《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)A》統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)
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1、?大學(xué)英語(yǔ)A?統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo) 答題技巧: 一、走進(jìn)“英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考〞 考試對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)講,在學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中起著重要的作用。學(xué)??荚囀恰皩W(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)測(cè)試〞;“學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)測(cè)試〞是學(xué)生一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)階段的小結(jié)。目的是檢查學(xué)生是否掌握了所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。 等級(jí)考試是“水平測(cè)試〞;“水平測(cè)試〞那么是不考慮過(guò)去學(xué)生所用教材、所受訓(xùn)練,它根據(jù)特定的考試大綱編纂試題,設(shè)定某個(gè)成績(jī)?yōu)楹细穹謹(jǐn)?shù)線。 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)〔A〕統(tǒng)考就是依照相應(yīng)的考試大綱所制定的“英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試〞。 “水平測(cè)試〞中為了分辨出水平很高的考生,所以,試題中有一局部題是按照教學(xué)大綱中較高要求設(shè)計(jì)的。 學(xué)生在準(zhǔn)備統(tǒng)考的時(shí)候往往走入誤區(qū),以下經(jīng)驗(yàn)是值得注意和借
2、鑒的: 經(jīng)驗(yàn)1:復(fù)習(xí)要抓住重點(diǎn),有得有舍 比方:完型填空和短文聽(tīng)力就是對(duì)平時(shí)水平的測(cè)試,很難在短時(shí)間通過(guò)做題有所提高。而對(duì)話聽(tīng)力,語(yǔ)法,作文可以在短期內(nèi)提高分?jǐn)?shù),復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)把時(shí)間和重點(diǎn)放在這里。 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考是全國(guó)性的統(tǒng)考,走“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化〞的道路。 所謂“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化〞英語(yǔ)測(cè)試就是:〔1〕內(nèi)容和形式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;〔2〕評(píng)分的客觀性和一致性;〔3〕考試過(guò)程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 經(jīng)驗(yàn)2:做選擇題時(shí),不要漏題 沒(méi)把握的和不會(huì)的選項(xiàng),不要空。但不要任意地選擇。集中A、B、C、D中某一個(gè)選項(xiàng),尤其是你選擇得比擬少的那個(gè)選項(xiàng),把它用黑線劃出。 二、考前的準(zhǔn)備 在統(tǒng)考前,同學(xué)應(yīng)做思想上和技術(shù)上的準(zhǔn)備。 1. 思想上
3、的準(zhǔn)備:應(yīng)樹(shù)立通過(guò)的信心。同時(shí)排除僥幸心理。 在考前有方案地,有重點(diǎn)地復(fù)習(xí)某些考試工程,能在短期內(nèi)在成績(jī)上有較快的提高,是完全有可能的。保證到達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)線是考前準(zhǔn)備的最低目標(biāo)。為了到達(dá)這個(gè)目標(biāo),就要把主要時(shí)間花在分項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練上。 2. 技術(shù)上的準(zhǔn)備。 (1) 備一本簡(jiǎn)易通俗的語(yǔ)法書(shū)。 (2) 備一本相當(dāng)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)水平的詞匯手冊(cè)。 (3) 準(zhǔn)備一些水平適宜的閱讀材料。 (4) 備一本中級(jí)的有例句的英漢字典??荚嚥荒芸侩娮釉~典。 (5) 備一本簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)日??谡Z(yǔ)對(duì)話教材。 (6) 考前按正式考試的程序,做幾套模擬題。 聽(tīng)力技巧: 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)〔A〕的統(tǒng)考中聽(tīng)力理解局部,分值是20分,占
4、1/5的比重。如何提高聽(tīng)力水平,特別是提高聽(tīng)力考試的分?jǐn)?shù)呢?從下面三個(gè)方面談這個(gè)問(wèn)題: 1. 為什么錯(cuò)了? 2. 最常見(jiàn)的聽(tīng)力試題類型。 3. 如何準(zhǔn)備聽(tīng)力考試的 Section A、 Section B 和 Section C? 一、為什么錯(cuò)了 學(xué)生參加聽(tīng)力考試結(jié)果往往有三種: 聽(tīng)懂了,題也答對(duì)了,但不是每道題都能到達(dá)這樣的狀態(tài); 聽(tīng)懂了一些內(nèi)容,但對(duì)整體根本上沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂; 自認(rèn)為聽(tīng)懂了,但是題還是答錯(cuò)了。 第一種情況:聽(tīng)懂了,題也答對(duì)了,但不是每道題都能到達(dá)這樣的狀態(tài)。 考生聽(tīng)懂了每一個(gè)詞;錄音內(nèi)容都理解了;試題選項(xiàng)也比擬好理解;答題時(shí)心態(tài)較好、胸有成竹。但并非每道題都有
5、這種感覺(jué)。原因在于:一套聽(tīng)力題中總會(huì)有比例地安排不同難度的試題,在多數(shù)聽(tīng)力題都答對(duì)的前提下,個(gè)別沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂,屬正?,F(xiàn)象。 第二種情況:聽(tīng)懂了一些內(nèi)容,但對(duì)整體根本上沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂。 這需要考生平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)聽(tīng)力的訓(xùn)練,把聽(tīng)力納入到學(xué)習(xí)的方案中來(lái)。如果多數(shù)題聽(tīng)不懂,單靠聽(tīng)考試技巧輔導(dǎo),是不切實(shí)際的想法。 當(dāng)然,有些語(yǔ)言識(shí)別能力還是有用的,也能答對(duì)題。比方下面這道題: A. 23 years old B. 27 years old C. 33 years old D. 43 years old 這道題,馬上你可以判斷一定是問(wèn)年齡。如果你聽(tīng)懂了年齡是多少,不用聽(tīng)懂問(wèn)什么,也沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂錄音里
