中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 語法突破篇 專題十四 句子的種類課件

專題十四句子的種類專題十四句子的種類-2-3-4-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2陳敘句及疑問句 1.(2017天水中考)Dont you go to school by bike?.I walk to school every day.A.Yes,I dont B.No,I doC.Yes,I do D.No,I dont【解析】D考查否定一般疑問句。句意:你沒騎自行車上學(xué)嗎?不,我沒有。我每天步行去上學(xué)。事實(shí)上是肯定的用yes回答,事實(shí)上是否定的用no回答。根據(jù)答語可知,“我”不是騎自行車上學(xué)而是步行。故選D。-5-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)22.(2017白銀中考) have you stayed in this city?For more than 10 years.A.How far B.How soonC.How long D.How old【解析】C考查副詞短語辨析。how far多遠(yuǎn),常對距離、路程提問;how soon多久,對將來一段時(shí)間提問;how long 多久,多對一段時(shí)間提問;how old 多大,用來提問年齡。由答語“超過10年了?！笨芍獑柧鋵r(shí)間段進(jìn)行提問。故選C。-6-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)23.(2017隨州中考)Is the mobile phone new or old?.I bought it only two days ago.A.Its old B.Its newC.Yes,it isD.No,it isnt【解析】B考查疑問句。句意:這部手機(jī)是新的還是舊的?是新的,我只是兩天前買的。根據(jù)問句中的Is和or可知為選擇疑問句,不能用yes或no來回答,故排除C、D兩項(xiàng);結(jié)合答語中only two days ago可知強(qiáng)調(diào)手機(jī)是新的。故選B。-7-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)24.(2017濰坊中考) is it from your home to your school?It is about 10 minutes ride.A.How longB.How soonC.How far D.How often【解析】C考查特殊疑問詞。句意:從你家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)?騎車大約10分鐘。how long多久;how soon多久以后;how far多遠(yuǎn);how often多久一次。答語是距離,應(yīng)用how far提問“多遠(yuǎn)”。故選C。-8-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)25.(2017煙臺中考)?She is of medium height with two blue eyes.A.How is RitaB.What does Rita likeC.What does Rita look like D.How do you like Rita【解析】C考查疑問句辨析。句意:?她中等身高,藍(lán)眼睛。How is Rita?用于問狀況,意思是:Rita怎樣?What does Rita like?用于問喜好。意思是:Rita喜歡什么?What does Rita look like?用于詢問長相,意思是:Rita長的怎樣?How do you like Rita?用于詢問看法,意思是:你認(rèn)為Rita怎樣?答語是介紹長相的,問句應(yīng)是詢問長相的用語。故選C。 -9-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)26.(2017呼和浩特中考)He doesnt speak English or Japanese,?.He speaks Chinese.A.does he;Yes,he doesnt B.doesnt he;No,he doesC.does he;No,he doesntD.does he;Yes,he does【解析】C考查反意疑問句等及其答語。問句為一反意疑問句,主句為否定句,因此簡單問句應(yīng)為肯定形式;再結(jié)合答語中“他說漢語”,可知其不說英語和日語,因此第二個(gè)空白處應(yīng)作否定回答,故選C。-10-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)27.(2017上海中考)Do you know a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?I guess its about￥4,000.A.how fastB.how long C.how soon D.how much【解析】D考查疑問短語辨析。句意:你知道香港5日游花費(fèi) 嗎?我猜大約4000元。由答語中的about ￥4,000可知,上句應(yīng)是詢問價(jià)格。how fast多快,詢問速度;how long多長,詢問時(shí)間段;how soon多久,對將來的時(shí)間提問;how much多少(錢),詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量或金錢數(shù)目。故選D。 -11-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)28.(2017孝感中考) will you ask for help when you are in trouble?My parents,I think.A.Who B.WhatC.Where D.When【解析】A考查疑問詞辨析。who誰;what什么;where哪里;when什么時(shí)候。句意:你遇到困難時(shí)將向誰尋求幫助?我想是我的父母吧。表示“誰”用疑問詞who。故選A。-12-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)29.(2017鄂州中考)He didnt go to school late yesterday,did he?,though it rained hard yesterday.A.No,he didntB.Yes,he didnt C.Yes,he didD.No,he did【解析】A考查反意疑問句答語。句意:他昨天上學(xué)沒有遲到,是嗎?,盡管昨天雨下得很大。回答前否后肯類型的反意疑問句,肯定回答用yes(譯成“不”),否定回答用no(譯成“對”),但yes和no要譯成和字面漢語相反的意義。根據(jù)答語后半句though it rained hard yesterday可知,盡管昨天雨下得很大,他上學(xué)還是沒有遲到。應(yīng)用否定回答。故選A。 -13-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)210.(2017北京中考) did you stop playing?Because I was tired.A.How B.WhyC.WhenD.Where【解析】B考查特殊疑問詞的用法辨析。答語為“因?yàn)槲依哿??！笨芍暇涫菃栐颉Ｌ厥庖蓡栐~why就是對原因提問,故選B。-14-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2一、陳述句的用法陳述句常用來敘述一件事情或表明說話人的看法、態(tài)度等,有肯定和否定兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。其語序?yàn)橹髡Z在前,謂語在后,句末用句號?？隙ň渥兎穸ň鋾r(shí),若肯定句中含有be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞,只需在其后加not即可;若肯定句謂語動詞是行為動詞,則在行為動詞前加助動詞dont,doesnt或didnt。Man cant live without water.沒有水人類不能生存。She is not a teacher.她不是一名老師。He doesnt like driving.他不喜歡開車。-15-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2二、疑問句英語中的疑問句主要有四種,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。