英語第一部分 閱讀理解篇 2 任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）

專題二任務(wù)型閱讀專題二任務(wù)型閱讀(七選五七選五)閱讀理解篇閱讀理解篇第一部分考綱導(dǎo)續(xù) 主要考查考生對文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容以及上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解和掌握，其考點(diǎn)設(shè)置主要包括：1.主題句；2.過渡句；3.推斷句。1 1分 類 例 析分 類 例 析2 2復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案命 題 規(guī) 律命 題 規(guī) 律題 型 攻 略題 型 攻 略解 題 流 程解 題 流 程 七選五的題型以說明文和議論文居多，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)都比較清晰，過程完整，適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過渡句等，以達(dá)到考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力的要求。其特點(diǎn)如下： 1選擇基本為300詞左右的說明文或議論文。 2短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常為：提出問題解決問題。 3七個選項(xiàng)意義上都與短文相關(guān)，設(shè)空類型一般有標(biāo)題類、段落主題類、過渡句類、細(xì)節(jié)類。 4選項(xiàng)均為完整句子，句型不一。分分 類類 例例 析析 1主題句(2016全國)_37_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)_38_.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall (回憶)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden. AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden CIts our experience of the garden that matters DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowers EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too GFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 解題思路 本題考查主題句。首先形式上要與第二個標(biāo)題“Recall(回憶) your childhood memories”一致，故在A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)之間選擇。再根據(jù)本段倒數(shù)第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，本段主要講要弄清自己為什么要種植花木。 嘗試解答：_A (2017全國)_37_In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to. AGet a sleep specialist. BFind the right motivation. CA better plan for sleep can help. DAnd consider setting a second alarm. EIf the steps you take are working, keep it up. FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day. GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 解題思路 本題考查段落主題句。形式上應(yīng)與下一個標(biāo)題Reconsider morning一致，故在A、B、F和G之間選擇。再根據(jù)空后談到要改變，先要說清楚做出改變很重要的原因；后面談到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告訴你的家人或室友你想做出改變；由此可以推斷出這段總的說找到正確的動機(jī)，因此本空選B。 嘗試解答：_B 2過渡句(2013全國片段)One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting._74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.EThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.FIn the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. 解題思路 根據(jù)上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的the third可知，這里是按照順序排列，此處應(yīng)該是第二條，與E項(xiàng)The second aspect.吻合。 嘗試解答：此題屬并列關(guān)系，故選_ 表示并列關(guān)系的詞有：first(ly), second(ly)，.；first, then/next，.; in the first place, in the second place.; for one thing, for another(thing)，.; to begin with, to conclude等詞，表明前后句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個并列的句子。E (2015北京片段)First, understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.AHaving interesting things to think about also helps.DAt one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. 解題思路 選項(xiàng)A中的also helps與空格前面句子中的help相對應(yīng)，且兩句話的主語形式統(tǒng)一，都說的是“做白日夢”的條件。 嘗試解答：此題屬遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選_ 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only. but also等。A (2014遼寧片段)Protect against UV rays (紫外線). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses._37_CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins. 解題思路 空白處前面的句子“No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses.”意為“無論是什么季節(jié)，戴太陽鏡是極其重要的”，屬于總結(jié)概括句。選項(xiàng)C意為“它們可以適當(dāng)?shù)乇Ｗo(hù)你的眼睛”，本句是對上句觀點(diǎn)的舉例說明，能很好地順接語境。 嘗試解答：此題屬例證關(guān)系，故選_ 前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和演練(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。C (2013全國片段)Get a coach_51_，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.AYou arent like anybody elseDCheck the rules about dos and dontsEWhatever the presentation, public speaking is tough 解題思路 根據(jù)“so get help”可知應(yīng)填一個表示原因的句子。根據(jù)下句中的“.ready to offer you public speaking training and courses.”也可知開頭說的與public speaking有關(guān)。 嘗試解答：故選_ 表示因果關(guān)系的詞有：so/therefore, thus, consequently(結(jié)果), as a result(of), so/such.that.，so that.等。E (2016全國片段)There are three main types of cryptography._37_For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解題思路 根據(jù)for example可知，接下來的舉例講的是選取每個單詞的首字母這一方法來隱藏信息。 