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1、題組2科普知識專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練A(2017河?xùn)|區(qū)一模河?xùn)|區(qū)一模)Do you ever wish for a little more time to do everything you need to do？Well，on July 1 youll be getting itbut only one more second.On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 a.m.Beijing time (or on June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Coordinated Universal Time)，the worlds atomic(原子的原子的)
2、clocks will pause for a single second，or，more precisely，change to the unusual time of 7：59：60，according to .The addition of a leap second(閏秒閏秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.Just
3、 one extra second could cause big problems and affect the way computers and websites work，however.When the last leap second was added back in 2012，more than a few websites had some trouble.As reported by Phys.org，popular sites like the community website Reddit crashed when the leap second was added.
4、For Reddit，the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second.Speaking to Wired about the problem back in 2012，Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented：“Almost every time we have a leap second，we find something.Its re
5、ally annoying，because its code(代碼代碼) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions.”Companies have had to think of their own solutions，and Googles “l(fā)eap smear” may be the best-known example.As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post，companie
6、s usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again.However，Pascoe believes this creates problems.He asked：“What happens？Does e-mail that comes in during that second get stored correctly？”Google has a solution：Cut the ex
7、tra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，”says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”For many companies without Googles
8、 money，however，the leap second will likely still cause some crashes.Dont worry，thoughat least it wont last long!語篇解讀語篇解讀本文主要介紹了本文主要介紹了“閏秒閏秒”帶來的影響及其解決方帶來的影響及其解決方案。案。1.Why do we need to add a leap second?A.The worlds atomic clocks are set to do so.B.To keep in time with the worlds computers.C.To keep
9、atomic clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation.D.To record the changes to astronomical time.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“The addition of a leap second(閏秒閏秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)) and astronomical time
10、 as measured by the sun.”可知，閏秒是可知，閏秒是由于地球自轉(zhuǎn)變慢引起的，為了與由太陽測量的天文時間一致由于地球自轉(zhuǎn)變慢引起的，為了與由太陽測量的天文時間一致而增加一秒，故選而增加一秒，故選C。答案解析231452.What happened to the website Reddit when the leap second was added in 2012?A.It crashed because of a virus attack.B.Its network time added two extra seconds.C.All of the code in it
11、s Linux system went wrong.D.One of its software systems got confused and the site broke down.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段中細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段中“the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second”可知，閏秒發(fā)生時，網(wǎng)站崩潰，運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)混亂，可知，閏秒
12、發(fā)生時，網(wǎng)站崩潰，運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)混亂，故選故選D。答案解析23145解 析 解 析 代 詞 指 代 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 五 段 中代 詞 指 代 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 五 段 中 “ w e f i n d something.Its really annoying，because its code(代碼代碼) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions”可知，可知，something指代后文出現(xiàn)的一些從沒指代后文出現(xiàn)的一些從沒使用過和測試過的代碼，即代碼不正常
13、地工作，故選使用過和測試過的代碼，即代碼不正常地工作，故選A。3.What does the underlined word “something” refer to in the 5th paragraph?A.The code not working properly. B.The extra second.C.The problem.D.Normal conditions.答案解析231454.How do companies usually deal with the problem of the extra second?A.By shutting down computers at
14、 the end of the day.B.By stopping receiving emails that come in during that second.C.By turning the clocks back by one second at the end of the day.D.By cutting the extra second into milliseconds throughout the day.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“companies usually try to fix the problem by turning back
15、 the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again”可知，解決額外可知，解決額外一秒的做法是在一天結(jié)束時將時鐘往回調(diào)一秒，故選一秒的做法是在一天結(jié)束時將時鐘往回調(diào)一秒，故選C。答案解析231455.Whats Christopher Pascoes attitude toward Googles solution to the problem?A.Unfavorable. B.Doubtful.C.Approving. D.Cautious.解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中推
16、理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，says Pascoe.Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”可知，午夜時分多一秒時，時鐘已經(jīng)可知，午夜時分多一秒時，時鐘已經(jīng)在白天將這一秒考慮在內(nèi)了，所以在白天將這一秒考慮在內(nèi)了，所以Pascoe認(rèn)同這個方法，故選認(rèn)同這個方法，故選C。答案解析23145B(2017和平區(qū)一模和平區(qū)一模)Soaping up yo
17、ur hands may do more than just get rid of germs.It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices，according to a new study.The study builds on past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth effect”.”.It turns out that Shakesp
18、eare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心良心) by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.A few years ago，scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act.If people were then given a chance to clean their hands，they later expressed less gui
19、lt than people who hadnt cleaned.This finding fascinated W.S.Lee，a researcher.“Anything from the past，any kind of negative emotional experiences，might be washed away，” says Lee.He decided to test hand washings effect on one kind of bad feeling：the tension we feel after being forced to choose between
