【資料分享】初中英語之20個(gè)常見介詞用法

word初中英語介詞用法總括序號(hào)功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時(shí)間在某段時(shí)間朝代、古今、世紀(jì)、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、過去、將來等不具體的、模糊的大于1天的時(shí)間段。注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別：at指的是短于1天的時(shí)間點(diǎn)In Tang dynasty;in the 19th century;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week; in a month;in the morning2表示位置在某個(gè)地方國家、地區(qū)、省、市、區(qū)、太空、天空等(自然意義上的地方)In china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky在某個(gè)場(chǎng)所車、教室、超市等(注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接觸的地方)In the train; in the classroom;甲處于乙中除實(shí)物里面外，注意“光、燈、影、樹蔭、雨、森林，有全身置入某種環(huán)境之中的含義在內(nèi)。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree；They are studying in the birghtlight.3表示將來在以后用在一般將來時(shí)中，是從“現(xiàn)在時(shí)間點(diǎn)往后.They will e back in 10 days4語言單位材料/關(guān)于“材料“，注意和with在這個(gè)用法上的區(qū)別。(with偏向“工具，in偏向“材料)I wrote a novel in Russian；The length is measured in meter, and centimetre；This board was cast in gold.5狀態(tài)方面服飾/狀態(tài)：既可以指人的狀態(tài)，也可指物的狀態(tài)；方面：既可指具體，也可指抽象方面；服飾：尤以顏色和狀態(tài)?？糎e wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice.Our country in rich in natural resources;A good teacher must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today初中階段應(yīng)掌握的In的常見短語介詞短語in all 總計(jì);in general 一般來說；in time 與時(shí)；in advance 事前;in the meantime 與此同時(shí);in place 適當(dāng)?shù)兀?in the hope of懷著希望;in connection with 和有關(guān);in contact with 和聯(lián)系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘假如，萬一;in conflict with 和沖突;in force 有效的，大批;in depth 徹底地;in regard to 關(guān)于;in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近;in retrospect 回顧，一想起;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說來;in one's opinion 在看來;in word 口頭上;in a word 總之;in vain 無益地, 白白地;in case 如果，萬一，以防;in detail 詳細(xì)地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 總之；in spite of 盡管;in other words換句話說;in return 作為回報(bào);in the name of 以名義；be confident in 對(duì)有信心;be interested in 對(duì)感興趣;in doubt 懷疑;in love 戀愛中;in debt 負(fù)債;in hesitation 猶豫不決;in wonder 在驚奇中;in public (secret) 公開他(秘密地);in a good mood (情緒)好;in danger, in debt(負(fù)債),in a hurry；in stock(有庫存)；in peace(平安) (at peace和平),動(dòng)詞短語believe in信任; break inbreak in 闖入,插嘴,打斷;bring in引起；產(chǎn)生；帶來;e in進(jìn)來；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；訂閱，上當(dāng)，受騙； turn in上繳，歸還；fill in填充；get in收獲；succeed in成功；check in到達(dá)登記，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括； draw in時(shí)間接近； drop in順路拜訪；give in投降、屈服； go in for 參加；愛好，追求；hand in 交上，上繳；pour in源源而來。序號(hào)功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時(shí)間在某天或一天內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)間段在星期幾、具體的某一天or某日的早、中、晚時(shí)間前有定語修飾On S);on May 12thth;on Wed.morning;on a cold night;on childrenday(核心提示：所有的節(jié)日都是用on)2表示位置具體在上面與物體外表相接觸注意與aboveover的區(qū)別There are a lot of books on the shelf;On the face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroudroadroofOn the farm on the market(常考)抽象在上面收音機(jī)、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、手機(jī)、問題、紙X所有有形的，無形的“新聞媒體上都是用onOn TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；You are wrong on all these issues在邊上左、右、兩邊On the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake3表示狀態(tài)處于狀態(tài)人或者物的目前狀態(tài);On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on the country；on scale4表示關(guān)系關(guān)于文章or論著高中階段掌握On指專門論述注意和about相區(qū)別I want a book on South Africa.He wrote an article on the importance of birth control靠相當(dāng)于depend on的含義The people in the south live on rice;You can't afford the expensive ring on an ine of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定時(shí)間一就高中階段掌握相當(dāng)于as soon as+主語的含義On entering the room, he found his friends dancing；初中階段應(yīng)掌握In的常見短語介詞短語On the spot當(dāng)場(chǎng)；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在廣播中；on fire著火；on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；on duty值日；on strike罷工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按時(shí)間表，準(zhǔn)時(shí); on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on ones way to在路上；on ones own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose故意，專門特別注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；on horse騎馬；on donkey騎驢動(dòng)詞短語Bring on引起，導(dǎo)致； call on 號(hào)召，拜訪；decide on 決定;depend on依靠，取決于；get on上車；相處；進(jìn)展;go on繼續(xù); get on with進(jìn)展，相處； look on旁觀，觀望；look onas把看/當(dāng)作;look down on看不起，輕視；pass on傳遞，傳交；hand on傳遞下去；put on 表演，上演；戴/穿上；假裝；take on 呈現(xiàn)，具有；流行；承當(dāng)，雇用；turn on打開燈，氣，水，電器等；work on 繼續(xù)工作, 鉆研學(xué)問或技術(shù);carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持;hold on 繼續(xù)；()不掛斷；抓牢，堅(jiān)持;try on試穿。