中考分話題閱讀理解訓練4周圍環(huán)境與人際關系.doc

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Topic Four Personal Environments and Interpersonal Relationships 周圍環(huán)境與人際關系 話說中考 本話題是學生最為熟悉的話題，也是學生看來最為“得心應手”的內容。周圍環(huán)境與人際關系，主要是講述發(fā)生在身邊的事情，然而，越是熟悉的東西越是難點。有些內容似乎合乎邏輯，但有時又違背常理。針對這類型的話題，解題時要通讀全文，領略文章大意。 解題思路：在理解的基礎上，抓住題眼，找準解題方法，進行答題。 走進中考(河北2010) Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you couldnt see．Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingers．How do you feel，then? With medical knowledge and skills today，two-thirds of the worlds 42 million blind people should not have to suffer(受苦)．Unluckily，rich countries have this knowledge，but developing countries do not． ORBIS is an international charitable organization(慈善組織)．Its goal is to help fight blindness all over the world．Inside a DC-8 airplane，there is a teaching hospital with television room and classroom．Doctors are taught the latest technology of helping the blind get sight again here．ORBIS is always trying to keep a closer relation among countries． ORBIS helps those developing countries by providing sight-saving training．It has taught over 35000 doctors and nurses．They continue to treat thousands of blind people every year．They have travelled around the earth 3 times，visited 76 countries and treated over 20000 blind people．They need your help to continue their work and free people from blindness． For just $38，you can help one person see，for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people，$1300 helps train a doctor new skills；and for $13000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again．Your love can help them open their eyes to the world． 1 題判斷正誤(“T”表示正確，“F”表示錯誤)；2 題完成句子；3 ～ 4 題簡略回答問題；5 題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語。 ( ) 1．Both rich and developing countries have the knowledge of helping blind people． 2．ORBIS goal is to ___________________． 3．How many doctors and nurses has ORBIS taught? ____________________________________________________ 4．What can you do for $380 according to passage? ____________________________________________________ 5．_________________________________________________ 解析 1．F 由第二段最后一句“Unluckily，rich countries have this knowledge，but developing countries do not．”可以判斷出此句的表述是錯誤的。 2．help fight blindness all over the world。由第三段第二句“Its goal is to help fight blindness...”可知正確答案。 3．It／ORBIS has taught over 35000 doctors and nurses．／Over 35000(doctors and nurses)．由第四段第二句“It has taught over 35000 doctors and nurses．”可知正確答案。 4．We／I can bring sight to 10 people．／Bring sight to 10 people．由第五段第一句“... for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people”可知正確答案。 5．你(你們)的愛能夠幫助他們重見光明。open ones eyes to sth．為固定短語，意為“打開某人的視野”，在本句中根據(jù)語境應譯為“重見光明”最正確。 話題專練 一 Mr．John Heppell House of Common London AWIAOAA Monday，10th March，2009 Dear Mr．Heppell， Im Sabrina Akhtar studying in a high school and Ive noticed that forests are disappearing． You know，forests are disappearing around the world each year．This is because of many different reasons including farming，tourism(旅游業(yè)) pollution，etc．If we stop doing these things，there will be a good future for people of tomorrow． Now Im writing to ask you to help stop forests from disappearing．You can help by getting shops to stop selling paper made from trees and changing to tree-free paper(paper not made from trees)．This will keep forests from disappearing．There are many，many things we can do to help forests．If you would like to know more，please visit http：//www．Rain-forestweb.org．By changing the small things，we can make a big difference． If you would like to contact(聯(lián)系) me，please see the above address or e-mail me at shazadinol@hotmail.co.uk． Thank you for spending your time in reading this letter． Yours sincerely， Sabrina Akhtar 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．The writer of this letter is ________． A．a student B．a teacher C．an officer D．a driver． ( ) 2．________ is one of the reasons why the forests are disappearing． A．Rain B．Tourism pollution C．Planting D．Breathing ( ) 3．The writer advises Mr．Heppell to ________． A．stop shops from using paper any more B．use paper which is made from trees C．stop shops selling paper made from trees D．plant more and more trees in the future ( ) 4．How can Mr．Heppell contact the writer? A．By calling her． B．By interviewing her． C．By visiting her． D．By e-mailing her． ( ) 5．Whats the purpose of this letter? A．To know more about Mr．Heppell． B．To make more about Mr．Heppell． C．To ask Mr．Heppell to teach in the school． D．To ask Mr．Heppell to help protect forests． 答案： 1．A 根據(jù)書信內容的第一句話可知，作者是一名學生，所以選 A。 2．B 根據(jù)第二段的內容可知，森林減少的原因是一些污染造成的，所以選 B。 3．C 根據(jù)第三段的內容可知，減少商店出售由樹木造成的紙，用來減少污染，所以選 C。 4．D 根據(jù)書信中的提示可知，如果想聯(lián)系作者，可以發(fā)送電子郵件，所以選 D。 5．D 根據(jù)書信內容可知，作者寫信的目的是讓 Mr.Heppell 幫助他保護森林。 二 My son，Owen，was angry on holiday with my dad．