嘗試解答：_E (2015全國片段)You didnt lose “everything”O(jiān)nce trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 解題思路 根據(jù)下一句中的Instead(反而)可知此空和下一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見)與之呼應(yīng)，并且選項(xiàng)中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 嘗試解答：此題屬轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選_G (2016全國片段)A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._39_For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”_40_However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language, some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解題思路 本題考查的是關(guān)鍵詞以及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。下一句“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”中出現(xiàn)了also hard，所以上一句關(guān)鍵詞為hard；另外however表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，證明上一句與下一句表達(dá)的意思相反，即上一句應(yīng)該是：沒有解密書，是很難去完成解密工作的。 嘗試解答：此題屬于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選_ 表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的詞有：but，however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而)，still, yet, in contrast/ comparison等。A 3段尾句(2015北京片段)Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._74_EIt involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.FDaydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. 解題思路 (1)本題為段尾空，屬段落總結(jié)概括句，需要關(guān)注本段前面的內(nèi)容。 (2)本段主要說明在需要集中精力的時候避免做白日夢也很重要，前一句提出mindfulness這一概念，并用同位語being focused做出解釋。 第三步對比信息句和選項(xiàng)，得出答案 嘗試解答：_項(xiàng)中的it指代前一句的mindfulness，且attentive與前文的concentrate，being focused，avoid falling asleep語義一致。E (2017洛陽高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have.Data dont mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false._AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers.BData can make our life easier and more comfortable. CBut sometimes we may find that data arent everything. DSometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. ENow and then the socalled specific data puzzle us very much. FThe exact data should come from assessment of an actual event. GThere are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. 解題思路 本題設(shè)空在段尾，空格前的一句論述內(nèi)容是“如果我們沒有能力運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識和自信去分析數(shù)據(jù)正確與否，那么數(shù)據(jù)對我們來說就毫無意義”。所得出的結(jié)論就是“因此我們要盡最大努力成為一名睿智的思考者”，結(jié)合線索詞Thus可知正確答案。 嘗試解答：_A (2014北京片段)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _71_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. AMake choice that are right for you. GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources. 解題思路 本題挖空處為第一段段尾。第一段簡要提出我們要學(xué)會分析來自各種渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何對這些信處進(jìn)行分類整理給予一些建議。從文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，空格起承上啟下的作用。 嘗試解答：此題屬承上啟下類，故選_G 4通用技能 除每個題型有自身特殊的解題技巧外，在閱讀七選五中還有兩種通法，根據(jù)考題活用這兩種方法能夠準(zhǔn)確判定答案。 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 復(fù)現(xiàn)，是為保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞/近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。(2015全國片段)_39_If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return. 解題思路 由空格后面的內(nèi)容可以看出，本段主要講的是被背叛了后該怎么辦。選項(xiàng)C中的關(guān)鍵詞語“victim”與本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一詞在本段中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，且選項(xiàng)C是對本段的概括總結(jié)。 嘗試解答：_ 代詞線索法 英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞，名詞短語或句子概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。C (2016全國片段)But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult._17_This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.ADo not buy it.DIt just requires a little knowledge. 解題思路 空格上一句提到買魚、貯藏魚和烹飪并不難，啟承上句，此處指只是需要一些這方面的知識。D選項(xiàng)中的代詞“It”指代前面提到的“Buying, storing, and cooking fish”。 嘗試解答：_ 詞匯同現(xiàn)法 詞匯同現(xiàn)法是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語意銜接的目的。一般來說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。D (2015全國片段)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._36_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.BFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your training 解題思路 空格前講到一個觀點(diǎn)：馬拉松訓(xùn)練需要精心準(zhǔn)備，下面的論述必須在“準(zhǔn)備”這一范疇內(nèi)，且下文中出現(xiàn)了“During the first week”等時間詞匯，本題是指開始訓(xùn)練前的準(zhǔn)備。 嘗試解答：此題屬詞匯同現(xiàn)，故選_C 復(fù)復(fù) 習(xí)習(xí) 練練 案案