6、講什么,只相應(yīng)地答上年齡就可。但是,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)〔B〕已經(jīng)不是這類試題了,每一道試題都是精心設(shè)計(jì),而且都經(jīng)過(guò)考前預(yù)考,設(shè)定了試題的難度,這種偶然性的答對(duì)聽(tīng)力試題的情況,在考試中是沒(méi)有任何意義的。 第三種情況:自認(rèn)為聽(tīng)懂了,但是題還是答錯(cuò)了。 產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因有以下三種: 1〕由于上一個(gè)聽(tīng)力題沒(méi)答好,腦子還在考慮如何選擇答案。這時(shí)下一句的錄音已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。本來(lái)可以聽(tīng)懂的,也被影響了。解決這種問(wèn)題的方法很簡(jiǎn)單;就是勇于舍去上一題,專心聽(tīng)下一題。這是心理轉(zhuǎn)變的訓(xùn)練,可以在復(fù)習(xí)階段,做模擬題,訓(xùn)練勇于舍題的心理素質(zhì)。 2〕有個(gè)別詞沒(méi)真正聽(tīng)懂,特別是關(guān)鍵的詞,影響了對(duì)整個(gè)意思的理解。特別是當(dāng)聽(tīng)到的詞
7、與另一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)音相近,考生按照不正確的詞來(lái)理解,形成很合理的解釋。 比方: kill 和 cure 是兩個(gè)完全不同的詞??墒侨绻浺糁兄v話人說(shuō)話很快,加上后面的搭配,會(huì)形成顯得合理的意義。kill a man \ cure a man 一個(gè)是殺死一個(gè)人, 一個(gè)是醫(yī)好了一個(gè)人。如果考生沒(méi)有從整體上去理解意義,只是從局部上認(rèn)為聽(tīng)懂了。就會(huì)很自信地判斷,結(jié)果整個(gè)意思被誤解了。這種錯(cuò)誤的產(chǎn)生是很普遍的。 聽(tīng)力考試不是考聽(tīng)懂沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂幾個(gè)詞,而是聽(tīng)懂沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂整句的意思。一定要從整句意思的邏輯性和合理性進(jìn)行判斷。 3〕 自己認(rèn)為聽(tīng)懂了,但是中了選項(xiàng)設(shè)的圈套,結(jié)果不是不知如何解題,要不就是自認(rèn)答對(duì),結(jié)果還是
8、錯(cuò)了。 二、最常見(jiàn)的聽(tīng)力試題類型 試題中最常見(jiàn)的圈套: 陷阱1: 用同義詞 例:Mr Li gets along well with others. 問(wèn):Is he very sociable? (他是不是善于交際?) 而 get along well with others 和 sociable 是同義詞。 陷阱2:反問(wèn)法 例:Mr. Li is busy all day. 問(wèn):Is he free in all day?(他是不是整天都有空?) 而 Busy 和 free 是反義詞。 陷阱3:用假設(shè)情況 例:If I had been angry, I woul
9、dn't have helped her. 問(wèn):Was he angry? (他是不是生氣了?) 考生聽(tīng)到了angry ,并沒(méi)理解假設(shè)條件的含義,結(jié)果很自信地選擇了angry。 陷阱4:給多個(gè)和數(shù)字有關(guān)的信息,答案要求計(jì)算 例:She graduated from college in 1998. Three years later she went back to school to study in the master degree program. 問(wèn):When did she go back to study?(她哪一年開(kāi)始攻讀碩士研究生?) 陷阱5:用聽(tīng)力測(cè)試考生詞匯
10、或短語(yǔ) 例:May I deposit some money? 問(wèn):Where does this conversation probably take place? 如果對(duì) deposit (存款)這個(gè)詞不熟悉,這個(gè)問(wèn)題就很難答對(duì)了。 熟悉了上面這五種聽(tīng)力試題命題的“陷阱〞,可以有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備:比方預(yù)演考試的程序、預(yù)習(xí)考試可能出現(xiàn)的題目以及熟悉考試選擇項(xiàng)的出題思路和規(guī)律。 三、如何準(zhǔn)備聽(tīng)力考試 1、 Section A 局部的準(zhǔn)備 熟悉不同類型的對(duì)話。 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是:不要把考試技巧復(fù)雜化。如果把聽(tīng)力試題劃分過(guò)細(xì),花時(shí)間記復(fù)雜的考試技巧,反而干擾了聽(tīng)力本身的復(fù)習(xí),也是與學(xué)
11、習(xí)考試技巧的初衷相違背的。 熟悉常用的生活對(duì)話 聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)不懂的一個(gè)原因是談話內(nèi)容不熟悉。又由于在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力試題中有大量西方文化中的生活內(nèi)容,這些場(chǎng)景所設(shè)及的詞匯和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式不能單靠聽(tīng)力練習(xí)來(lái)復(fù)習(xí),而是要與日常短小的口語(yǔ)對(duì)話結(jié)合起來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)。 熟悉 Section A 局部的提問(wèn)方式 在 Section A 局部,考生拿到的試卷時(shí)首先見(jiàn)到的是試題的選擇項(xiàng),但從選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容就可以判斷問(wèn)題將是 who, whom, when, where, how, 還是 why??蠢}: Example 1 A. They are shopping in a supermarket. B. They are
