2019中考英語二輪復習 介詞的用法

介詞的用法一時間介詞的用法辨析1.時間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析in介詞in用來表示一天中某段時間，指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如： In the morning/afternoon/evening,in May/October,in 1992,in Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天，1( )_the daytime the streets are crowded擁擠的but_night they are quiet. A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2( )_Spring the trees turn green and the flowers start to come out. A.In B.On C.At D.Fromon介詞on用來表示具體某一天，星期幾，節(jié)日；或者指明具體某一天的上午，下午，晚上。如：On December 1st;on Monday morning;on the night of October 22nd;on a rainy /fine day,on a cold morning,on Teachers Dy;On Christmas Day. 1( )A tsunami海嘯happened in some soughern Asian countries_December,2004.A.at B.on C.in D.by 2( )I was born_July 2,and my girthday is coming soon. A.for B.at C.in D.on 3( )-When did you come back from Beijing? -_the morning of April 18th. A.At B.Within C.On D.Inat介詞at用來表示時間點，特定的時間、節(jié)日、年齡等。at noon,at night,at midnight在午夜，at six oclock,at half past five,at the bgginning of一開始，at the end of結(jié)束時，at the age of在-歲數(shù)時，at last最終1()I_the daytime the streets are crowded擁擠 but_night they are quiet. A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2填詞：Tony usually gets up at_seven oclock on weekends.3.At the age of five,he lived with his grandparents in a village.by介詞by不遲于，到-時為止；如：by 2 oclock，by now到現(xiàn)在（為止），by then到那時（以來）1.By the end of last month到上個月末為止,We had learned more than不止300English songs.2.By he got outside到他來到外面為止，the bus had already 已經(jīng)left離開.3.The work must be finished by Friday。工作必須在星期五之前完成in與after時間介詞in與after 的用法*介詞in + 一段時間用于一般將來時。如：1.Well go to school in two weeks.兩周后2()My mother is coming back _three days我媽三天后要回來 A.after B.in C.at D.until3.There will be more robot機器人at home in fifty years.五十年后*介詞after + 一段時間用于一般過去時。如：1( )My mother came home _half an hour.半小時后 A.in B.after C.behind D.with2( )The headmaster校長will come to our class_two oclock. A.in B.of C.for D.on3( )Ill call you_4 oclock. A.in B.on C.of D.after4.Well go out for a walk after supper.晚飯后5()The train is starting_five minutes.A.in B.at C.afterSince 與for時間介詞for與since的用法辨析*介詞for 表示一段時間,for two months有兩個月,for three days有兩天，for a few hour有好幾個小時，for a long time有一段時間，1.I have been living here for 10 years.有十年2()-How long have you been in this city?/-_twenty years. A.Before B.After C.For D.Since3()The doctor worked_five hours_a rest. A.for,with B.on,without C.about,having D.for,without*介詞since 表示從過去某一時間以來,如：1()I have been living here _2000. A.for B.befroe C.since D.in2()What bad weather we have!It has rained_the day before yesterday. A.on B.in C.since D.at3.The factory has been there since 1989.4.He has learning English since he was 8.他自從八歲時就開始學英語5.I havent seen her for years.我有好幾年沒見到他了during時間介詞during(在期間)1.He swims every day during the summer.在夏天期間2()The young man had worked in the small village_the year of 1972. A.during B.on C.for D.byuntil/till直到為止；notuntil直到才,不到不, *till/until前謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞； *notuntil,(until)前謂語動詞為短暫性動詞,1.I will wait till（until）seven o'clock2.Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上一直呆到明天3()Tom didn't come back _midnight A.before B.until C.after D.when4.I didnt go to bed_my mother came back. A.before B.until C.after D.since不用介詞表達時間的幾種情況1.當表示時間的詞前有this, that時，其前面不用介詞，如：this morning2.當表示時間的詞前有next時，其前面不用介詞，如：next Sunday3.當表示時間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時，其前面不用介詞，如：last Sunday4.當表示時間的詞前有one, any, each, every, some或all時，其前面不用介詞1.You can come any day任何一天. 