1.一般疑問句一般疑問句表示詢問事物或某種情況是否屬實(shí),需要對方給予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答,讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。Are you a doctor?你是醫(yī)生嗎?-16-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2【注意】一般疑問句通常用什么詞提問就用什么詞回答,但以下情況例外:用其他詞語代替yes或no來回答,從而使語氣變得客氣、委婉。Can you come and go to the park with me?Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.你能來和我一起去公園嗎?恐怕不行,我還有很多工作要做。-17-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2否定的一般疑問句通常是以be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞加not的縮略形式開頭,往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。Dont you hear of that?Yes,I do./No,I dont.你沒有聽說過那件事嗎?(表示驚訝)不,我聽說過。/是的,我沒有聽說過。對否定的一般疑問句作簡略回答時(shí)也用yes或no,但其漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。-18-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)22.特殊疑問句用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。一般用降調(diào),其回答不用yes或no。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組。(1)疑問代詞:可以對主語、表語、賓語提問,有what(對“事物”提問),who(對“人”提問),which(哪一個(gè)),whose(誰的),whom(對賓格“誰”提問)。Whom(Who)did you meet in the street yesterday?昨天你在街上遇見了誰?My classmate.我的同學(xué)。(2)疑問副詞:用于對狀語提問,有when(何時(shí)),where(何地),why(為什么)和how(怎么樣)等。Where are you from?你來自哪里?Im from China.我來自中國。-19-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(3)疑問詞組:有how many/much(多少),how old(多大年紀(jì)),how soon(多快;多久以后),how long(多長),how far(多遠(yuǎn)),how often(多久一次)等。How long have you lived in the city?你在這個(gè)城市住了多久?Five years.五年。-20-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)23.選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對方選擇一種進(jìn)行回答的疑問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,其回答不能用yes或no,而是就其選擇內(nèi)容直接回答,往往是一個(gè)完整的句子或其省略形式,其語調(diào)一般是前升后降?？煞譃橐话氵x擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句。(1)一般選擇疑問句:一般疑問句+or+被選擇的成分?Will you go to Paris this year or next year?你是今年還是明年去巴黎?Ill go there next year.我將在明年去。-21-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(2)特殊選擇疑問句:特殊疑問句+被選擇的成分(A)+or+被選擇的成分(B)?Which is bigger,London or Washington?London.倫敦和華盛頓,哪一個(gè)更大一些?倫敦更大一些。-22-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(B)1.(2017廣東三模)?Both look nice.Either will do.A.Do you prefer the blue tie to the yellow tieB.Which of the ties do you preferC.Do you prefer the blue tie or the yellow tieD.What color do you prefer your tie to be(A)2.Wang Xiaoli didnt go to school yesterday,did she?.Although she was ill.A.Yes,she didB.Yes,she didntC.No,she didntD.No,she did-23-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(C)3. will the plane arrive?In twenty minutes.A.How longB.How oftenC.How soonD.How much(C)4.Betty is from England,?A.isnt Betty B.is sheC.isnt sheD.is Betty(A)5.I dont think she can speak Japanese,?A.can sheB.cant sheC.can youD.do you(A)6. are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition,Amy?To learn about different styles of school uniform.A.Why B.WhereC.WhatD.Which-24-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(C)7.Tom,make bed before breakfast,?All right,Mum.A.dont youB.doesnt he C.will youD.do you(B)8. is it from your home to Wenchang Hill?Its about 2 kilometers.A.How longB.How far C.How soonD.How often(B)9.What does Mary look like?.A.Shes well B.Shes tall C.Shes a doctor D.She likes dancing(A)10. is the population of your city,Ben?Im not sure.But I know its getting now.A.What;largerB.What;moreC.How much;largerD.How much;more-25-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2祈使句和感嘆句 1.(2017廣東中考)Aamir Khan played the part of a great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love. excellent actor he is!A.What B.What aC.What anD.How【解析】C考查感嘆句。感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu):How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語!What+a/an+adj.+n.+主語+謂語!What+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!根據(jù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)actor可知用what;又excellent以元音音素開頭,應(yīng)用an。故選C。 -26-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)22.(2017達(dá)州中考) fine weather it is!Yes.Look! many people are walking around the park.A.What,SoB.How,So C.How,Such D.What a,So【解析】A考查感嘆句以及so和such的用法。第一句為感嘆句,根據(jù)中心詞weather為不可數(shù)名詞,可知其結(jié)構(gòu)為:What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!且so many/much/few/litttle是固定搭配。故選A。3.(2017隨州中考) important it is for kids to imagine freely!A.What B.HowC.How an D.What an【解析】B考查感嘆句。句意:讓孩子們自由地想象是多么重要啊!主謂部分為it is,故感嘆部分為 important,感嘆句中常用how修飾形容詞或副詞,故選B。 -27-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)24.(2017連云港中考) delicious food you served us tonight!Thank you very much!Im glad that you enjoyed it.A.How B.How aC.WhatD.What a【解析】C考查感嘆句。句意:今晚你給我們提供了多么美味的食物呀!非常感謝。我非常高興你喜歡它。對名詞感嘆用what,又food是不可數(shù)名詞,其前不加a或an。故選C。-28-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)25.(2017宿遷中考)Have you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?Yes. brave young man he is!A.How B.How aC.What D.What a【解析】D考查感嘆句。句意:你聽說了昨天晚上林濤從大火里救出他鄰居的事情嗎?聽說了。多么勇敢的人啊!題干中感嘆句的中心詞是名詞man,要用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句,man是可數(shù)名詞,用不定冠詞a。-29-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)26.(2017鹽城中考) fine weather it is!Lets go on a picnic!A.What a B.WhatC.HowD.How a【解析】B考查感嘆句用法。句意:多么好的天氣!讓我們?nèi)ヒ按栋?。感嘆句的兩種句型是:What(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語!或者How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語!該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分fine weather為adj.+n.,且weather 為不可數(shù)名詞,其前不可用冠詞a/an修飾,故選B。-30-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)27.(2017十堰中考)Ma Long won the mens singles final match at the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships. exciting news it is!A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【解析】A考查感嘆句。句意:在2017年世界乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽中馬龍?jiān)谀凶訂未驔Q賽中獲勝。多么激動人心的消息啊!主謂部分為it is,感嘆部分為名詞短語exciting news,且為不可數(shù)名詞,故用what修飾。故選A。-31-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)28.(2017西寧中考) excellent work you have done!Its very kind of you to say so.A.What B.HowC.What an D.How an【解析】A考查感嘆句。感嘆句有兩種基本句型:(1)What+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語!(2)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!本題的中心詞是名詞work,需用what引導(dǎo),因work為不可數(shù)名詞,其前不能加冠詞。故選A。9.(2017長沙中考) carefully,please!Look at the road sign.There is a school ahead.A.Drive B.To driveC.Driving【解析】A考查祈使句。句意:請認(rèn)真點(diǎn)!看那個(gè)路標(biāo),前面有個(gè)學(xué)校。祈使句以動詞原形開頭,故選A。-32-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)210.(2017永州中考)David, make trouble at school.A.cantB.dont C.doesnt【解析】B考查祈使句的用法。句意:大衛(wèi),不要在學(xué)校惹麻煩。根據(jù)語境知,本句應(yīng)是一種命令,這是一個(gè)祈使句,祈使句是用動詞原形開頭的,否定句用dont.。故選B。-33-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2一、祈使句祈使句是表示請求、命令、建議或勸告的句子。主語通常被省略,謂語動詞用原形,句尾用句號或感嘆號。1.祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)肯定的祈使句:以動詞原形開頭Put away your things.把你的東西收起來。Lets have another try.讓我們再試試。-34-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(2)否定的祈使句否定的祈使句有兩種:Dont+動詞原形。Dont let him go out.不要讓他出去。Lets+not+動詞原形。Lets not stay here.Its too cold.我們不要待在這兒。這兒太冷了。-35-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)22.祈使句中需要注意的一些情況(1)有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語氣,可以在動詞前加do,表示“務(wù)必,一定”。Do stop talking!請停止講話!(2)有時(shí)為了表示委婉語氣,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾時(shí)要用逗號隔開。Please sit down.=Sit down,please.請坐。(3)在意思較為明顯的情況下,可把謂語動詞省去。This way,please.請這邊走。(4)某些名詞、形容詞或副詞等后面加感嘆號,也可作為祈使句使用。Hands up!請舉手!-36-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2二、感嘆句感嘆句是用來表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂等強(qiáng)烈感情的一種句式,用how和what引導(dǎo)。how和what所修飾的詞放在其后,其他部分用陳述句語序。在口語中主語和謂語常省略。句末用感嘆號,朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句what作定語修飾名詞,名詞前可有其他修飾語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:(1)What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂語)!What a fine day (it is)!多么好的天氣啊!