12、making a shopping list. C. They are traveling by train. D. They are preparing for a trip. 從選擇項(xiàng)可以看出,問(wèn)題一定是問(wèn) What are they doing? 答案是 D. They are preparing for a trip. Example 2 A. 16 B.13. C.15. D.14. 問(wèn)題肯定是問(wèn) How many? 這道題是要經(jīng)過(guò)一翻思索才能答對(duì)的題。 女士講:“If George doesn't come to dinner,
13、 we'll have 13.〞 但是 George 是被邀請(qǐng)的,女士只是說(shuō)他要是不來(lái)的話,而沒(méi)有說(shuō) George 已經(jīng)明確講不來(lái)了。所以女士的這段話告訴我們,有 George 再加13個(gè)人,共14個(gè)人要來(lái)。 男士講:“Let's invite two more just in case.〞“以防萬(wàn)一,咱們?cè)俣嘌?qǐng)兩個(gè)人。〞14個(gè)加2個(gè)人,一共是16個(gè)人。答案是A. 16??忌俅痤}時(shí),誤認(rèn)為 George 不來(lái)了,13 + 2 一共是15人。這就是上了圈套了,必須十分小心。 Example 3 A. He lent her an extra pen. B. He offered h
14、er a pencil. C. He said he didn't have any extra ink. D. He was afraid of losing his pencil. 乍看選項(xiàng),很難明確判斷問(wèn)題問(wèn)什么,但肯定是問(wèn)男士要做什么。 問(wèn)題問(wèn)男士是如何回應(yīng)的。男的說(shuō)了兩個(gè)內(nèi)容;一是;“I don't have an extra one.〞 他沒(méi)有多余的鋼筆。但是他又說(shuō);“Would a pencil do?〞給你鉛筆用行嗎?試題中的選項(xiàng)C會(huì)是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng),這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是:“He said he didn't have any extra ink.〞正好女士談話中也講到了“out
15、 of ink〞。考生很容易誤解為 He said he didn't have any extra ink. 正確答案應(yīng)是: B. he offered her a pencil. Example 4 A. About 12 o'clock. B. About 2 p.m. C. Late in the evening. D. Early in the next morning. 這一題肯定在問(wèn) When ? 男士說(shuō) “It's noon by my watch.〞 現(xiàn)在是中午12點(diǎn)?!癐 can have it done in a couple of hour
16、s.〞 我再大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)就好了。那么,正好是下午2點(diǎn)。 正確答案是 B. About 2 o'clock. 2. Section B 局部的準(zhǔn)備 Section B是一段長(zhǎng)的對(duì)話。其實(shí)是幾個(gè)來(lái)往問(wèn)答的組合。由于試題中問(wèn)題的排列是按照談話先后順序出現(xiàn)的,考生在錄音還在朗讀 Section B Direction 的時(shí)候,應(yīng)迅速瀏覽5個(gè)問(wèn)題,在頭腦中形成一個(gè)預(yù)期概念:自問(wèn):是什么人?在什么地方?談 論什么事?什么時(shí)間?為什么?這種預(yù)期概念就會(huì)在錄音播放的過(guò)程中一一地得以解開(kāi)??忌涂梢栽谠囶}上作出標(biāo)記。但由于放第一遍錄音時(shí)會(huì)有遺漏,放第二遍錄音時(shí)就要仔細(xì)核對(duì)、補(bǔ)充。 例題: 1.Wha
17、t's the relationship between the two persons? 2.What does the man ask the woman to do? 3.What kind of restaurant is in the neighborhood? 4.Where is the post office nearby? 5.How far is the Italian restaurant from the place the man lives in? 在聽(tīng)錄音時(shí),一邊聽(tīng),一邊按照這五個(gè)問(wèn)題的順序去尋找答案。第一遍不看四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只是先形成一個(gè)印象。 聽(tīng)過(guò)第一
18、遍后,根本上五個(gè)問(wèn)題都明白了。但是為了更準(zhǔn)確起見(jiàn),在聽(tīng)第二遍的時(shí)候,再核實(shí)一遍。 1.What's the relationship between the two persons? A. Neighbors. B. Classmates C. Friends. D. Colleagues 2.What does the man ask the woman to do? A. Turn her radio down. B. Turn her stereo down C. Turn her CD player down. D. Turn her TV dow
19、n. 3. What kind of restaurant is in the neighborhood? A. Chinese. B. American. C. Italian. D. Japanese. 4. Where is the post office nearby? A. Next to the post office. B. Next to the Italian restaurant. C. Next to the Italian cinema. D. Next to the railway station. 5. How far is the Ital
20、ian restaurant from the place the man lives in? A. Three blocks. B. A couple of blocks. C. One block. D. A couple of miles. 3. Section C 局部的準(zhǔn)備 這一局部的聽(tīng)力材料是短文。所謂短文就是一個(gè)短小的有情節(jié)的故事,一般是很有趣的事情。語(yǔ)言比擬口語(yǔ)化,事情有頭有尾。特別是短文最后的結(jié)尾局部都比擬出乎意料。這種短文一般都是敘事性的,有時(shí)間,有人物。 建議在備考階段多讀一些類似的小短文,目的就是訓(xùn)練自己聽(tīng)長(zhǎng)篇章節(jié)的能力,另外可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量。詞匯
