廣東省中考英語 語法考點復習 介詞課件

介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示它后面的名詞或代詞同句中其它某個成分之間的關系。介詞在句中不能單獨使用，必須連用它的賓語即后面的名詞或代詞構成介詞詞組后才能作句子成分。如：in, on, across from, ever since, because of 等。(1)介詞的種類(2) 介詞短語考點一 表示時間的介詞 in表示月、季節(jié)、年、表示月、季節(jié)、年、世紀或泛指上午、下世紀或泛指上午、下午、晚上午、晚上(指在一段指在一段時間內時間內)in May, in winter, in 2014, in the twenty-first century, in the morning/afternoon/eveningat表示時刻、時間的某表示時刻、時間的某一點一點at 9:00, at noon, at night, at that time, at laston表示具體的某一天或表示具體的某一天或某一天的上下、午某一天的上下、午on Monday(morning), on a cold rainy dayduring在在期間期間during the summer holiday, during the examfor有有之久（表示經之久（表示經過了多長時間）過了多長時間）for two days, for a long timepast過了過了（時間）（時間）ten (minutes) six, a quarter past eighttill/until直到直到時時till/until 10:00, till/until midnightby不遲于不遲于，在，在之前之前by the end of, by thenat the end of在在末末at the end of this term,at the beginning of在開頭在開頭(開始的開始的時候時候)at the beginning of the meetingbefore在在以前以前before class, before Christmasafter在在之后之后after school, after 6:30since自從自從(表示從過表示從過去某個時間到現在去某個時間到現在)since 2012, since thenabout大約大約about 9:00 1、介詞in, on, at后接時間的用法詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第10組。 2、時間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌 年月周前要用in， 日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。 要說某日上下午， 用on換in才能行。 午夜黃昏用at， 黎明用它也不錯。 at也在時分前，說“差”用to, 說“過”要用past。( ) 1. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. A. on B. at C. in D. to( ) 2. I sometimes help my mom with her housework _ Saturdays. A. at B. in C. on D. to( ) 3. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea _ April 16, 2014. A. in B. on C. at D. for( ) 4. Some workers in that factory have to work _ night. A. at B. for C. with D. among考點二 表場所、方向的介詞 in在在里里(地點范地點范圍較大圍較大)In the United states, in Guangzhouat在在處處(較小的較小的范圍范圍)At the station, at the school gateon在在上上(有接觸有接觸面面)On the blackboard, on the desk在靠近在靠近的地的地方方On the left, on the rightabove 在在上上; 高于高于The plane flew above the clouds.over在在正上方正上方There is a bridge over the river.below 在在下方下方The radio says the temperature will be below zero.under 在在正下方正下方There is a dog under the tree.across from在在對面對面There is a bank across from our school.after在在后面后面The dog is running after a cat.against靠著靠著; 倚著倚著; 對抗對抗, 反對反對Look at the white piano against the wall.Many people are against building a zoo in town.into進入（有一定進入（有一定的方向）的方向）He hurried into the classroom.around 在在周圍周圍The earth moves around the sun.up向上，向高處向上，向高處The monkey climbed up the tree.behind在在后面后面They planted some trees behind their school.at the end of在在末梢末梢/盡盡頭頭Youll see the hospital at the end of the road.in front of在在前面前面There is a river in front of our school.in the middle of在在的中間的中間Mr. Li likes to stand in the middle of the classroom.near在在近旁近旁Excuse me. Is there a post office near here?opposite在在對面對面The book store is opposite the cinema.by/beside在在旁旁/附近附近(比比near近近)The boy is standing by/beside the window.among在（三者以上）在（三者以上）的之中的之中Among the mountains there is a beautiful village.between在在(兩者兩者)之間之間Lily is sitting between Lucy and Jack.past經過經過Remember to call me when you walk past my house.along沿著沿著Walk along the street.out of在在之外（有之外（有運動方向）運動方向）Dont look out of the window in class.across橫過橫過Go across the bridge.through貫穿；通過貫穿；通過Go straight through that door under the EXIT sign.for前往前往地方地方（表目的）（表目的）They will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.from從從起（表示起（表示起點）起點）We usually do sports from 7:00 to 7:30 in the morning.to到達到達地點或地點或方向方向Call me as soon as you get to Beijing.1. 