2020年中考英語總復習 基礎(chǔ)語法 專題五 介詞試題

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1、專題五 介詞 學前自測（發(fā)現(xiàn)考點） ( )1. I lost my way ___ a rainy night and my parents were quite worried ____ me. A. in; about B. on; about C. at; with D. on; with ( )2. When our parents are not at home, we need to ____ourselves. A. look after B. look at C. look up

2、 D. look around ( )3. —When did your aunt arrive China? —She got to Guangzhou the morning of May 15th. A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on ( )4. It's very nice ____ you to pick me up at the bus station. A. for B. to C. of D. with ( )5. —

3、What does your English teacher look like? —She is a pretty lady ____ long straight hair. A. on B. with C. of D. for ( )6. —When is your summer vacation? —It begins ____ July 15th and I don't have to go to school until August 31th. A. on B.

4、 in C. at D. by ( )7. I paid about 100 dollars ____ the new clothes. A. for B. on C. to D. of ( )8. The earthquake happened in Yunnan Province ____ a cold morning of December. A. in B. at C. to D. on (

5、 )9. —What happened to Mark? —He fell off the bike ____ a snowy morning. A. in B. at C. on D. when ( )10. —Mum, where are my socks? —Under your bed. You should ____ your things. A. put on B. put down C. put away D. put off ?？伎键c知識清單（研習考點） 考點一 常用介

6、詞的主要用法 1. in 的主要用法 (1) 表示在某年、某月、某季節(jié),在上午、下午、晚上等。 I will come and see you in the afternoon. 下午我來看你。 (2) 在……以后。 I will come back in a week. 我將于一周之后回來。 (3) 在……里。 The two brothers study in the same class. 兩兄弟在同一個班里上課。 (4) 穿著;戴著。 The man in black is Li Ming's brother. 穿著黑色衣服的那個人是李明的哥哥。 (5) (表示手段

7、、方法、材料)用;以。 People used to write in ink. 人們過去常常用墨水寫字。 2. on 的主要用法 (1) 表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。 My birthday party will be held on Sunday evening. 我的生日聚會將在星期日的晚上舉行。 (2) 在……上。 The books are on the desk. 書在課桌上。 (3) 關(guān)于;有關(guān)。 Why not give her some advice on learning English well? 為什么不給她一些關(guān)于學好英語的建議呢?

8、 (4) 以……方式;通過。 Did you hear it on the radio? 你是從收音機里聽到這條消息的嗎? 3. for 的主要用法 (1) 表示時間、距離,意為“計;達”。 We will stay there for two days. 我們將在那里逗留兩天。 (2) 表示“當作;作為”。 I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。 (3) 表示理由或原因,意為“因為;由于”。 I want to go back for my pen. 我想回去拿我的鋼筆。 (4) 表示動作的對象或接受

9、者,意為“給……”;“對……(而言)”。 Let me pick it up for you. 讓我為你撿起來。 (5) 表示去向、目的,意為“向;往;取;買”等。 I came here for my schoolbag. 我來這兒取書包。 (6) 表示所屬關(guān)系或用途,意為“為;適于……的”。 Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你的一封信。 (7) 表示“支持;贊成”,反義詞是 against。 Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對這個計劃? 4. by 的主要用法 (1) 靠;用;通過。 My

10、 mother goes to work by bike. 我媽媽騎自行車去上班。 (2) 被;由。 This skirt was made by my mother. 這條短裙是我媽媽做的。 (3) 在……旁邊。 There are many trees by the river. 河邊有許多樹。 (4) 不遲于;在……之前。 We have to get there by evening. 我們必須在夜晚前抵達那里。 5. with 的主要用法 (1) 與……一起;偕同;和。 She lives with her son. 她和兒子住在一起。 (2) 有;具有;帶有。

11、反義詞是 without。 The girl with long hair is my classmate. 長頭發(fā)的那個女孩是我同學。 (3) 以(手段、材料);用(工具)。 My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks. 我的一位美國朋友在學著用筷子吃飯。 考點二 常用介詞詞組 1. 動詞+介詞 look after/ at/ for/ like; laugh at; listen to; hear from/ of; wait for; worry about; talk about/ to/ with;

