2016年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題05 閱讀理解（含解析）

專題5閱讀理解1.【2016·全國新課標I】AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.【答案】21 -24 A C D.C考點：考查人物類短文閱讀【技巧點撥 】細節(jié)理解題的解題可以先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的：段落、語句，仔細品味，對照比較，確定答案。2.【2016·全國新課標I】BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family is and how important” to be near them, especially when youre raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties. BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her make more friends.DIt helped her know more new places.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsure of raise more children.BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents.DThey bad little respect for their grandparent.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better【答案】25-28. A D C A考點：社會生活類短文閱讀【技巧點撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關鍵要注意表明作者觀點、立場的動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。28題中則根據(jù)it is wiser to say no推斷出作者的立場。3.【2016·全國新課標I】C I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17A provider B delivery man C collector D medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much.D. The ice won't last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London        B. To NewarkC. To Providence     D. To Washington【答案】29-31.B D.B【技巧點撥】詞義猜測題的答題技巧。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測2.根據(jù)同位關系進行猜測3.根據(jù)構詞法(前綴、后綴、復合、派生等)進行猜測4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P系進行猜測。在本文中要根據(jù)上下文對作者工作的描寫來推測出正確的詞義。30. D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小時適宜的溫度。故選D 。31.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，這位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故選 B。考點：故事類短文閱讀4.【2016·全國新課標I】DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold【答案】32-35.C A D B考點：社會生活類短文閱讀5.【2016·全國新課標II】AWhats On?Electric Underground7.30pm1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simons Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A. The Cyclops Theatre B. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simons Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm1.00am. C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【名師點睛】 本文屬于廣告類短文，所考查四題均為細節(jié)題中的直接理解題。細節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。 在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決直接理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應的句子(即定位)，然后進行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換)，從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關的句子(有時可能是幾個句子)或段落，然后進行分析和推理等，從而找出正確答案。 以本文為例，我們根據(jù)題干中“people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年齡段的人都能夠從中獲得笑聲，直接定位第二則廣告第三句This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest可知這場表演能夠讓所有年齡段的人都很開心，故選擇B項?？键c：考查廣告類閱讀6.【2016·全國新課標II】B Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But Im just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when youre asleep?” “Oh, sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you?” “Nobody. I do it.” “Really-at night, when youre asleep?” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _?A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students interest in art D. teach the students about toy design6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 7.B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學生的危險。說明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點”。故B正確?！久麕燑c睛】本文屬于詞義猜測題。我們可以根據(jù)后句“I ran the risk . thinking.”中的“risk”說明我的教育方法也有不足之處，故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點，不足”。本題屬于典型的理由上下文語境推測。近幾年高考閱讀中猜測詞義考查方法多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測將會越來越多。根據(jù)上下文語境作出判斷：有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義域解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。請看下例：      Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.     從前面的Car Rental Center可知出租車公司提供的只能是cars for rent(出租汽車)，也就是說劃線的詞都是出租汽車的名稱。 除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P系進行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(；)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。 還可以根據(jù)因果關系進行判斷：俗話說，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據(jù)原因可以預測結果，根據(jù)結果也可以找出原因。例如Biggest power failure in the city's historyAll of our icecream and frozen foods melted 根據(jù)因果關系，停電只能導致冰淇淋和冷凍食品“融化”，也就是melted。考點：考查記敘文閱讀7.【2016·全國新課標II】CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D 【名師點睛】本文考查了代詞指代題。根據(jù)本句“.hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下書的人希望自己的書能夠隨著找到它的人走得更遠?？芍渲械膇t指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。閱讀的時候我們可以根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例如：      However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.      首先，it指上句中的the question，而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的問題，所以要經(jīng)過兩次查找才能選出答案。考點：考查說明文閱讀8.【2016·全國新課標II】DA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstanding-undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism-if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海灘), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the co