介詞among, between的用法區(qū)別詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第5組。2. in front of與in the front of的用法區(qū)別詳見第42組。3. on 在的上面(與物體表面接觸) over 在的正上方；(不接觸物體表面)above在上方（不接觸物體表面） below 在下方, 是above的反義詞under 在下面 (是on, over的反義詞)4. in, on, to還可以用來表示兩地的位置關系in表示在某地范圍之內；to表示在某地范圍之外。如：China lies in the east of Asia and to the north of Australia. 中國位于亞洲的東部，澳洲的北邊。 而on表示與某地相鄰、接壤。如：Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古與中國北部接壤。它們的用法區(qū)別詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第43組。5. across與through的用法區(qū)別詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第22組。( ) 5. Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England. A. between B. with C. in D. under( ) 6. Well play basketball _ Class 3 tomorrow. A. over B. against C. to D. for( ) 7. Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花節(jié)桃花節(jié)) ? Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying _ them. A. in. B. among C. between D. through( ) 8. The moonlight is coming _ the window and the room looks more brighter. A. across B. into C. through D. over( ) 9. Taiwan lies _ the east of Fujian.A. on B. in C. to D. at( ) 10.The old man is a good swimmer, and even now he often swims _ Zhujiang River after supper. A. over B. through C. to D. across考點三 表方式的介詞as作為，當作作為，當作Mo Yan is famous as a writer.by用；由；乘用；由；乘坐坐This novel was written by Lu Xun.Li Lei often goes to school by bus.in用用(語言語言)；用；用什么材料什么材料Please say it in English./ Write in black in.with用（工具）用（工具）或方法或方法with a pen; with my eyes; with the teachers helplike與一樣與一樣He looks like his mother.on騎（車）；騎（車）；步行步行on a bike/car/bus; on footover通過通過(電波電波)She learns English over the radio.without沒有沒有Man cant live without water. by, with, in都可以表示“用”，但側重點有所不同。in強調用材料、語言 with 表示用工具、某物 by用方式、方法、手段如：The teacher is writing on the paper in red ink and the blackboard with a piece of chalk.My mother often go to work by bike. 它們的用法區(qū)別詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第19組；( ) 11. You can improve your English _ practicing more. A. by B. with C. of D. in( ) 12. Please write it _ your pen.A. byB. inC. atD. with( ) 13. The letter was written _ English.A.onB. byC. inD. with考點四 其它介詞 except與 besides except除之外（不包括），如： Everyone passed the exam except Tom. 除了湯姆，每個人都過了考試（湯姆一個人沒有過）about關于關于; 詢問情詢問情況況a speech about health; what/how aboutexcept /but除了除了Everybody except/but Jack is here. （Jack不在）不在）besides除了除了還有還有Besides English, we have eight subjects.（共九科）（共九科）of的的, 表示表示數量或種類數量或種類a map of China, a glass of water( ) 14. What language do you also speak _ English? French. But just a little. A. besides B. except C. beside( ) 15. All the students in Class One went to the cinema _ Li Ping. Why? Because he had a stomachache. A. besides B. except C. without D. besidebesides 除之外（還包括），如： Besides Mr Li, five teachers went to the meeting. 