產(chǎn)生副作用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是狀語從句的省略形式,完整形式為:when it is taken late in the day。24.the sun for a long time is the cause of the crack of the old tire.A.Being exposed toB.To expose toC.Exposing toD.Exposed toA 解析句意:被長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露在陽光下是這個(gè)舊車胎開裂的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中做主語,且expose與其邏輯主語the old tire之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。-51-25.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads,two paths ahead of me.A.lainB.lyingC.to lie D.lieB解析空格處是補(bǔ)語,表示名詞two paths的狀態(tài),lie表示“存在”,與two paths是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài),故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式lying。