2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 介詞的用法

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1、介詞的用法 一．時(shí)間介詞的用法辨析 1.時(shí)間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析 ●in介詞in用來表示一天中某段時(shí)間，指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如： In the morning/afternoon/evening,in May/October,in 1992, in Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天， 1( )_____the daytime the streets are crowded擁擠的but_____night they are quiet. A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for

2、 D.In,at 2( )________Spring the trees turn green and the flowers start to come out. A.In B.On C.At D.From ●on介詞on用來表示具體某一天，星期幾，節(jié)日；或者指明具體某一天的上午，下午，晚上。如： On December 1st;on Monday morning;on the night of October 22nd; on a rainy /fine day,on a cold morning,on Teachers’

3、 Dy;On Christmas Day. 1( )A tsunami海嘯happened in some soughern Asian countries ________December,2004.A.at B.on C.in D.by 2( )I was born___July 2,and my girthday is coming soon. A.for B.at C.in D.on 3( )-When did you come back from Beijing? -_______the mor

4、ning of April 18th. A.At B.Within C.On D.In ●at介詞at用來表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。 at noon,at night,at midnight在午夜，at six o’clock,at half past five,at the bgginning of一開始，at the end of結(jié)束時(shí)，at the age of在---歲數(shù)時(shí)，at last最終 1()I___the daytime the streets are crowded擁擠 but_______night they are quiet. A.At

5、,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at 2填詞：Tony usually gets up at_______seven o’clock on weekends. 3.At the age of five,he lived with his grandparents in a village. ●by介詞by不遲于，到---時(shí)為止；如： by 2 o‘clock，by now到現(xiàn)在（為止），by then到那時(shí)（以來） 1.By the end of last month到上個(gè)月末為止,We had learned more than不止300E

6、nglish songs. 2.By he got outside到他來到外面為止，the bus had already 已經(jīng)left離開. 3.The work must be finished by Friday。工作必須在星期五之前完成 ●in與after時(shí)間介詞in與after 的用法 *介詞in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如： 1.We’ll go to school in two weeks.兩周后 2()My mother is coming back ______three days我媽三天后要回來 A.after B.in C.at

7、 D.until 3.There will be more robot機(jī)器人at home in fifty years.五十年后 *介詞after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如： 1( )My mother came home _______half an hour.半小時(shí)后 A.in B.after C.behind D.with 2( )The headmaster校長will come to our class_____two o’clock. A.in B.of C.for D.on 3( )I’ll call yo

8、u______4 o’clock. A.in B.on C.of D.after 4.We’ll go out for a walk after supper.晚飯后 5()The train is starting_____five minutes.A.in B.at C.after ●Since 與for時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析 *介詞for 表示一段時(shí)間,for two months有兩個(gè)月,for three days有兩天，for a few hour有好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，for a long time有一段時(shí)間， 1.I have been living

9、 here for 10 years.有十年 2()-How long have you been in this city?/-_______twenty years. A.Before B.After C.For D.Since 3()The doctor worked____five hours_____a rest. A.for,with B.on,without C.about,having D.for,without *介詞since 表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來,如： 1()I have been living here _______20

10、00. A.for B.befroe C.since D.in 2()What bad weather we have!It has rained____the day before yesterday. A.on B.in C.since D.at 3.The factory has been there since 1989. 4.He has learning English since he was 8.他自從八歲時(shí)就開始學(xué)英語 5.I haven’t seen her for years.我有好幾年沒見到他了 ●during

11、時(shí)間介詞during(在…期間) 1.He swims every day during the summer.在夏天期間 2()The young man had worked in the small village____the year of 1972. A.during B.on C.for D.by ●until/till直到…為止；not…until…直到…才…,不到…不…, *till/until前謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞； *not…until…,(until)前謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞, 1.I will wait till（until）sev

12、en o'clock． 2.You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上一直呆到明天 3()Tom didn't come back ________midnight． A.before B.until C.after D.when 4.I didn’t go to bed________my mother came back. A.before B.until C.after D.since ●不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況 1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this, that時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：this m

13、orning 2.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有next時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：next Sunday 3.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：last Sunday 4.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one, any, each, every, some或all時(shí)，其前面不用介詞 1.You can come any day任何一天. 2.Could you come to my house_______evening? A.at B.last C.at this D.at 二．方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析 ●方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析

14、*介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如： 1.The book is on the table. 2.There was a carpet地毯on the floor在地板上. *介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即“在…上方”，如： 1.Is there any bridge over the river?橋在河流之上嗎？ *介詞above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如： 1.There was an electric clock電子鐘 above his bed. 2.There is a light 燈______his head. A.over

15、 B.above C.on ●方位介詞under與below的用法辨析 *介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”，如： 1.They were seen under the tree. *介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如： 1.They live below us.他們住在我們下面（樓下） ●方位介詞across,、through、over,用法辨析 *介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。 1.She went across the street穿越街道 to do some shoppng.