21、量小也是影響聽(tīng)力的因素。 交際用語(yǔ)技巧: 交際用語(yǔ)局部的試題以對(duì)話的形式出現(xiàn),測(cè)試考生掌握日常生活常見(jiàn)情景中的根本交際用語(yǔ)的能力。 交際用語(yǔ)試題在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中很少見(jiàn)到。所以在準(zhǔn)備統(tǒng)考時(shí),有必要重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一下。 復(fù)習(xí)交際用語(yǔ)需要做以下準(zhǔn)備工作: 1.備一本簡(jiǎn)單的中級(jí)口語(yǔ)書(shū)。 2.復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中功能性的用語(yǔ),如:?jiǎn)柡蛘Z(yǔ)、感謝語(yǔ)、抱歉、接受、拒絕等。 3.熟悉西方社會(huì)生活中常見(jiàn)的情景對(duì)話,如:打 、購(gòu)物、問(wèn)路、借東西、銀行等等。 4.熟悉西方社會(huì)人們交際的根本禮節(jié)。 例題一: — What can I do for you? — ____________________.
22、 A. I want a kilo of apples B. You can go your own way C. Thanks D. Excuse me. I'm busy 這題的答案是 A. I want a kilo of apples 為什么是A呢?對(duì)話的第一句是 What can I do for you ? 這是一句典型的“效勞行業(yè)〞用語(yǔ),在不同的情景中可以理解為不同的意思: 在商店里就是:“你買什么?〞 在其他公共場(chǎng)合就是:“我能幫您做什么?〞 這里的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中B C D選項(xiàng)即不是希望對(duì)方為自己作什么,也不是要買什么。只有A的答復(fù)是“要買一公斤蘋(píng)果。〞
23、只有A與所給的問(wèn)題組成了一段意思合理,又符合邏輯的對(duì)話。所以A是正確答案。 例題二: — Do you mind telling me where you're from? — _____________________. A. Certainly. I'm from London. B. Sure. I was born in London. C. Not really, you can do it. D. Certainly not. I'm form London. Do you mind ? 句型,答復(fù)時(shí): 如果是肯定的如,yes, certainly
24、那就是我在意,請(qǐng)你不要做什么 如果自己不在意,回容許該是: No, not at all. 這道題的干擾因素是:A B D 都答復(fù)了 I'm from London. 或 I was born in London. 它們都答復(fù)了 Where are you from? 這個(gè)提問(wèn)。這說(shuō)明這三個(gè)答復(fù)前面的用語(yǔ)是正確與否的關(guān)鍵。A B 一個(gè)用了 Certainly 一個(gè)用了 Sure 。肯定的答復(fù),它違反了英語(yǔ)答復(fù) Do you mind? 這類問(wèn)題的習(xí)慣。只有 Certainly not. I'm from London. 是正確答案。 例題三: — Do you think I coul
25、d borrow your dictionary? — _____________________. A. Yes, you may borrow. B. Yes, go on. C. Yes, help yourself. D. It doesn't matter. 對(duì)方問(wèn)“我能借你的字典嗎?〞 四個(gè)答復(fù)都好象是肯定的答復(fù),看不出又什么不對(duì)。但是如果理解了每一個(gè)答復(fù),就能分辨出哪一個(gè)是最適宜的答復(fù)。 A. you may borrow. 你可以借。 B. go on 請(qǐng)繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)什么呢?不清楚。D.It doesn't matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。這個(gè)答復(fù)好象對(duì)方作
26、錯(cuò)了什么事。 C. Yes, help yourself. 自己動(dòng)手〔等于說(shuō):拿吧〕所以C是正確答案。 從上面三個(gè)例子,我們是不是可以總結(jié)出下面的幾條規(guī)律: 交際用語(yǔ)的答案不是明顯的對(duì)錯(cuò)問(wèn)題,它是是否符合口語(yǔ)習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題。答題時(shí),不是尋找錯(cuò)誤,而是判斷語(yǔ)言的使用是否標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 要熟悉各種情景的對(duì)話用語(yǔ),這樣可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi),判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和場(chǎng)景。 要熟悉西方人們?nèi)粘5慕浑H習(xí)慣,禮貌規(guī)那么。這里所說(shuō)的人們交往的交際習(xí)慣應(yīng)該是西方文化中的習(xí)慣,而不是我們東方文化中,特別是我們自己生活中習(xí)慣了的交往方式。 這里特別提醒大家注意:我們是在說(shuō)英語(yǔ),不是用英語(yǔ)的句型套用漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。比方在中國(guó),當(dāng)人
27、們夸獎(jiǎng)我們英語(yǔ)講得不錯(cuò)的時(shí)候,我們會(huì)很謙虛地答復(fù):“講得不好,還得好好學(xué)習(xí)。〞但是,這個(gè)答復(fù)不同于西方文化中的習(xí)慣。在英語(yǔ)里,我們就會(huì)答復(fù):“Thank you.〞表示感謝。在交際用語(yǔ)中,考生應(yīng)該選擇符合西方文化的語(yǔ)言,特別注意 Thank you和Sorry 的使用。 下面是交際用語(yǔ)的一些參考的范圍: 1.功能性的日常用語(yǔ) 2.日常情景對(duì)話 a. 問(wèn)候與應(yīng)答 a. 約會(huì) b. 介紹 b. 打 c. 辭別
28、 c. 問(wèn)路 d. 感謝與應(yīng)答 d. 問(wèn)訊事物 e. 請(qǐng)求幫助與應(yīng)答 e. 天氣 f. 提供幫助與應(yīng)答 f. 交通 g. 祝愿與應(yīng)答 g. 購(gòu)物 h. 抱歉與應(yīng)答 h. 就餐 i. 邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答 i. 旅游 j. 時(shí)間與日期
29、 j. 健康 k. 表示個(gè)人意見(jiàn) k. 學(xué)校生活 l. 表示個(gè)人心情和態(tài)度 l. 家庭生活 以上內(nèi)容的具體語(yǔ)言素材可在語(yǔ)言重點(diǎn)中找到。 閱讀理解技巧: 一、與聽(tīng)力策略一樣,外語(yǔ)閱讀策略都要求學(xué)生不斷進(jìn)行假設(shè)、預(yù)言與推斷。 即閱讀一篇文章時(shí),讀了第一句就會(huì)對(duì)下面要講的事有一種期待,根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系和現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)推斷下面會(huì)講什么。 比方:我們讀到一句話:Yesterday he didn't come to school,下面是什么呢?下面肯定講的是“