序號(hào)功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時(shí)間在時(shí)刻歲時(shí)In是時(shí)間段，at是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，相對(duì)更準(zhǔn)確At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the end of;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 oclockaton the weekend?？?表示地點(diǎn)在位置或場(chǎng)所家、腳、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ;at the crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of;at the top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at the barbars;at the airport;at the station;at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed溫度在度Water usually boils at 100°at 10 degrees centigrade價(jià)格按價(jià)格The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝，向表示動(dòng)作的方向Aim at向.瞄準(zhǔn)；shout at向.大喊；throw at向.扔；smile at向.微笑；rush at向.沖去;fire at向.開火5表示原因由于高中階段掌握一般用在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，對(duì)形容詞的原因進(jìn)展說明I was surprised at the news;He was discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅長(zhǎng)于固定考點(diǎn)：be good at;be bad at;an expert atHe is good at drawing(at后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)初中階段應(yīng)掌握In的常見短語介詞短語at first 首先，開始時(shí)；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 無論如何；at home 在家，無拘束；at a loss 不知怎辦；at any rate 不管怎樣；at length 詳細(xì)地；be at high tide 處于高潮期；at our invitation 應(yīng)我們的邀請(qǐng)；at our request 應(yīng)我們的請(qǐng)求；at the news 聽到這消息；at the risk of 冒危險(xiǎn)；at a great expense 以巨大費(fèi)用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一見到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以速度；at the cost (price) of 以為代價(jià)；at leisure 閑著、失業(yè)；at stake 在危險(xiǎn)中、在成敗關(guān)頭；at bottom 實(shí)際上、本質(zhì)上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我們；at the present stage 在現(xiàn)階段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永遠(yuǎn)；動(dòng)詞短語call at訪問某地；e at襲擊，攻擊;get at意指，本意是；理解；到達(dá);knock at 敲打門窗，敲擊;look at看;work at從事, 致力于, 鉆研;laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而視； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1關(guān)于、有關(guān)This is a book about how to study english2大約, 近于表示時(shí)間或數(shù)量I will be with you in about 3minutes;There are about 30students in the classroom.3到處，在周圍，附近相當(dāng)于here and thereHe walked about the street.4What about?(習(xí)慣用語)About為介詞，所以后接動(dòng)詞ing形式What about taking a break?動(dòng)詞短語go about著手,四處走走;set about著手，開始;worry about為擔(dān)心; e about 發(fā)生;care about關(guān)心、在意; bring about引起，帶來,導(dǎo)致;knock about漫游；look about四處看看，四處環(huán)顧；set about doing著手做，開始；turn about向后轉(zhuǎn)；think about考慮是否去做；argue about爭(zhēng)論; know about了解;hear about聽說;ask about詢問;chat about閑聊;quarrel about爭(zhēng)吵;speaktalk about談?wù)?plain about報(bào)怨序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1高于，在之上表示位置、地位、年齡、價(jià)格、量(重、數(shù)、度)、音調(diào)等The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level位置;I know you're above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(職位)The old lady is above eighty年齡;There are above forty girl students in the class數(shù)量;Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量)2非能力所與，超出能力、行為、品質(zhì)等The maths problem is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那樣的事情來)介詞短語Above all首先，最重要的是，最要緊的是；He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1橫過、穿過表示動(dòng)作的方向He swam across the river;The policeman helped the old man walk across the street.2在對(duì)面，在那一邊表示位置上的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，在隔著的對(duì)面He lives across the street;Japan lies across the pacific ocean常見短語e across偶遇；get across橫穿馬路；能理解，被聽懂；run across偶遇，橫跨；序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1撞到、緊靠表示動(dòng)作的方向，有靠、撞擊的意思I have hit my head against a wall;She stood with her back against the tree;The rain beat against the windows2反、逆、違背反對(duì)贊成的反義逆方向;違背意愿等Are you for or against the plan?There were 20 votes for her and 12 against her;He is swimming against this current.She did it against her own will3以防大學(xué)階段掌握此用法They saved money against old age.4表示陪襯(高中階段掌握此用法)The red flag is fluttering against the blue sky;His red clothes stook out clearly against the snow.