16、2.Mr Wang planned to swim______the Chang Jiang River next month. A.through B.across C.past D.over 4.The went________the desert沙漠last year. A.through B.across C.over D.past *介詞through著重于“穿越”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)部穿過。 1.The sunlight was coming in through the window. 2.They went_____

17、___the forest森林to find the way to the Palace. A.across B.through C.over D.past *介詞over多表示從“上方越過”，如： 1.He failed to go over the mountain穿越大山; he had to go round it. ●方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析 *介詞in表示“在---內(nèi)”，“排、行、組”，如： 1.We are in Team One. 2.He puts his hands in his pockets口袋 *介詞on表示“在左、右”，在

18、上面，如： 1.Li Ping is on my left/right在右邊，在左邊. *at“在旁邊” 1.They were eating at the table now在飯桌旁吃飯 *at后接小地方，in后接大地方 詞匯：at home在家，at the busstation在車站，at scholl,at work在上班， at the end of在---盡頭，at the beginning of一開始---；in China,in Beijing, in the world在這個(gè)世界，in the open air在戶外，in the end最終， st

19、ay in bed臥床睡覺， 1()When did you arrive_____the train station? A.in B.at C.on D.in front 2()He was born_____Wuhan. A.at B.in C.on D.of 3填詞:Mary is flying to France soon,she will arrive____Paris____the morning of July 9. 4()We waited ages for a taxi,We gave up放棄_____and walked home.

20、 A.at the beginning B.in the end C.at first C.at least 5.He lives______a small village.A.in B.on C.for D.in * in 表示在某地范圍之內(nèi)； to 表示在某地范圍之外； on 表示與某地相鄰或接壤。如： 1. Shanghai is/lies in位于 the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。 Beijing is in the north of China. 2.Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于

21、中國的東面。 France lies to the south of England. 3.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古國位于中國北邊。 Canada lies on the north of the U.S. ●方位介詞to、for的用法辨析 *介詞to表示目的地或去的目的，“from---to---”從---到---，如： 1.will you take a train to Tianjian? 2.填詞：-How far is it_______your home to school、 -It’s

22、 about half an hour’s bus ride. 3.填詞：My father works in a factory________Monday____Saturday. *介詞for表示目的，動(dòng)身去某地等，如： 1.He got on a train for Shanghai. 2.The train is leaving_____Tianjing at 6pm.A.to B.for C.at 3.填詞：Here is a letter____you。這是給你的信件 I bought some flowers as作為 a present禮物____

23、_Teachers’ Day. 三．其他易混介詞的用法辨析 ●原因介詞because、as、for的用法辨析 *介詞because表示“因?yàn)?；由于”指直接的，用來回答why的問句，語氣最強(qiáng)。 1.The boy didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. *介詞as表示“由于”指一種顯而易見、談話雙方已知的理由。 1.She stayed at home as she had no car. *介詞for表示 “因?yàn)?由于”指一種間接原因， 1.It must have rained last night, for the

24、 road is wet路面濕滑. ●材料介詞of和from的用法 *be made of“由---制成”，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí)， 1.The desk is made of wood.課桌由木頭制成。 2.The socks are made of silk.襪子有絲綢制成。 *be made from “由---制成”，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí)， 1.Wine is made from grapes.酒由葡萄制成。 2.Paper is made from wood.紙由木頭制成。 ●表示“用”的介詞in、with、by的用法辨析 *介詞in表示“用材料、聲音，語

25、言” 介詞with表示“用工具、某物” 介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過…方法” 1.Can you say it in English?用英語說 2.I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色筆寫字 3.The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通過賣花來賺錢 ●介詞between與among的用法辨析 *介詞between 表示“在兩者之間” 介詞among表示“在…當(dāng)中（三者或以上）之間 1.Don’t sit between the two girls. 2.There is a hotel be