30、because〞講他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)學(xué)校。 可是,當(dāng)所讀的篇章如果是生疏的,是我們沒(méi)有涉獵的領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候。我們就很難預(yù)測(cè)了。 這說(shuō)明什么問(wèn)題嗎?也就是說(shuō):閱讀材料是我們熟悉的,哪怕較長(zhǎng)我們也不覺(jué)得難。如果閱讀材料生疏,讀起來(lái)就如同爬山。那怕沒(méi)什么生詞,也費(fèi)解。 所以,要提高閱讀能力,就要“廣泛閱讀與‘閱讀理解局部’內(nèi)容相近的讀物。〞要開(kāi)闊閱讀題材、題材的面。在中級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段,主要集中在人文類的篇章:社會(huì)生活、名人軼事、歷史創(chuàng)造、自然現(xiàn)象、人際關(guān)系、等等。 二、詞匯是閱讀的根底。 多年來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明,在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四種語(yǔ)言技能中,詞匯與閱讀的相關(guān)度最大。影響考生閱讀速度的主要原因是詞匯
31、量不夠。 為了提高閱讀理解的速度,考生應(yīng)在平時(shí)注意擴(kuò)大詞匯量,把閱讀篇章作為學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要內(nèi)容。在我國(guó),有些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者把學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)上,以為把語(yǔ)法學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)就好了。這是一種誤解。語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,對(duì)于理解英語(yǔ)的句子和篇章的上下文關(guān)系都是非常重要的。但是,僅僅學(xué)好語(yǔ)法而忽略了語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)影響詞匯量的擴(kuò)大。 另外,有些學(xué)生做閱讀理解局部的題目。讀完了,題也做了。對(duì)過(guò)答案后就開(kāi)始讀另一篇。這種滿足于答案正確的做法使學(xué)生忽略了讀書(shū)這個(gè)根本的目的。同學(xué)們都有這樣的體會(huì)。題也作了,答案也對(duì)過(guò)了。但是閱讀材料中講的到底是什么,讀過(guò)之后沒(méi)有任何印象。如果把閱讀材料要當(dāng)作精讀來(lái)學(xué)習(xí),
32、文章讀過(guò)了,詞匯量擴(kuò)大了,語(yǔ)感增強(qiáng)了。不僅閱讀水平提高、詞匯擴(kuò)大、對(duì)完型填空的做題水平也會(huì)提高。 三、影響考生理解意思的主要原因是只注意了單句的理解而忽略了整篇的理解,或只注意了文字外表上的意思而忽略了深層含義及隱含意思的理解。 對(duì)篇章的理解建立在對(duì)句子之間和段落之間邏輯關(guān)系正確的判斷。首先,應(yīng)掌握文章所表達(dá)的主題思想和作者的態(tài)度。讀者必須理解文章主張什么,不主張什么,作者支持什么,不支持什么,作者外表上贊同什么,而實(shí)際上贊同的卻又是什么。讀者只理解單句的意思,不注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,文章真正的含義就無(wú)法搞懂??荚嚂r(shí),考試的題目往往讓考生選擇最正確選項(xiàng)添補(bǔ)所提的問(wèn)題。選擇答案時(shí)考生特別要
33、注意因果關(guān)系和順序關(guān)系。文章中沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案,而是需要通過(guò)對(duì)文章的理解進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)和推理才能得出。 閱讀理解局部的考試方法一般是兩種: 一種是先讀全文,再看問(wèn)題,答題。 一種是先讀問(wèn)題,事先形成一種閱讀內(nèi)容的梗概。然后再閱讀材料中找答案。找到即可。 總之,閱讀理解局部能夠“投機(jī)取巧〞答對(duì)題的機(jī)率并不高。應(yīng)當(dāng)重視平時(shí)積累,多看多讀,扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地把閱讀水平提上去。 英國(guó)偉大的哲學(xué)家培根在他著名的散文“Of Studies〞論讀書(shū)一文中講“讀書(shū)足以怡情,足以博彩,足以長(zhǎng)才……讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)……讀史使人明智,讀詩(shī)使人靈秀〞 我們應(yīng)該把閱讀當(dāng)作提高英語(yǔ)水平的基石來(lái)看待。 詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧:
34、 在此主要介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育與現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育考試有可能出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法測(cè)試重點(diǎn)。 1.倒裝句 ①. 以only 和not only, but also 開(kāi)頭的句子。 例:Only in this way can we learn English well. 〔注意:can we learn是個(gè)局部倒裝形式〕。 例:Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away. 〔注意but后的正常語(yǔ)序〕 ② 以否認(rèn)詞no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 開(kāi)頭的句子。 例:Nowhere e
35、lse can you find such good quality furniture. 例:Never before have I ever been so happy. 例:So little ____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A.did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I known 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)式 例:It is because she is very devoted to her student ________ sh