2.Could you come to my house_evening? A.at B.last C.at this D.at二方位介詞與地點介詞的用法辨析方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析*介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如：1.The book is on the table.2.There was a carpet地毯on the floor在地板上.*介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即“在上方”，如：1.Is there any bridge over the river?橋在河流之上嗎？*介詞above表示一般的“高于”，“在之上”，如：1.There was an electric clock電子鐘 above his bed.2.There is a light 燈_his head. A.over B.above C.on方位介詞under與below的用法辨析*介詞under是over的反義詞即“在下方”，如：1.They were seen under the tree.*介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于”，“在之下”，如：1.They live below us.他們住在我們下面（樓下）方位介詞across,、through、over,用法辨析*介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強調(diào)從表面穿過。1.She went across the street穿越街道 to do some shoppng. 2.Mr Wang planned to swim_the Chang Jiang River next month. A.through B.across C.past D.over 4.The went_the desert沙漠last year. A.through B.across C.over D.past*介詞through著重于“穿越”，強調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)部穿過。1.The sunlight was coming in through the window. 2.They went_the forest森林to find the way to the Palace. A.across B.through C.over D.past*介詞over多表示從“上方越過”，如：1.He failed to go over the mountain穿越大山; he had to go round it.方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析*介詞in表示“在-內(nèi)”，“排、行、組”，如：1.We are in Team One.2.He puts his hands in his pockets口袋*介詞on表示“在左、右”，在上面，如：1.Li Ping is on my left/right在右邊，在左邊. *at“在旁邊”1.They were eating at the table now在飯桌旁吃飯*at后接小地方，in后接大地方 詞匯：at home在家，at the busstation在車站，at scholl,at work在上班，at the end of在-盡頭，at the beginning of一開始-；in China,in Beijing,in the world在這個世界，in the open air在戶外，in the end最終，stay in bed臥床睡覺，1()When did you arrive_the train station? A.in B.at C.on D.in front2()He was born_Wuhan. A.at B.in C.on D.of3填詞:Mary is flying to France soon,she will arrive_Paris_the morning of July 9.4()We waited ages for a taxi,We gave up放棄_and walked home.A.at the beginning B.in the end C.at first C.at least5.He lives_a small village.A.in B.on C.for D.in* in 表示在某地范圍之內(nèi)； to 表示在某地范圍之外；on 表示與某地相鄰或接壤。如：1. Shanghai is/lies in位于 the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。 Beijing is in the north of China.2.Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東面。 France lies to the south of England.3.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古國位于中國北邊。Canada lies on the north of the U.S.方位介詞to、for的用法辨析*介詞to表示目的地或去的目的，“from-to-”從-到-，如：1.will you take a train to Tianjian?2.填詞：-How far is it_your home to school、 -Its about half an hours bus ride.3.填詞：My father works in a factory_Monday_Saturday.*介詞for表示目的，動身去某地等，如：1.He got on a train for Shanghai.2.The train is leaving_Tianjing at 6pm.A.to B.for C.at3.填詞：Here is a letter_you。這是給你的信件 I bought some flowers as作為 a present禮物_Teachers Day.三其他易混介詞的用法辨析原因介詞because、as、for的用法辨析*介詞because表示“因為；由于”指直接的，用來回答why的問句，語氣最強。1.The boy didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.*介詞as表示“由于”指一種顯而易見、談話雙方已知的理由。1.She stayed at home as she had no car.*介詞for表示 “因為,由于”指一種間接原因，1.It must have rained last night, for the road is wet路面濕滑.材料介詞of和from的用法*be made of“由-制成”，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時，1.The desk is made of wood.課桌由木頭制成。2.The socks are made of silk.襪子有絲綢制成。*be made from “由-制成”，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時，1.Wine is made from grapes.酒由葡萄制成。2.Paper is made from wood.紙由木頭制成。表示“用”的介詞in、with、by的用法辨析*介詞in表示“用材料、聲音，語言”介詞with表示“用工具、某物”介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過方法”1.Can you say it in English?