26、tween the bank and the pay phone. 3.They lived among the mountains群山之間 in the past. 4.The bad news spread 傳播among the students在學(xué)生間 quickly. ●介詞besides與except的用法辨析 *介詞besides表示“除…之外（全部包括在內(nèi)）” 介詞except表示“除…之外（不計(jì)算在內(nèi)） 1.We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang. 2.We are all Chinese except Tom in

27、 our class. 3.Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，還有30個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外30人都去了) 4.He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 除了足球，他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣。 5.Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)） 6.All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人

28、。（其他人是日本人，可他不是） ●表示計(jì)量的介詞：at, for, by *at表示“以……速度”“以……價(jià)格” For表示具體價(jià)格， by表示“以……計(jì)”，后跟度量單位。 1.It flies飛 at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小時(shí)900公里的速度飛行。 2.I sold my car at a high price. 我以高價(jià)出售了我的汽車。 3.We have sweaters at a good price.以優(yōu)惠價(jià) 4.He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把車賣了。

29、 5.They paid him by month. 他們按月給他計(jì)酬。 6.Here eggs are sold被賣 by weight. 在這里雞蛋是按重量賣的。 ●表示工具或手段的介詞：by, with, on * by用某種方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車，by e-mail.通過電子郵件。 （注：表示搭乘交通工具時(shí)，用by時(shí)不用冠詞，用in時(shí)要用冠詞） 1.I went there （by bus/in a bus）. 我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。 *with表示“用某種工具”。 1.He broke the window wit

30、h a stone. 他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。 *on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定詞組。 1.They talked on the telephone. 他們通過電話進(jìn)行交談。 2.She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通過收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語。 3.He enjoys watching soccer game on Tv. ●表示 “關(guān)于的介詞”：of, about, on *think of/about認(rèn)為，覺得 1.What do you think of/about認(rèn)為，覺得 Chinese food./

31、-I think it’s great. 2.He thought about考慮 this matter yesterday. 他昨天考慮了這件事。 *about“關(guān)于”某人某事的情況和內(nèi)容 1.Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎？ 2.They are talking about談?wù)撽P(guān)于（ animals/Chinese movies） *on指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的事。 1.It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本

32、有關(guān)中國歷史的教科書。 ●表示原因： *because of “由于”，表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。 *Thanks to表示引起某種幸運(yùn)結(jié)果的原因，常譯為“幸虧……，多虧……” 1.He retired退休 last month( because of illness疾病/because he was ill). 2.Thanks to John, we won the game. 多虧約翰，我們才贏了這場比賽。 3.Thanks to the doctor,my sister was taken good care of. 多虧了醫(yī)生，我妹妹得到了很好的照顧。 4.To

33、m stayed in bed臥病在床(because of his headache/because he had a headache.)■表示好像或當(dāng)作的介詞：like, as ● *like表示“像……一樣”， *as表示“作為，以……身份而工作” 1.I want to buy a sweater like像 this我想要買一件像這樣的毛衣。 2.Could you do it like this?你可以像這樣做這件事嗎？ 3.He talked to me as a father. 他以父親的身份跟我談話。 4.She wants to find a job

34、 as a teacher/driver. 5.The woman works as a doctor in a hospital. ●表示支持或反對的介詞 *against反對；for 支持 1.Are you for my idea or against it? 你贊同還是反對我的想法？ 中考介詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練： 1.Tom was good______playing the guitar,but now he plays the violin well. 2.Jenny is better______drawing than

35、singing. 3.please don’t laugh_____her.she only made a small mistake. 4.Last Sunday,he stayed______home and watched TV all day. 5.my father is______work now. 6.I’m poor薄弱_______my English. 7._____the way,could you tell me the_____to Hongxing Hotel? 8.-Are you interested________reading novels?

36、 -Yes,because interest is the best teacher. 9.Tony was very_________in math,so his math was very impressed印象很深. 10.She studies English well,she usually writes diaries寫日記_____English. 11.When you are_____trouble,you could ask police for help. 12.You’re not allowed to shout____others別人______pub

37、lic. 13.They arrived______Beijing yesterday afternoon. 14.Go down the street沿著這條街道走，turn right at the third crossing.在第三拐角處向右拐，then然后go straight照直走until you arrive______a bridge,you will see a bank next_____a library. 15.Keeping_____time守時(shí)is very important for everybody in Switzerland瑞士 16.-How