(2)What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+主語+謂語)!What big apples (these are)!這些是多么大的蘋果呀!(3)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!What fine weather (it is)!多好的天氣啊!-37-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)22.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(1)How+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語!How tall the girl is!那個(gè)女孩真高啊!How slowly he walks!他走得真慢啊!(2)How+主語+謂語!How time flies!時(shí)間過得真快呀!-38-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(C)1.(2017廣東一模)Please to lock the bike and leave it by the roadside so that others can use it.A.not forgetB.not to forget C.dont forget D.forget(A)2.(2017廣東二模)According to the news,a 105-year-old man from Taiwan is now studying for a doctors degree.Never its too late to learn.He has set us a good example.A.sayB.to sayC.saying D.said(A)3.(2017廣東一模) awful weather we are having!Weve never had rainy days.A.What;suchB.What a;such C.How a;soD.How;so-39-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(B)4.(2017廣東二模) it is to do a bungee jump!I have a fear of heights.A.How terrible B.How excitingC.What terrible D.What exciting(A)5.(2017廣東三模) big success our talent show was!All the performers gave a great show.A.What aB.What an C.HowD.What(D)6. amazing film they enjoyed on Christmass Eve!A.How B.WhatC.What a D.What an(B)7.Wow!Well give him a warm welcome then.A.What an excited newsB.How exciting the news isC.What an exciting newsD.How excited the news is-40-考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2(B)8. advice my teacher gave me!It has helped me a lot.A.What a usefulB.What useful C.How useful D.How a useful(D)9.Peter, play with the mobile phone while walking in the street.A.doesnt B.wont C.cant D.dont(D)10.“ exercise every day,my child.Its good for your health.” Father said to Mary.A.Takes B.To take C.Taking D.Take-41-【技巧1】 牢記固定句型簡單句的基本句型各有特色,例如:反意疑問句由“陳述句+簡單附加問句”構(gòu)成;感嘆句由what或how引導(dǎo);祈使句以動詞原形開頭等。考生要熟記簡單句的各種句型,積累一些經(jīng)典句型。根據(jù)句型特點(diǎn)解答有關(guān)試題?！镜淅肝?】 (2016臨沂中考) do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?Hardly ever.A.How often B.How longC.How many D.How much【解析】how often“多久一次”,對頻率提問;how long“多久”,對時(shí)間長短提問;how many“多少”,提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量;how much“多少”,提問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量或?qū)r(jià)格提問。由答語“Hardly ever.”可知對頻率提問。故選A。-42-【典例透析2】 (2016連云港中考) heavy the rainstorm is!Yes,the town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.A.How B.WhatC.How a D.What a【解析】考查感嘆句。中心詞是形容詞heavy,所以要用how引導(dǎo)。故選A。-43-【技巧2】 語境分析法解題過程中,考生要正確理解句意,根據(jù)語境,將答案帶入題干,然后做出正確選擇?！镜淅肝觥?2016廣東中考Tommy, play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.A.doB.dontC.must D.mustnt【解析】由后句“You may get hit by a car.”可判斷上一句是告誡湯米下次不要在街上打籃球了,要用否定的祈使句形式。在祈使句中,否定句以dont開頭。故選B。-44-1.Mr.Liu,there was nothing about Cross-border King of Comedy in todays newspaper,C?A.wasnt thereB.was heC.was thereD.was it2.Few people today educate the children about the value of empathy,D?A.does heB.doesnt he C.dont theyD.do they3.A exciting the news that the Chinese sports delegation(代表團(tuán)) won 26 gold medals at the Rio Olympics was!A.How B.How anC.WhatD.What an4.Listen,Lang Langs concert is on.C beautiful music!I enjoy it very much.A.How B.How anC.WhatD.What an-45-5.C are you looking for on the Internet?Information about Tiangong space experiment apparatus.A.WhereB.WhoC.WhatD.When6.Daniel,A play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street.A.dontB.doesnt C.wontD.cant7.D on the grass,or it will “cry”.A.To walkB.Not to walkC.Walk D.Dont walk8.A kind and helpful to the people around us,and we will make the world a nice place to live in.A.BeB.BeingC.To beD.Been9.C foggy day it is today!Something must be done to solve the haze problem.A.How B.WhatC.What a D.How a-46-10.Excuse me,sir.C is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?Well,only about five minutes walk.A.How oftenB.How longC.How far D.How soon