36、e is respected by them. A.that B. which C. what D. who It is something (that) 而不是(which) It is Mr. Li (who) … 3.定語(yǔ)從句 例:The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise. A. whom B. whoever C.who D. of whom 例: ____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a
37、 substitute. A. It B. That C. What D.As 4.名詞從句 名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞是“what〞 ,從句中的語(yǔ)序有變化,不同于正常語(yǔ)序?!皐hat〞代替了句中某個(gè)“事或物〞,而這個(gè)“事或物〞(名詞)那么被省略。(we once considered “something〞 as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) 〔從句作主語(yǔ)〕has now become reality. 例: ________ was not the way
38、the event happened. A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported C. What did the press report D.What the press reported 例: Air, or ____ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth. What引導(dǎo)的從句可作主語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)的從句只能修飾名詞,作定語(yǔ),而且放在被修飾詞的后面。 5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 推測(cè)句 must be / must be doing / mus
39、t have done 表示的是一種推測(cè)性的句子。 must be 一定是, must be doing 一定在做什么 must have done 一定做過(guò)什么。 Who’s there? It must be Tom. 誰(shuí)在那兒?一定是湯姆。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. would + have done 表示本可以做而未做的意思。 I would have joined you if I had time. 如果我有時(shí)間,我就會(huì)跟你們一起去了。 這句話要求選but后的句子。But 是講他為什么
40、沒(méi)去的原因。原因當(dāng)然是“我不喜歡他那伙人〞。 company 一伙人、伙伴。 例:Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now. 98 A. must have received B.must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive 對(duì)事情做一個(gè)判斷。 6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣 非真實(shí)條件句〔虛擬語(yǔ)氣〕,還有其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。是必考的工程。 例:I'd _______ you didn't
41、touch that, if you don't mind. A.rather B. better C. happier D. further I'd = I would would ,這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一個(gè)重要符號(hào)。 如:I would rather somebody did. 例: The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had B. would have C.have D. was going to have 又如
42、:It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did. 該干什么了。 例:He talks as if he ________everything in the world. A. knows B.knew C. had known D. would have known 例:I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D.had
43、 spoken I wish sb were would do had done 例:The driver might have ______the accident if he had had his headlights on. A. missed B.avoided C. stopped D. dismissed 7.分詞 _______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B.Feeling C. Being felt
44、D. To feel 8.獨(dú)立主格:當(dāng)伴隨的情況中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),伴隨情況從句要: ①帶有邏輯上的主語(yǔ),②邏輯主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)局部不同于一般的動(dòng)詞,而使用分詞(-ing 或-ed)。③不要連詞。 比擬:Because my mother is sick, I cannot attend the conference. My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference. Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference. My arm
45、 injured, I cannot attend the conference. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B.It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late 〔時(shí)間已晚〕,我們決定立即動(dòng)身,因?yàn)槲覀儾幌脲e(cuò)過(guò)這班公交車。 題中原句的意思是: it is pretty late, …
46、…用來(lái)說(shuō)明我們?yōu)槭裁匆⒓磩?dòng)身的理 由,有三種方法表達(dá)這種意思: ① 用原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to … ② 分兩句講:It is pretty late. We decided to … ③ 用獨(dú)立主格:It (指時(shí)間) being pretty late, we decided to … 9. 帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞 例:Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, ________ sh