常見短語Go against違反、違背、反對(duì)；stand against反對(duì)，不支持；turn against轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)，背叛；run against違反，偶然遇到；fight against與斗爭(zhēng)； over against正對(duì)著，在對(duì)面 fe: he lived over against the school序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1時(shí)間、順序、位置在之后表時(shí)間時(shí)，后面跟的是個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)After breakfast he ordered a taxi.Shut the door after you;After you,please.A few kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate2探求、追求、追尋、找與be動(dòng)詞或其它動(dòng)詞合用時(shí)，有此含義A police is running after a thief;He is after a job at our place;I think he is only after money.What are you after? I am looking for my wallet.3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相當(dāng)于according to的含義Make sentence after the exampleThat was a play after Shakespeare.They named the building after the scientist.4由于，盡管高級(jí)用法，高中階段掌握After failing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more time on English study.After all his efforts,John has failed.常見短語介詞短語Day after day日復(fù)一日；year after year年復(fù)一年；One after nother一個(gè)接一個(gè)地，相繼；after a little/moment/while過了一會(huì)；after all畢竟，終究；after ones heart合的心；after service售后服務(wù)，after the fashion勉強(qiáng)(fe:He can speak and write English after a fashion他多少會(huì)說一些英語但不太好)； 動(dòng)詞短語Look after照顧，照看；take after相像，長(zhǎng)得像，效仿John takes after his dad；ask after問候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做，go after設(shè)法得到, inquire after問候, run after追求, seek after追逐序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1 順著，沿著表具體：沿著具體物體的邊緣We walked along the street.2順著，沿著表抽象：沿著抽象事物的方向開展該用法為along的副詞用法My life is going along nicely常見短語1.Along with與一起(fe:The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；2.all along一直fe:I've been fooling myself all along3.bring along把帶來，領(lǐng)來;使開展Did you bring along some books?4.e along 出現(xiàn)；沿著過來；加油；進(jìn)展5.get on / along with.進(jìn)展；相處序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在之中；在.中間表具體：三者或者三者以上之中I found him among the crowdPlease divide the cake among you four表抽象Most important among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities.2之一相當(dāng)于one of的功能Einstein is among the greatest scientists備注-among 與between的區(qū)別：三者與兩者之間的區(qū)別。但在如下情況，between 可用于三者：(1) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人或物用 and 連接時(shí)：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之間；(2) 涉與事物之間的區(qū)別或各國之間的關(guān)系時(shí)：the difference between the three of them 他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別the relations between various countries 各國之間的關(guān)系；(3) 表示“由于合作的結(jié)果時(shí)：Between them they landed the fish. 他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享之類的動(dòng)詞之后，假如接一個(gè)表示三者或三者以上的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，用 among between 均可：He divided his money among between his five sons. 他把錢分給了5個(gè)兒子。序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1作為，當(dāng)作注意和as for的區(qū)別(as for為至于，關(guān)于)Dont treat me as a child;I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher.As for me, I dont mind going there by train;2當(dāng)時(shí)候，在同時(shí)as當(dāng)“連詞時(shí)的用法The play started as I got there;As I was a child,I liked singing very much3正如，就像As you can see,we are still working.因?yàn)?，由于We have a very wonderful TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do.備注1. As.as 像.一樣 fe: the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daughter;2. as long as只要(fe:As long as you can keep away from them, you're safe)3. as a matter of fact adv. 事實(shí)上fe:I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact.4. as a whole adv. 總體上(fe:We must consider these matters as a whole)5. as far as adv. 遠(yuǎn)到， 直到， 至于(6. As if 好象似的 仿佛一樣7. as well as adv. 也，又8. as well 也 fe:Water is colourless, air as well9. not so much.as. 與其說.不如說是.(fe:He is not so much a writer as a reporter)10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；諸如fe:Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free11. look on.as 把.看作.