38、do you get to work? -I get to work______foot. 17.On his way______school,Jack met an old friend of his fatehrs’ 18.-May I try_____the grey coat? -Sure,here is the fitting room------oh,it looks nice_____you. 19.Tony is talking_____the phone with his friend Jenny. 20.The price價(jià)格of the apple

39、s depend_____取決于how many kilos you want to buy. 21.-Where do you want to have a trip this National Day? -My family decided______Canada at last. 22.You should drive ___the right in China,but in England you are supposed to drive ____the left. 23.It’s too cold outside,please put______you sweate

40、r. It’s too hot outside,please take______your coat. 24.The students are listening_____the teacher carefully now. 25.I miss you very much,please write____me soon. 26.Before going____bed,Tom usually spends about 15miutes_____newspaeres. 27.-Whose dictionary is this? -It

41、 must belong_____Jim,there is his name on it. 28.The teacher was very angry_____Jenny,because she was late for class again. 29.At this point在這一點(diǎn)上，he doesn’t agree____his father. 30.Nowdays many teenagers青少年disagree_____their parents. 31.-Excuse me,Could you help me_____my English study? -Sure

42、,I’d love to. 32.Jackson always helps his mother_____housework at home. 33.Could you help me______swimming/sports? 34.How do you get on______your family? -I get on well with my family. 35-Jenny gets on well_____his classmates.相處融洽 36.-What’s the matter with you?你怎么了？ -I argued_____my pa

43、rents,what should I do? 37.My father is busy_______his work all day. 38.Could you tell me how to deal_____this problem?如何處理問題 39.The man who is talking______my father is my Physics teacher. 40.He came _____with a good idea/plan finally最終，他想出一個(gè)好主意/計(jì)劃 41.The weather in Austraila is very different

44、_____that in China. 42.My haircut發(fā)型is different______yours. 42.I have the same haircut______Xiao Ming does. 43.Tony is the same age______Tom. 44.He is not as tall_____his deskmates. 45.I come______Japan,I can speak Japanese,I live_____Xiamen now. 46.The post office is across______the supermark

45、et. 47.The pay phone is _______library and the hotel. 48.The boy sitting next____me is my younger brother. 49.-What do you think ____Chinese food? -I think it’s great. 50.Could you go to the airport to meet my friend Laowang instead____me? 51.He can speak Chinese______of English. 52.He lik

46、es playing baseball_____of basketball. 53.Please don’t worry____your mother,she is Ok now. 54.I was worried_____my pet cat,because it’s not well. 55.They are talking______animals. 56.Could you tell me something______your family? 57.Jenny paid lots of money_____her new computer. 58.The train

47、is leaving_____Shanghai at 6pm. 59.Please don’t be late______class,it’s not good for your study. 60.Tony was always late_____school before,but now he is nevr late. 61.Taking______a walk after dinner飯后散步is good for your health. 62.The man may be late______work,he walk so quickly. 63.-What are yo

48、u looking_______? -I’m looking_____my lost pen,but I can’t find it. 64.The mother looked_____his son everywhere到處，she looked worried. 65.He prefers milk_____tea.他更喜歡牛奶而不是茶。 66.He prefers staying at home____watching movies with friends on weekends. 67.Please don’t use your mobile phone in clas

49、s,or the teacher will take it______. My teacher took_______my mobile phone when I used it in class. 68.When you leave home,please don’t forget to turn_____the light. 69.Please don’t give______hope when you meet trouble遇上困境。 70.Please help me put______the picture on the wall. 71.My little sis

50、ter is sleeping,please turn______the music. 72.I want to hear the music together with you,could you turn it____ a little? 73.He is a kind and generous man,he gives lots of money_____to the hope project捐錢給希望工程。 74.He fixed修理the bikes and gave them_______to the kids. 75.My English teacher is vey k

51、ind,she regards us students______his kids. 76.I used to be afraid_____the big dog,but now I’m not afraid at all. 77.The farmers農(nóng)民are getting ready_____the next year. 78.-How far is it_______your home to school? -It’s a little far_____here.離這兒有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)。 -It’s quite far______here.離這兒相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)。 79.They

52、 are waiting_____a bus at the bus station. He is waiting_____you at the gate在門邊 now. 80.He is coming back______three hours.三小時(shí)后他要回來。 81.I have been here______a long time. 82.Lao Wang has been living in Xiamen(______two years/_____two years ago). 83.Last night he didn’t go to bed______12 o’cl