用英語說2.I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色筆寫字3.The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通過賣花來賺錢介詞between與among的用法辨析*介詞between 表示“在兩者之間”介詞among表示“在當中（三者或以上）之間1.Dont sit between the two girls.2.There is a hotel between the bank and the pay phone.3.They lived among the mountains群山之間 in the past.4.The bad news spread 傳播among the students在學生間 quickly.介詞besides與except的用法辨析*介詞besides表示“除之外（全部包括在內(nèi)）”介詞except表示“除之外（不計算在內(nèi)）1.We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.2.We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.3.Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，還有30個學生去看了電影。(他和另外30人都去了) 4.He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 除了足球，他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣。 5.Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每個人都很激動。（他們激動，而我卻不激動） 6.All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是） 表示計量的介詞：at, for, by *at表示“以速度”“以價格” For表示具體價格， by表示“以計”，后跟度量單位。 1.It flies飛 at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小時900公里的速度飛行。 2.I sold my car at a high price. 我以高價出售了我的汽車。 3.We have sweaters at a good price.以優(yōu)惠價 4.He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把車賣了。 5.They paid him by month. 他們按月給他計酬。 6.Here eggs are sold被賣 by weight. 在這里雞蛋是按重量賣的。 表示工具或手段的介詞：by, with, on * by用某種方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車，by e-mail.通過電子郵件。 （注：表示搭乘交通工具時，用by時不用冠詞，用in時要用冠詞） 1.I went there （by bus/in a bus）. 我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。 *with表示“用某種工具”。 1.He broke the window with a stone. 他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。 *on表示“以方式”，多用于固定詞組。 1.They talked on the telephone. 他們通過電話進行交談。 2.She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通過收音機/電視學英語。 3.He enjoys watching soccer game on Tv.表示 “關(guān)于的介詞”：of, about, on *think of/about認為，覺得 1.What do you think of/about認為，覺得 Chinese food./-I think its great. 2.He thought about考慮 this matter yesterday. 他昨天考慮了這件事。 *about“關(guān)于”某人某事的情況和內(nèi)容 1.Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎？ 2.They are talking about談論關(guān)于（ animals/Chinese movies）*on指“關(guān)于”學術(shù)性的或嚴肅的事。 1.Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有關(guān)中國歷史的教科書。 表示原因：*because of “由于”，表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。*Thanks to表示引起某種幸運結(jié)果的原因，常譯為“幸虧，多虧”1.He retired退休 last month( because of illness疾病/because he was ill). 2.Thanks to John, we won the game. 多虧約翰，我們才贏了這場比賽。 3.Thanks to the doctor,my sister was taken good care of.多虧了醫(yī)生，我妹妹得到了很好的照顧。4.Tom stayed in bed臥病在床(because of his headache/because he had a headache.)表示好像或當作的介詞：like, as *like表示“像一樣”， *as表示“作為，以身份而工作”1.I want to buy a sweater like像 this我想要買一件像這樣的毛衣。2.Could you do it like this?你可以像這樣做這件事嗎？ 3.He talked to me as a father. 他以父親的身份跟我談話。 4.She wants to find a job as a teacher/driver.5.The woman works as a doctor in a hospital.表示支持或反對的介詞*against反對；for 支持1.Are you for my idea or against it? 你贊同還是反對我的想法？ 中考介詞專項訓練：1.Tom was good_playing the guitar,but now he plays the violin well.2.Jenny is better_drawing than singing.3.please dont laugh_her.she only made a small mistake.4.Last Sunday,he stayed_home and watched TV all day.5.my father is_work now.6.Im poor薄弱_my English. 7._the way,could you tell me the_to Hongxing Hotel? 8.-Are you interested_reading novels? -Yes,because interest is the best teacher.9.Tony was very_in math,so his math was very impressed印象很深.10.She studies English well,she usually writes diaries寫日記_English.11.When you are_trouble,you could ask police for help.12.Youre not allowed to shout_others別人_public.13.They arrived_Beijing yesterday afternoon.14.Go down the street沿著這條街道走，turn right at the third crossing.