20、 two attractive choices，because picking one choice makes us feel that weve lost the other.People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating(夸大夸大) the positive aspects of their choice.He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then he offered students one CD as a gift.Some student
21、s then used liquid soap.Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅嗅) it.“Actually，you do not need water and soap，” says Lee.Later，the students again had to rank all the music.People who didnt wash their hands had the normal responsethey scored their take-home CD higher，suggesting that they now saw
22、it as even more attractive than before.But this wasnt true for the hand washers.They ranked the music about the same.“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，” says Lee.But the implications of it just arent clear.Schwarz says its too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after ma
23、king a tough choice.He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder，but perhaps if they dont go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice，they might feel more sorrow in the long run.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文主要講述了用香皂洗手會幫助人們緩解作決定本文主要講述了用香皂洗手會幫助人們緩解作決定時的緊張與不安的情緒。時的緊張
24、與不安的情緒。解析解析推理判斷題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，人們在洗手后會感到推理判斷題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，人們在洗手后會感到良心上的愧疚感減輕，故選良心上的愧疚感減輕，故選A。6.The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that .A.people feel less ashamed after washing their handsB.soaping up ones hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decisionC.people feel less guilty by getting
25、 rid of invisible germs from their handsD.Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth答案解析7869107.According to Lee，after people make the choice .A.they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choiceB.they will feel regretful for not choosing anotherC.they will feel free due to the
26、feeling of losing the other choiceD.they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，在做出兩個選項(xiàng)的選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，在做出兩個選項(xiàng)的選擇后，人們通常會緊張不安，以夸大自己所選擇的事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)擇后，人們通常會緊張不安，以夸大自己所選擇的事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來使內(nèi)心平靜，故選來使內(nèi)心平靜，故選A。答案解析786910解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“They feel
27、 no need at all to justify the choice，says Lee.”可知選可知選B。8.According to Lee，those hand washers consider justifying their choice .A.more scientificB.unnecessaryC.a little convincingD.absolutely useless答案解析7869109.What does Schwarz need to research more?A.Whether people need to justify their choice.B.W
28、hether people feel more sorrow after washing hands.C.Whether washing hands help over a long period of time.D.Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過最后一段內(nèi)容可知，洗手從長遠(yuǎn)看是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過最后一段內(nèi)容可知，洗手從長遠(yuǎn)看是否有作用還需要更多的研究，故選否有作用還需要更多的研究，故選C。答案解析78691010.What might be the most suitable title for th
29、e passage?A.Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension?B.Washing Hands Washes Our MindC.Washing Hands Helps Make a Better ChoiceD.Washing Hands Reduces the Stress of Decision解析解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容以及整篇文章的介紹可知，標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容以及整篇文章的介紹可知，本文主要講洗手能夠減輕作決定的壓力，故選本文主要講洗手能夠減輕作決定的壓力，故選D。答案解析786910C(2017南開區(qū)三模南開區(qū)三模)Y
30、ou know the saying “Youre as young as you feel”.”.Well，there may be some truth in that，according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Ellen Langer，a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body，and her colleagues reviewed the scientific literat
31、ure for evidence that a persons perception of their age might influence their health.They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.In one study that Langer led,47 women had their hair done.The women who thought their new hairdos(發(fā)型發(fā)型) made them look younger did lo
32、ok younger to objective observers，who were shown before-and-after pictures.The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure.Another study involving 4,421 men found that those who became bald(禿頂禿頂) at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart diseas
33、e than men who did not.Similarly，another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease.“We believe that the feelings associated with being older than ones real age account for some of these health outcomes，” the researchers wrote.The r
34、esearchers also described studies which found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early，which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women.Similarly，people who marry younge
35、r partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners，according to other studies.Taken together，the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假說假說) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it.While the mechanism(機(jī)制機(jī)制) remains unclear，the researchers fig
36、ured that suggestions associated with aging can make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health. 語篇解讀語篇解讀本文為說明文，題材為科普知識類。覺得自己更年本文為說明文，題材為科普知識類。覺得自己更年輕的人更健康也活得更長。輕的人更健康也活得更長。解析解析
37、詞義猜測題。由第一段第一句中的詞義猜測題。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”及第二段第一句中的及第二段第一句中的“how the mind influences the body”可推測出答案?？赏茰y出答案。11.The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”.”.A.view B.appearanceC.influence D.creation答案解析121311141512.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to
38、Paragraph 3?A.Blood pressure is closely related to hairdos.B.Feeling older than ones real age may be tied to health problems.C.Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.D.The women who love hairdos look younger than those who dont.解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段列舉的三項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果及最后一句話的總結(jié)可細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段列舉的三項(xiàng)研究