On the way back to the airport，they stopped at a hotel for the night．They didnt notice that Puppy，my sons pet dog，was lost until the next night when Owen was going to bed．Owen has autism(孤獨癥)，and he cannot sleep without Puppy． My dad called the hotel to see if Puppy was there．In fact，someone there had found Puppy and the hotel mailed Puppy to my dad．They hoped that it would reach my son before the flight home．But Puppy didnt make it，and Owen had to go home with my dad alone．The flight home was filled with kind people．A lady saw Owen was upset about Puppy，so she went and bought another dog for him． I can never thank the hotel enough for sending Puppy back when they did not have to，or the lady at the airport who made Owen feel a little safer． Owen never forgot about Puppys trip，so when he got two tickets to a basketball game，he decided to give them to two friends．They were basketball fans and they were going to watch the game outside．Owen told me that Puppy would have never come home if people had not been nice，so he wanted to be nice to others． Owen opens doors for others，and he is always giving his old toys away to kids who dont have any．Every time he does that，his face lights up with pride． 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．What was lost on Owens way back home? A．Owen． B．His toy． C．His pet dog． D．His grandpas pet． ( ) 2．Whom did the grandfather go home with? A．Owen． B．Owen and another dog． C．Puppy． D．Another dog． ( ) 3．Who got two tickets to a basketball game and watched the game? A．Owen． B．Owens grandfather． C．The lady． D．Owens two friends． ( ) 4．According to the passage，how many dogs do Owen have now? A．One． B．Two． C．Three． D．Four． ( ) 5．According to the passage，what do you think of Owen now? A．He still has autism． B．He is kind and helpful． C．I dont know． D．He never helps others． 答案： 1．C 根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，Owen 在回家的路上，把他的寵物 Puppy 弄丟了，所以選 C。 2．B 根據(jù)第二段的內容可知，Owen 和爺爺在機場時，一位好心的女士給 Owen 買了一條狗，所以可以推斷爺爺帶著 Owen 和那條狗一起回家的，所以選 B。 3．D 根據(jù)第四段的內容可知，Owen 把這兩張票給他的朋友了，所以選 D。 4．B 根據(jù)短文內容可知，Owen 的寵物 Puppy 也回家了，所以可以推斷他現(xiàn)在有兩條狗，即選 B。 5．B 根據(jù)短文內容可以確定，現(xiàn)在的 Owen 即有朋友，又有愛心，可以確定他不再是個孤僻的孩子，所以選 B。 三 My grandfather is eighty years old．He always complains(抱怨) about how fast things have changed． He often says that families arent the families they used to be．A lot of families have broken up(破裂)．If husband and wife have problems with their marriage，they will no longer stay together．And mothers used to stay at home to take care of their children，but now theyre busy working．They have no time to look after children at home．Whats more，more and more people drive．We used to walk five miles to school every day，even in winter．But now children dont．And in school，children dont have to think more as we used to．In math class，for example，we used to add(加)，subtract(減)，multiply(乘) and divide(除) using our heads．But now most students use calculators．Most families have computers now．In the past，we didnt have computers．We even had no lights．My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen．But now few people eat home-cooked food．And people seldom talk to each other．They are too busy to talk，too busy to eat，too busy to think... Life used to be simple，but it isnt any more． 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．What does the writers grandfather think of the life now? A．He thinks the life now is very good． B．he thinks the life now is worse than it used to be． C．he thinks the life is the same as it used to be． D．he thinks people now are much busier than they used to be． ( ) 2．What does the underlined word "calculator" mean in Chinese? A．電腦 B．計算器 C．收音機 D．播放器 ( ) 3．What has happened to the children according to the passage? A．Children dont have to think more in school． B．Students use calculators in math class． C．Children used to walk to school，but now they dont． D．All the above． ( ) 4．What changes have happened to some families? ① There are lights at home． ② People like to eat home-cooked food． ③ Lots of families have computers． ④ Lots of couples(夫婦) dont live together because of unhappy problems． A．①②④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①③④ ( ) 5．Which of the following is true? A．Life now is much simpler． B．People have too much time to talk with each other now． C．The writers grandfather only complains and pays no attention to better life now． D．Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children now． 答案： 1．D 由最后一句中 They are too busy to talk，too busy to eat，too busy to think...可知。 2．B 根據(jù)短文中講到在數(shù)學課上，過去我們用頭腦來計算加減乘除，而現(xiàn)在用計算器，所以可以確定是 B。 3．D 根據(jù)短文內容可以知道，學生現(xiàn)在上學不用走著去；數(shù)學課可以使用計算器；學生不再像以前的孩子那樣考慮太多的問題，所以選 D。 4．D 根據(jù)短文內容可以確定現(xiàn)在的家庭，都有電燈，有的家庭還有電腦；由于工作忙很多家庭都不做飯；可見該題選 D。 5．