在第三拐角處向右拐，then然后go straight照直走until you arrive_a bridge,you will see a bank next_a library.15.Keeping_time守時is very important for everybody in Switzerland瑞士16.-How do you get to work? -I get to work_foot.17.On his way_school,Jack met an old friend of his fatehrs18.-May I try_the grey coat? -Sure,here is the fitting room-oh,it looks nice_you.19.Tony is talking_the phone with his friend Jenny.20.The price價格of the apples depend_取決于how many kilos you want to buy.21.-Where do you want to have a trip this National Day? -My family decided_Canada at last.22.You should drive _the right in China,but in England you are supposed to drive _the left.23.Its too cold outside,please put_you sweater. Its too hot outside,please take_your coat. 24.The students are listening_the teacher carefully now.25.I miss you very much,please write_me soon.26.Before going_bed,Tom usually spends about 15miutes_newspaeres.27.-Whose dictionary is this? -It must belong_Jim,there is his name on it.28.The teacher was very angry_Jenny,because she was late for class again.29.At this point在這一點上，he doesnt agree_his father.30.Nowdays many teenagers青少年disagree_their parents.31.-Excuse me,Could you help me_my English study? -Sure,Id love to.32.Jackson always helps his mother_housework at home.33.Could you help me_swimming/sports?34.How do you get on_your family? -I get on well with my family.35-Jenny gets on well_his classmates.相處融洽36.-Whats the matter with you?你怎么了？ -I argued_my parents,what should I do?37.My father is busy_his work all day.38.Could you tell me how to deal_this problem?如何處理問題39.The man who is talking_my father is my Physics teacher.40.He came _with a good idea/plan finally最終，他想出一個好主意/計劃41.The weather in Austraila is very different_that in China.42.My haircut發(fā)型is different_yours.42.I have the same haircut_Xiao Ming does.43.Tony is the same age_Tom.44.He is not as tall_his deskmates.45.I come_Japan,I can speak Japanese,I live_Xiamen now.46.The post office is across_the supermarket.47.The pay phone is _library and the hotel.48.The boy sitting next_me is my younger brother.49.-What do you think _Chinese food? -I think its great.50.Could you go to the airport to meet my friend Laowang instead_me?51.He can speak Chinese_of English.52.He likes playing baseball_of basketball.53.Please dont worry_your mother,she is Ok now.54.I was worried_my pet cat,because its not well.55.They are talking_animals.56.Could you tell me something_your family?57.Jenny paid lots of money_her new computer.58.The train is leaving_Shanghai at 6pm.59.Please dont be late_class,its not good for your study.60.Tony was always late_school before,but now he is nevr late.61.Taking_a walk after dinner飯后散步is good for your health.62.The man may be late_work,he walk so quickly.63.-What are you looking_? -Im looking_my lost pen,but I cant find it.64.The mother looked_his son everywhere到處，she looked worried.65.He prefers milk_tea.他更喜歡牛奶而不是茶。66.He prefers staying at home_watching movies with friends on weekends.67.Please dont use your mobile phone in class,or the teacher will take it_. My teacher took_my mobile phone when I used it in class.68.When you leave home,please dont forget to turn_the light.69.Please dont give_hope when you meet trouble遇上困境。70.Please help me put_the picture on the wall.71.My little sister is sleeping,please turn_the music.72.I want to hear the music together with you,could you turn it_ a little?73.He is a kind and generous man,he gives lots of money_to the hope project捐錢給希望工程。