序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在以前；在前面；在之前表示時(shí)間We have to finish the work before 10 oclock.He made a speech before a lot of audienceHe arrived before me.表示位置表示順序2以前，以往此時(shí)Before做副詞She had never been to Italy before3在以前此時(shí)before做連詞I want to think it over before I decide about it常用短語1. before long 不久； fe:I hope to see you again before long2. long before很久以前 (fe:We've seen that film long before)序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1比晚；遲于表示時(shí)間Your ideas are behind the times;He arrived ten minutes behind time.2在后面表示位置He hide himself behind the tree.There is someone behind you.3落后于，低于，不如表抽象：表示力量、能力等I am far behind you in EnglishJohns behind the rest of the class in reading.4支持；作為的后盾此時(shí)相當(dāng)于support的作用He had his mother behind him.常用短語1.behind schedule 不準(zhǔn)時(shí)2.behind the times 過時(shí)的3.behind the curtain 在幕后4.far behind 在后面很遠(yuǎn)，把遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的甩在身后5.left behind 遺留，留下被動(dòng)語句中更常用序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在以下具體：表示位置below含某個(gè)水平線或水平面以下的意思，而under是某個(gè)物體以下Dont write your answer below this line;Fish were swimming below the surface of the water.2低于，在.以下表示年齡He cant be below fifty.3表示能力、級(jí)別、價(jià)值、程度、數(shù)量等He is below me in the class;His ine is below the average ine in the area；During the night,temperatures dropped below zero.序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在旁邊；在.附近表具體位置：表示地點(diǎn)He sat beside her all night;I want to buy a beautiful beside the river.2和相比引申用法(大學(xué)階段掌握)Beside his ,my trouble is nothing;My work condition looks poor beside hers短語Be beside oneself (with sth)因而忘形，失去控制I was beside myself with joy.序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1除.以外還有注意和except的區(qū)別except 用來引出陳述中唯一不適用的事物、情形、人或想法，是從整體中除去；而besides只是特別強(qiáng)調(diào)而已Besides English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on.Besides cancer, smoking can lead other diseasesShe is a nice girl except a bit ugly. There wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes2另外，再說此時(shí)當(dāng)副詞I don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在之間兩者(常和and常用)具體：表示時(shí)間、位置、數(shù)量The lunch hour is between 11 and 13pm;Shanxi province is between henan and gansuThe temperature is between 25 degree and 30 all week2抽象：表示比擬、分配、關(guān)系、性質(zhì)等Whats the differencde between women and man?They shared the chocolate between the two of them;The relations between teachers and students are excellentMy job is between a secretary and a personal assistant.序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在的那邊；在以外；表示具體位置：在某物體的X圍之外The airport is 20miles beyond the town;What lies beyond the mountains?2超出，高于表示抽象的X圍、限度等This book is beyond me;He is living beyond his ine;The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;The watch is damaged beyond repair3過了，比.晚，遲于表示時(shí)間He came home beyond the usual time;序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1除了.；除了.之外She has no choice but to cry.2常用短語Not onlybut also 不但而且He not only studies hard but also works well；Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it倒裝序號(hào)含義理解核心典型例句1在.旁邊，身邊表示位置，相當(dāng)于beside的意思只是by可以用于引申含義He stood by the window and look out over the fields;I havent got any money by me.2到時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗郧氨硎緯r(shí)間(跟時(shí)間點(diǎn))He is sure to e by 3 0clock.The homework need to be ready by next Friday.3按； 以表示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，度量，數(shù)量In America many workers were paid by the week;Dont judge a man by his clothes/looks;The cotton crop has increased by 25% this year4乘、靠、用、以、通過、被表示方法、方式、手段等海、陸、空、車、偶、被by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陸路(航空，水陸，水路，乘公共汽車)；by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，無意中The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein.I will contact you by letter/phone5相差表示程度高級(jí)用法，大學(xué)階段掌握He missed the train by five minutes;He is taller than his father by 2 centimeters動(dòng)詞短語1. call by 順道訪問；2. e by 從旁走過；3. go up by 上升到了4. go by(從旁)走過/經(jīng)過；依照，遵循；順便走訪；5. pass by 經(jīng)過6. stand by 支持某人；袖手旁觀；7.介詞短語By and by 不久以后；By mistake由于過失導(dǎo)致；Day by day一天天地By oneself 獨(dú)自地；By the way順便問一句Little by little逐漸地，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地；One by one一個(gè)一個(gè)地；Side by side 肩并肩；Hand by hand手拉手Learn by heart記住13 / 13