C 根據(jù)短文內容可以確定，現(xiàn)在生活節(jié)奏快，但是不簡單，排除 A；由于工作忙，所以人們沒有太多時間聊天，排除 B；現(xiàn)在的媽媽很多都忙于工作，無法照顧孩子，不再是全職媽媽了，也排除 D；只有作者的爺爺只會抱怨，沒有注意到現(xiàn)在生活的好處，是符合題意的，所以選 C。 四 How to Choose Colors to Set a Mood Step 1． Use bright colors such as apple green to express a feeling of warmth in a bedroom．These colors can warm a cool room that has little sunshine． Step 2． If you want to bring about a happy mood in the kitchen，you should choose yellow to add cheer．It can lift your feelings in a kitchen or a laundry room． Step 3． Think about red when you want to have an active environment，perhaps in a studying room． Step 4． Have cool colors such as green，sky blue around you in a quiet environment，for example，in a bedroom．These colors can cool a room，so theyre best used when theres plenty of sunlight to balance the coolness． Step 5． Dont think about dark colors where you want to rest．Think about colors such as light gray as they provide a restful influence．They work well in a library or a family room． step 6． Set a young，playful mood with red，yellow or blue．Theyre great in play-rooms． Step 7． Paint walls with dark，rich colors such as brick red，deep gray or blue to set a sophisticated tone(高雅的格調)．These deep colors are perfect for a dining or living room． Step 8． Dont use bright white as much as possible．It makes a room look like a doctors room．In most environments，white with a bit of another color is more comfortable． 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．The article is written to explain ________． A．how to make different rooms more comfortable with suitable colors B．how to make your rooms more beautiful C．how to make your rooms more comfortable D．how to make your family look like a garden ( ) 2．We should choose ________ when theres plenty of sunlight in a room． A．warm colors to make a balance B．cool colors to make a balance C．yellow to make a balance D．red to make a balance ( ) 3．Choose yellow in the kitchen in order to ________． A．add some interest B．make it more beautiful C．add some cheer D．make it more comfortable ( ) 4．Paint your room ________ if you want to be active． A．red B．gray C．dark D．white ( ) 5．If you want to give your living room a sophisticated tone，you should paint the walls with ________． A．green colors B．yellow colors C．red colors D．dark colors 答案： 1．A 根據(jù) How to Choose Colors to Set a Mood 可以知道根據(jù)場所可以選擇合適的顏色，使其更舒服，更美觀，所以選 A。 2．B 根據(jù) Step 4 可知，在光線充足的房間，應該選擇冷色來保持平衡，所以選 B。 3．C 根據(jù) Step 2 可知，在廚房里涂上黃色，可以給你帶來快樂的情緒，所以選 add some cheer。 4．A 根據(jù) Step 6 可知，如果想使房間充滿活力，最好是用紅色，所以選 A。 5．D 由 Step 7 可知，如想讓客廳有高雅的格調，最好用暗色調的顏色，即選 D。 五 Young people and older people do not always agree．They sometimes have different ideas about living，working and playing．But in one special program in New York State，adults and teenagers live together in a friendly way． Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group．Everyone works several hours each day．They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and fun in work．Some teenagers work in the forests or on the farms near the village．Some learn to make things like tables and chairs and to build houses．The adults teach them these skills． There are several free hours each day．Weekends are free，too．During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photo-taking or drawing．Others sit around and talk or sing．Each teenager chooses his own way to pass his free time． When people live together，they should have rules．In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together．If someone breaks a rule，the problem goes before the whole group．They talk about it and ask，"Why did it happen? What should we do about it?" One of the teenagers has said something about it，"You have to stop thinking only about yourself．You learn how to think about the group．" 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．In one special program in New York State，young and older people ________． A．dont work well together B．are friendly to each other C．teach each other new ways of building houses D．spend eight weeks together，working as farmers ( ) 2．All the members work some time every day mainly to ________． A．lead a busy life B．learn new skills of farming C．get used to the life on the farms D．find useful things and pleasure in work ( ) 3．Living together，________． A．the teenagers dont have to obey the rules B．the members have to obey the rules the adults make C．the members have no free time but on weekends D．the members should not break the rules they make together ( ) 4．The best title for the passage is _______． A．The Rules of Living Together B．Life in New York State C．Teenagers and Adults Together D．Free Hours in the Special Work Group ( ) 5．What should we learn from the article? A．We should only think about our parents． B．We should think ourselves more than others． C．We should think about others more than ourselves． D．We should learn to organize a special work group like them，too． 