47、e belonged. A. which B. to where C.to which D. at which 例:The investigation, ________ will soon be published, was made by john. A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whose results D. at whose results 10.主謂一致: 所謂主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)相一致。這句要求的是動(dòng)詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)要與主語(yǔ)匹配。如下面幾種情況: ① 用a
48、nd 連詞是復(fù)數(shù): Mary and Larry are … ② 用or, either … or…, neither … nor …時(shí),隨or/nor后面的詞而定。這被稱作就近原那么。Neither he nor we are … 出現(xiàn)together with 和as well as 的短語(yǔ)時(shí),不要管它,要以主語(yǔ)而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to the movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to …。 11.將來(lái)完成時(shí): 時(shí)間信號(hào)是
49、by + 將來(lái)的時(shí)間, 主句中用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married. By the year 2021 China will have hosted the Olympic Games. 過(guò)去完成時(shí): 時(shí)間信號(hào)是by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間,主句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 By the time when we got there, everything had been sold out. By the end of 1989 I had finish
50、ed my studies in college. By next year he __________ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked 〔到明年〕,他就〔將〕在紐約〔住滿了〕五年了。 以介詞by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間,往往用完成時(shí)。by 2021, by the end of next year, by then, by the end of 1992等等。 英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧: 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(A)的寫(xiě)作要求: 時(shí)間:3
51、0分鐘 字?jǐn)?shù):不少于80詞的 文體:應(yīng)用文及一般的表達(dá)文、說(shuō)明文和議論文 要求:1. 語(yǔ)法、詞匯、拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。 2. 內(nèi)容切題,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),條理清楚; 3. 寫(xiě)作目的有針對(duì)性 目前重點(diǎn)介紹應(yīng)用文:寫(xiě)信、寫(xiě)電子郵件。 信件與電子郵件的格式: 信件與電子郵件的格式根本上可以統(tǒng)一,不必分得很細(xì)。那種嚴(yán)格意義上的英文信件格式,和所謂的信封如何書(shū)寫(xiě)隨著時(shí)代已經(jīng)冷淡了。 但是,根本的格式:稱呼、內(nèi)容、結(jié)束、祝愿、留名是必不可少的。 Dear Mr. John Brown, I have received your letter of May 15, asking me to fin
52、d a good Chinese- English dictionary for you. As a matter of fact, I have bought a very good dictionary for you already. It was compiled by a famous Chinese scholar. I'll send it to you through the post office soon. How is everything with you? Still working with your Ph D program in Harvard? How i
53、s everything going there in the United States, especially after 911? Recently, I've finished my college studies. But I have to pass a national standardizes English test before I can get my diploma. So, I'm busy preparing for the test. I hope everything will be O K for me. Best regards to you and
54、 your family. Yours sincerely, Liu Mei 信中每段第一行的第一個(gè)字不再向后縮進(jìn)幾格。這種叫做齊頭式。按照傳統(tǒng)的每段第一個(gè)字要向后縮近,也是目前流行的。兩種都是通用的。 寫(xiě)信、寫(xiě)電子郵件的語(yǔ)言: 語(yǔ)言用非正式語(yǔ)言,比擬口語(yǔ)化。 信件的根本內(nèi)容如下:稱呼、問(wèn)候、詳情、結(jié)束、祝愿、落款 1. 稱呼 Dear Mr. Liu, 男士 Dear Mrs. Li, 夫人 Dear Ms. Li, 女士〔不說(shuō)明婚姻狀況〕 Dear Miss L
55、i, 女士 〔未婚〕 Dear Xiao Li, 小李 Dear Sir, Dear Madam, 2. 問(wèn)候 Hi. How are getting along? How is everything with you? Haven't heard from you for a long time. I have received your letter. 3. 問(wèn)訊對(duì)方情況 Are you still studying in college? Are you working with IBM company? How is your family? Are
56、you married? Have you finished your studies in college? 4. 講述自己情況 I'm now working with a textile company. I'm now studying English in college. I am a student of the distance education college. I have moved to my new apartment. I got married recently. I'm pretty busy with my studies. Every