74.He fixed修理the bikes and gave them_to the kids.75.My English teacher is vey kind,she regards us students_his kids.76.I used to be afraid_the big dog,but now Im not afraid at all.77.The farmers農(nóng)民are getting ready_the next year.78.-How far is it_your home to school? -Its a little far_here.離這兒有點遠。 -Its quite far_here.離這兒相當遠。79.They are waiting_a bus at the bus station. He is waiting_you at the gate在門邊 now.80.He is coming back_three hours.三小時后他要回來。81.I have been here_a long time.82.Lao Wang has been living in Xiamen(_two years/_two years ago).83.Last night he didnt go to bed_12 oclock.84.I study English_making flashing and watching English movies.85.Tom is the tallest最高_the four.86.Its very important_me to eat more fruits.87.He worked _a doctor in a hospital.88.I bought some flowers_a present作為禮物_TeachersDay.89.English is spoken被說_a second language作為第二門外語in many countries在許多國家90.-Can I help you,please? -Id like to buy a sweater_this.91.Tims mum is worried_her sons eyesight視力as由于he plays online games too much.92.He likes watching soccer_TV.93.The boy is looking_his wallet錢包everywhere到處。94.Man人類will not live生存_sunshine陽關(guān)and water.95._your help.I couldnt do it better. _the help of him在他的幫助下.I finished the job_time.中考常用介詞詞組：1.at first首先； at the beginning of一開始； be good at擅長； not-at all-一點也不； at work在上班； at dinner在吃飯；at the same time在同時； Sit at the table在飯桌旁（吃飯）；stay at home呆在家；at the back of在-后面； Laugh at sb取笑某人； at least至少； shout at sb對著-大叫; knock at the door敲門； look at瞧，看一看-2.by the way順便說（問）一下； by bike騎自行車； by car/taxi坐車 By hand用手； by the end of到-結(jié)束時； by the time到-時候； Day by day一天又一天；3.in a word總而言之； in English用英語； stay in bed臥病在床； Be ill in hospital生病住院；in public在公共場合； be in trouble處于困境 In fact事實上； in a hurry匆忙地 in the street在街道上； in space在太空； in this way用這種方法； in the day在白天； in the end最終； be interested in對-感興趣； arrive in/at到達 do well in做得好； be born in出生于； take part in參加； hand in上交；4.on time準時； on foot步行； on the left在左邊； On the right在右邊 on ones way to在-路上； on duty在值日； Out of work失業(yè)； decide on決定； try on試穿； Pass on message傳遞口信；depend on依賴，依靠； talk on the phone用電話交談put on穿上- 5.to ones surprise讓-驚訝的是； get to到達； listen to聽- Go to bed/sleep去睡覺； belong to屬于； write to sb寫信給-6.be angry with sb生-的氣； agree /disagreewith sb(不)同意-的看法； Catch up with趕上； play with sth玩弄-； talk with/to sb同-交談； Get along/on with與-相處； help sb with sth幫某人做某事； go on with繼續(xù)- deal with處理，對付； come up with想出主意，提出看法 together with與-一起； argue with sb與-吵架； be busy with（work）忙于- be friendly with sb對-很友好7.be different from不同于； hear from收到來信，聽到消息； Be away from遠離； come from來自于； Across from在對過； 8.think of/about認為，覺得； take care of照料； be made of由-制成； Hear of聽說； instead of代替，而不是； because of因為 with the help of-在-的幫助下； be afaid of害怕-9.worry about擔心，為-焦慮； be worried about擔心，焦慮 Talk about談論關(guān)于- think about 認為，考慮，覺得10.pay for sth付錢，買-； ask sb for help向-請求幫助；look for sth尋找 Wait for sb等候某某； leave for出發(fā)去某地； be late for class/schoo/work-遲到 go for a walk去散步； get ready for為-作準備；11.Thanks to多虧，由于； say hello to sb問候某某；say goodbye to sb告別- Go to movies去看電影；go to the cinema去電影院； according to根據(jù)；prefer sth-to sth-更喜歡-而不是- Next to挨著，靠著； the answer to the question問題的答案； The key to the door門上的鑰匙；prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜歡做-而不是做-12.look like看起來像； take away取走，拿走； look around向四周看 put away收拾，整理； Take off脫下（鞋帽，衣物），飛機起飛； turn on/off打開/關(guān)上； Pu up張貼，舉起來； regard as把-當做； Go along the road/street沿著-走； not-until-直到-才- Give up放棄 give away捐贈 The same as與-一樣 (not)as-as-與-（不）一樣 16