39、的結(jié)果及最后一句話的總結(jié)可知選知選B。答案解析1213111415解析解析推理判斷題。由該段中舉的例子可推知選推理判斷題。由該段中舉的例子可推知選C。13.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that .A.a younger mother is more likely to live longerB.the younger one of a couple lives much longerC.often staying with younger people can benefit peoples healthD.people who want to li
40、ve longer need to marry young答案解析1213111415解析解析主旨大意題。由第一段第一句中的主旨大意題。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”和最后一段第一句中的和最后一段第一句中的“the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假說假說) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it”可知，人們對可知，人們對自己年齡的認(rèn)知可能會影響健康，故選自己年齡的認(rèn)知可能會影響健康，
41、故選D。14.The passage mainly tells us that .A.getting bald too early is not good for healthB.women had better give birth later in their lifeC.people who marry younger partners tend to live longerD.peoples view of their age may have an effect on their own health答案解析121311141515.From which page of a news
42、paper is the passage most probably taken from?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Economy. D.Politics.解析解析文章出處題。本文是關(guān)于健康的，故最有可能出自報(bào)紙文章出處題。本文是關(guān)于健康的，故最有可能出自報(bào)紙上的健康專欄。故選上的健康專欄。故選B。答案解析1213111415D(2017河西區(qū)二模河西區(qū)二模)When you want to throw something out as “junk”，better take a second thought as it may be of great value
43、.In fact，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ago，and now they are trying to get it right.We often say that DNA is a kind of acid that contains our genes.But the truth is that genes only make up 1 to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to believe that the rest of it is useless.Ne
44、vertheless，instead of doing nothing，junk DNA，as it is called，turned out to be playing an important part in our body.If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.For example，they can determine whether a cell becomes a
45、 lung cell or a neuron(神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)元).The study，published in the journal Nature on September 5，started in 2003，and 442 scientists from 30 labs around the world were involved，according to Reuters.It is considered the biggest breakthrough in genomics(基因?qū)W基因?qū)W) in a decade because it might help scientists find
46、the cause of certain diseases.It has long been known that many complicated diseases，such as cancer，are caused by tiny changes in DNA.But now scientists realize that most of the changes occur not in the genes themselves，but in the “junk” part of the DNA.They are able to keep track of how and why the
47、switches change and then figure out new treatments and drugs.“Our former understanding of DNA was like getting a picture of Earth from space，”Eric Lander from the Broad Institute，US，told The New York Times.“You know the planet is there，but you cannot see exactly what its like on the surface.”But now
48、 with the new study result “you can follow the roads and see the traffic circulation.Thats exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research，”explained Mark Rubin from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.語篇解讀語篇解讀本文主要介紹了垃圾本文主要介紹了垃圾DNA其實(shí)在我們的身體中也扮其實(shí)在我們的身體中也扮演著重要的角色。演著重要的角色。解析解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本
49、文主要介紹了垃圾標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了垃圾DNA其實(shí)在我們的身其實(shí)在我們的身體中也扮演著重要的角色，這是醫(yī)學(xué)上的一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選體中也扮演著重要的角色，這是醫(yī)學(xué)上的一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選C。16.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.DNAThe Cause of CancerB.What Is DNA?C.A New Discovery for “Junk DNA”D.A Misunderstanding of Genes答案解析171816192017.What does the underlined
50、 phrase “get it right” in the first paragraph refer to?A.Discovering new types of DNA.B.Recognizing the importance of junk DNA.C.Understanding the role genes play in DNA.D.Telling useful DNA from useless one.解析解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“多年前科學(xué)家對于垃圾多年前科學(xué)家對于垃圾DNA也犯了同樣的錯誤也犯了同樣的錯誤”可推知，他們現(xiàn)在正在糾正，也就是可推知，他們現(xiàn)
51、在正在糾正，也就是認(rèn)識到垃圾認(rèn)識到垃圾DNA的重要性。故選的重要性。故選B。答案解析171816192018.The author explains how different parts of DNA work by .a.introducing a general theoryb.making a metaphor(比喻比喻)c.giving examplesd.displaying research dataA.a，c B.b，cC.a，d D.c，d答案解析1718161920解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“If genes are like li
52、ght bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.”可知，作者使可知，作者使用比喻來解釋用比喻來解釋DNA的作用；根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者具體的作用；根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者具體舉出了例子，故選舉出了例子，故選B。171816192019.The results of the study mentioned in the article show that .A.cancer is caused by tiny changes in genes themselvesB.the study of junk DNA is less important than th
53、e study of genesC.changes in junk DNA do not affect genesD.junk DNA is very important for the functioning of our cells答案解析解析解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.”可知，垃圾可知，垃圾DNA對于我們細(xì)胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故選對于我們細(xì)胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故選D。171816192020.Which of
54、 the following statements might Mark Rubin agree with?A.The findings of our genes are enough to fight against cancer.B.The battle against cancer will be won within two years.C.The findings of junk DNA throw light on how we might cure cancer.D.The new treatments and drugs will change junk DNA quickly.答案解析解析解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thats exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research.”可知，研究垃圾可知，研究垃圾DNA得出的數(shù)據(jù)將運(yùn)得出的數(shù)據(jù)將運(yùn)用到癌癥治療的研究中，故選用到癌癥治療的研究中，故選C。1718161920
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題三 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 題組訓(xùn)練 2 科普知識課件