57、thing is Ok with me. Everything is so so. 5. 請(qǐng)求別人為你做什么 Could you … for me? Would you mind … (doing) for me? Is it convenient for you to …. For me? I really need … Could you do it for me? I hope you don't mind if I ask you to … 6. 邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方 I do hope you can come to my new home. I'd like to in
58、vite you to … Drop in when you are free. Drop me a line when you are free. May I invite you to come to my birthday party? 7. 有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的詞 English reading materials grammar book listening materials 〔聽(tīng)力材料〕 tapes reading materials graduate graduation pass examination Band 3 / 4 national English
59、exam 〔三 / 四級(jí)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考〕 My English is still poor. 〔英語(yǔ)挺差的〕 I have difficulties in listening. I am making progress. 8. 有關(guān)旅游的詞 I'll travel during the holidays. I have booked an air ticket. Could you arrange accommodation for me? Could you buy a train ticket for me? Are there any places of interest
60、〔旅游點(diǎn)〕in your city? Is the food there spicy〔辣〕? 9. 感謝 That's very kind of you to invite me. Thank you for everything you've done for me. 10. 祝愿 Best wishes! My best regards! Looking forward to seeing soon! Waiting for you earliest reply. 11. 結(jié)束 Love, (關(guān)系密切) Yours, Sincerely, Yours since
61、rely, 〔比擬正式〕 12. 落款 Your name 寫(xiě)作步驟 1. 審題: 明確要寫(xiě)什么 2. 構(gòu)思: 1〕給誰(shuí)寫(xiě),如何稱呼 2〕第一句說(shuō)什么 3〕事情如何表達(dá) 4〕結(jié)尾用什么詞 3. 打草稿 4. 確定格式,落筆 5. 檢查拼寫(xiě) 6. 檢查大小寫(xiě) 7. 檢查語(yǔ)法;時(shí)態(tài)、人稱 8. 檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn):句號(hào)、逗號(hào)、特別是問(wèn)號(hào) 9. 落款 語(yǔ)言重點(diǎn)講解: 第一局部 功能性的日常用語(yǔ) 1.問(wèn)候與應(yīng)答類日常用語(yǔ) How are you? How is everything with you? How are you getting on
62、? I'm fine, thank you. Just fine. Not bad, thank you. As usual. 例: 1. -- How are you getting along? -- Just fine, thank you. 2. -- How are you? -- Not very well. I've got a cold. 3. -- How is everything with you? -- As usual. 2.介紹類日常用語(yǔ) This is Mr. … May I introduce you to …
63、? Allow me to introduce … How do you do? Nice to meet you. Pleased to meet you. Hi, my name is … 例: 1. -- Hi, may I introduce you to Mr. Li? -- Nice to meet you. 2. -- This is Mr. Li. -- How do you do? 3. -- Let me introduce Mr. Li, our new president. -- Pleased to meet you. 3
64、.辭別類日常用語(yǔ) Sorry, I must be off. I'm afraid I must be going. I'm afraid I must go now. See you. See you later. 例: 1. -- Sorry, I must be leaving now. -- Are you already leaving? 2. -- I'm afraid I have to go. -- See you later. 3. -- I'm sorry I have to go now. -- Nice talking with you.
65、4.答謝與應(yīng)答類日常用語(yǔ) Thank you. Thanks a lot. That's very kind of you. Not at all. don't mention it. That's all right. My pleasure. You're welcome. 例: 1. -- You really helped me a lot. Thank you very much. -- It's my pleasure. 2. -- That's very kind of you. -- You're welcome. 3. -- I don't kno
66、w how I should thank you. -- don't mention it. 5.請(qǐng)求幫助與應(yīng)答類日常用語(yǔ) Could you do something for me? Do you mind doing something for me? I wonder if you could do something for me. Sure. Certainly. Of course. I'm sorry, but I have something else to do. 例: 1. -- Could you help me with this box? -- Certainly. 2. -- I wonder if you could carry this bag for me? -- With pleasure. 3. -- May I use your camera? --Sorry, but I have to use it myself. 6.提供幫助與應(yīng)答類日常用語(yǔ) What can I do for you?
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