除了李老師，還有五個老師去開會了。（一共六個老師）它們的用法區(qū)別詳見本書第一模塊中考常用詞匯和短語用法辨析第27組?？键c五 介詞with的用法 1、表示“和，伴隨“，如： come with me 跟我來 She will travel to Paris with his family this summer vacation.2、表示“帶著，隨著”，如： with a smile on her face 她面帶微笑 with best wishes 致以美好的祝愿 with some flowers in her hands 手捧鮮花 with pleasure 樂意地，愉快地3、表示“被，用，以”，如: Cut it with a knife. 用刀把它切開。 The mountain is covered with snow all the year.4、表示“有，帶有” 如： some tea with milk 加奶的茶 a man with good manners 一個有禮貌的人( ) 16. A conversation _ a wise person is worth ten years study of books. A. for B. like C. with D. to( ) 17. _ all his pocket money, Dan bought a present for his mother on Mothers Day. A. With B. For C. By D. In( ) 18. What can I do for you? I hope I have a nice house _ a big garden. A. of B. with C. from D. about( ) 19. Whos that man _ sunglasses? Hes Jack Ding. Ive just got an autograph from him. A. on B. for C. of D. with( ) 20. Ann often helps me _ maths after school. A. for B. with C. on D. by考點六 兩組易混淆的介詞短語 1. in the tree與on the tree in the tree指外來的東西在樹上 如：a kite in the tree; a bird in the tree on the tree指長在樹上的東西如：some apples on the tree, some flowers on the tree2. in the wall與 on the wall in the wall 指鑲嵌在墻體里的, 如：a window in the wall on the wall 指緊貼墻面的如：some pictures on the wall; The blackboard in on the wall.考點七 常見介詞搭配 介介詞詞+名名詞詞at the end of 在在盡頭盡頭by bike/bus 騎單騎單車；乘公汽車；乘公汽on the phocne 用電話用電話to ones surprise使使驚驚訝的是訝的是at the foot of 在在腳下腳下in a hurry 匆匆忙地忙地at home 在在家家for example 例如例如in front of 在在前面前面at breakfast 在在吃早餐吃早餐on foot 步行步行in black 穿黑穿黑色衣服色衣服at once 立刻；立刻；馬上馬上in the end 最后；最后；終于終于in this way 用用這種辦法這種辦法at last 最后；最后；終于終于in/on time 及時，及時，按時按時in trouble 處處于困難中于困難中on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上without ones help沒有某人的幫助沒有某人的幫助with ones help在在的幫助下的幫助下形形容容詞詞+介介詞詞be angry with 生生氣氣be busy with 忙于忙于be bad for 對對有壞處有壞處be afraid of 害怕害怕be famous for 因因而出名而出名be good at 擅長擅長be covered with被被覆蓋覆蓋be famous as 作作為為而出名而出名be full of 被被充滿充滿be ready for 為為做好準備做好準備be filled with 被被充滿充滿be late for 遲遲到到be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴格對某人要求嚴格be pleased with對對感到高興感到高興be proud of對對感到驕傲感到驕傲/自豪自豪be strict in sth. 對某事要求嚴格對某事要求嚴格be worried about擔憂擔憂be different from與與不同不同be interested in對對感興趣感興趣be glad to do sth.高興做高興做be good for 對對有好處有好處動動詞詞+介介詞詞arrive in/at 到達到達get to 到達到達look at 看看regardas 把把當作當作think of 想起，認為想起，認為 wait for 等待等待agree with 同意同意hear from 收到收到來信來信look after 照顧，照料照顧，照料take care of 照顧，照料照顧，照料pay for 支付支付worry about 擔心擔心come from來自于來自于 laugh at 嘲笑嘲笑knock at 敲敲talk about 談論談論turn up/down調高調高/低低ask for 請求請求do/deal with 處理，處置處理，處置listen to 聽聽leavefor 離開離開去去spend on花費花費think about 考慮考慮play with 與與玩耍玩耍get on/off 上上/下車下車look for 尋找尋找preferto 寧可寧可,更喜歡更喜歡turn on/off 打開打開/關上關上talk to/with 與與交談交談knock into 撞倒撞倒中考中對介詞的考查主要集中在對介詞的基本用法和固定搭配上，側重考查在具體語境中用介詞有關的短語和句型的能力，題型有單項、完形填空和短文填空等。備考中要注意：1. 注重平時的積累，多記介詞用法、介詞短語、固定搭配和常用句型；2. 注意意義相關或相近的介詞辨析；3. 結合具體的情景準確使用。