53、ock. 84.I study English______making flashing and watching English movies. 85.Tom is the tallest最高_(dá)__the four. 86.It’s very important_____me to eat more fruits. 87.He worked _____a doctor in a hospital. 88.I bought some flowers______a present作為禮物_____Teachers’Day. 89.English is spoken被說______a

54、second language作為第二門外語in many countries在許多國家 90.-Can I help you,please? -I’d like to buy a sweater_____this. 91.Tim’s mum is worried_____her son’s eyesight視力as由于he plays online games too much. 92.He likes watching soccer____TV. 93.The boy is looking____his wallet錢包everywhere到處。 94.Man人類will

55、 not live生存______sunshine陽關(guān)and water. 95.______your help.I couldn’t do it better. _______the help of him在他的幫助下.I finished the job_____time. 中考常用介詞詞組： 1.at first首先； at the beginning of一開始； be good at擅長； not---at all---一點(diǎn)也不； at work在上班；

56、 at dinner在吃飯； at the same time在同時(shí)； Sit at the table在飯桌旁（吃飯）； stay at home呆在家；at the back of在---后面； Laugh at sb取笑某人； at least至少； shout at sb對著---大叫; knock at the door敲門； look at瞧，看一看--- 2.by the way順便說（問）一下； by bik

57、e騎自行車； by car/taxi坐車 By hand用手； by the end of到---結(jié)束時(shí)； by the time到---時(shí)候； Day by day一天又一天； 3.in a word總而言之； in English用英語； stay in bed臥病在床； Be ill in hospital生病住院； in public在公共場合； be in trouble處于困境 In fact事實(shí)上；

58、 in a hurry匆忙地 in the street在街道上； in space在太空； in this way用這種方法； in the day在白天； in the end最終； be interested in對---感興趣； arrive in/at到達(dá) do well in做得好； be born in出生于；

59、 take part in參加； hand in上交； 4.on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)； on foot步行； on the left在左邊； On the right在右邊 on one’s way to在---路上； on duty在值日； Out of work失業(yè)； decide on決定； try on試穿；

60、 Pass on message傳遞口信； depend on依賴，依靠； talk on the phone用電話交談 put on穿上--- 5.to one’s surprise讓---驚訝的是； get to到達(dá)； listen to聽------ Go to bed/sleep去睡覺； belong to屬于； write to sb寫信給----- 6.be angry with sb生---的氣；

61、agree /disagreewith sb(不)同意---的看法； Catch up with趕上； play with sth玩弄---； talk with/to sb同---交談； Get along/on with與---相處； help sb with sth幫某人做某事； go on with繼續(xù)--- deal with處理，對付； come up with想出主意，提出看法 together with與---一起；

62、 argue with sb與---吵架； be busy with（work）忙于--- be friendly with sb對---很友好 7.be different from不同于； hear from收到來信，聽到消息； Be away from遠(yuǎn)離； come from來自于； Across from在對過； 8.think of/about認(rèn)為，覺得； take care of照料； be made of由---制成；

63、 Hear of聽說； instead of代替，而不是； because of因?yàn)? with the help of---在---的幫助下； be afaid of害怕--- 9.worry about擔(dān)心，為---焦慮； be worried about擔(dān)心，焦慮 Talk about談?wù)撽P(guān)于--- think about 認(rèn)為，考慮，覺得 10.pay for sth付錢，買---； ask sb for

64、help向---請求幫助；look for sth尋找 Wait for sb等候某某； leave for出發(fā)去某地； be late for class/schoo/work--遲到 go for a walk去散步； get ready for為---作準(zhǔn)備； 11.Thanks to多虧，由于； say hello to sb問候某某； say goodbye to sb告別--- Go to movies

65、去看電影； go to the cinema去電影院； according to根據(jù)； prefer sth---to sth---更喜歡---而不是--- Next to挨著，靠著； the answer to the question問題的答案； The key to the door門上的鑰匙； prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜歡做---而不是做--- 12.look like看起來像； take away取走，拿走； look around向四

66、周看 put away收拾，整理； Take off脫下（鞋帽，衣物），飛機(jī)起飛； turn on/off打開/關(guān)上； Pu up張貼，舉起來； regard as把---當(dāng)做； Go along the road/street沿著---走； not---until---直到---才--- Give up放棄 give away捐贈 The same as與---一樣 (not)as---as---與---（不）一樣 16