答案： 1．B 根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，在紐約年輕人和老年人之間能友好地相處，所以選 B。 2．D 根據(jù)“Everyone works several hours each day．They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and fun in work．”可以確定答案是 D。 3．D 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內容可知，群體成員都要遵守群體規(guī)則，所以選 D。 4．A 根據(jù)短文內容可以確定這篇文章的題目為共同生活的原則，其他三個都有片面性，一個是講紐約州的生活；一個是講年輕人和老年人；另一個是講紐約州的自由群體，所以選 A。 5．C 根據(jù)這篇文章我們可以從中學到生活中要友好待人，所以選 C。 六 Once upon a time，there was a garden in the village．Its owner was an old man．He had been away for several years to visit his friends．It was a large lovely garden with soft green grass and beautiful flowers．While the old man was away，some children came to play in the garden every afternoon．The birds in the garden sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games to listen to them．For them，the time they spent there was the happiest they had ever had． One day the old man came back．When he saw the children playing in his garden，he was very angry．"What are you doing here?" he shouted．"Nobody but myself is allowed to play in my garden．" The children were terrified and ran away． Then spring came，but it was still winter in the old mans garden．There were blossoms(花) and birds all over the village，except in the garden．The birds didnt like singing in his garden，since there were no children． "Why is spring arriving so late this year?" the old man thought．"How pretty it would be if it were spring now!" One morning，the old man was woken up by some sounds．He heard birds singing and children laughing．When he opened the window，he saw the birds sitting in the trees and the children running about happily．"Im sure spring has come．What Im seeing is the most spellbinding scene(場景) I have ever seen，and the sounds which Im hearing are the most beautiful in the world，" said the old man． 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．When the children were enjoying themselves in the garden，the old man _______． A．was happy to watch them B．was away to visit his friends C．pretended that he didnt see them D．was angry but didnt drive them off ( ) 2．What did the children think the old man was like? A．Kind． B．Creative． C．Outgoing． D．Terrible． ( ) 3．What does the underlined sentence "Then spring came，but it was still winter in the old mans garden" mean? A．Spring didnt arrive at the old mans garden． B．The old man hoped it would always be winter in his garden． C．There was no sign(跡象) of the arrival of spring in the old mans garden． D．The weather in the old mans garden was different from that in the other parts of the village． ( ) 4．The underlined word "spellbinding" in the passage means "________" in Chinese． A．迷人的 B．無聊的 C．普通的 D．丑陋的 ( ) 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The old mans garden was small but pretty． B．The old man didnt like the birds in his garden． C．The old man was anxious for a peaceful life． D．The birds and the children made the old mans garden full of life again． 答案： 1．B 根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，老人去拜訪朋友的這段時間，成了孩子們在花園里最快樂的時光，所以選 B。 2．D 根據(jù)第二段的內容可知，老人不友好，很可怕，所以選 D。 3．C 根據(jù)下文可知，花園中的花兒沒有開放，鳥兒也不來做客，所以確定選 C。 4．A 根據(jù)最后一段的內容可知，花園中鳥兒在叫，孩子們在嬉戲，春天來了，可以確定是一片迷人的景象，所以選 A。 5．D 根據(jù)短文內容可以確定是孩子和鳥兒讓他的花園充滿活力，所以選 D。 七 A few minutes ago，walking back from lunch，I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping．As I turned，my eyes caught the heads of several other people turning，too． The sound of a coin dropping on the ground is an attention-getter．Whatever the coin is，no one ignores(忽視) the sound of it．It got me thinking about sounds again． We are circled by so many sounds that attract the most attention．People in New York City seldom turn to look when a police car comes ringing along the street． When Im in New York，Im a New Yorker．I dont turn either． At home in my little town in Connecticut(康涅狄格州)，its different．The distant ringing of a police car brings me to my feet if Im in bed． Its the quietest sounds that the most effect on us，not the loudest．In the middle of the night，I can hear a dripping tap a hundred yards away though three closed doors．How come I never hear the sounds in the daytime? Im quite clear in my mind what the good sounds are and what the bad sounds are． Ive turned against whistling(吹口哨)，for instance．I used to think of it as the mark of a happy worker．But lately，Ive been connecting(聯(lián)系) the whistler with a nervous person making noises． The tapping(輕敲) of my typewriter as the keys hit the paper is a lovely sound to me．I often like the sound of what I write better than the looks of it．But whatever sounds there will be，and whether we love them or not，we cant break away from them in our life． 根據(jù)短文內容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1．The sound of a coin dropping makes people ________． A．thi