12、think of/ about; pay for; knock at/ on; shout at/ to; arrive at/ in; get to; ask for; send for; play with; come/ be from; work on; agree with; add to; belong to; devote to; do/ deal with 2. 介詞+名詞 by train; on foot; at the end of; at last/ first; in the end; in trouble; in danger; in surprise; at t

13、able; at breakfast; in hospital; in/ on time; on one's way to; with pleasure; at times; for example; for fun; in bed; in public; on earth; on business; on duty; on foot; on show; on sale; in style 3. be+形容詞+介詞 be afraid of; be good at; be good/ bad for; be late for; be interested in; be angry wi

14、th; be full of; be sorry for; be worried about; be famous for; be mad at; be ready for; be different from; be busy with; be strick with/ in; be proud of; be opposite to 考點三 易混介詞歸納 1. 表示時間的介詞 (1) 詞語辨析:in, on 與 at 介詞 適用范圍 例子 在 某 個 時 間 in 表示在某年、某月、季節(jié)、世紀、上午、下午、晚上等 in 2019, in Septemb

15、er, in summer, in the 1890s, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening on 在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、 下午或晚上等 on Monday, on Tuesday afternoon, on May 4th, on the morning of July 6th, on a windy night at 跟具體的鐘點 at six o'clock, at ten thirty at 用于和時間有關(guān)的固定短語 at noon, at midnight, at first, at last, at night, at

16、 the age of, at the beginning of (2) 詞語辨析:in, after 在……之后 in+一段時間 指從說話時算起來 的一段時間之后 與將來時連用 My sister will come back in three weeks. 我姐姐將在三周后回來。 after+一段時間 以過去時間為起點 的一段時間之后 與過去時 連用 She came to Shanghai last month and after a week she flew to New York. 她上個月來的上海,一周后她就飛往紐約了。 (3) 詞語辨析:sin

17、ce, for since 和 for 都可與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,since 表示從過去的某一時刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,后面跟過去的時間狀語;for 表示動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程,后面跟一段時間。 Mr Green has worked in this city since 2000. 自 2000 年以來格林先生就在這座城市工作。 I have studied here since three years ago. 自從三年前我就在這里學習。 Bob has collected stamps for ten years. 鮑伯收集郵票有十年的時間了。 2. 表示方位的介詞 (1) 詞語辨析

18、:in, on 與 to 三者的區(qū)別可用圖示表示如下: in 表示在范圍內(nèi), eg: B is in the east of A. on 表示兩地接壤, eg: C is on the east of A. to 表示在范圍外, eg: D is to the east of A. (2) 詞語辨析:above, over, on, below, under, beneath above, over 與 on 意思都是“在……的上面”,below, under 與 beneath 意思都是“在……的下面”。 above 表示在某物體的上方,但與物體不接觸也不一定垂直,其反義

19、詞是 below。 over 表示在某物體的正上方,與物體垂直但不接觸,其反義詞是 under。 on 表示在物體的表面之上,與物體相接觸,其反義詞是 beneath。 Planes fly above the white clouds. 飛機在白色的云朵上面飛翔。 All the fields are below the planes. 所有的田地都在飛機的下面。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋。 My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下面。 My books are on the desk. 我的書在課

20、桌上。 (3) 詞語辨析:in front of 與 in the front of; behind 與 at the back of There is a library in front of / behind the post office. 在郵局的前面/ 后面有一個圖書館。 Mike sits in the front of / at the back of the classroom. 邁克坐在教室的前面/ 后面。 (4) 詞語辨析:between, among between 強調(diào)在兩者之間,但后面接三者或三者以上時,是把物體分別看待,表示每兩者之間;among

21、 強調(diào)在三者或三者以上之間。 用圖示表示為: The cinema is between the bank and the library. 電影院在銀行和圖書館之間。 The teacher usually stands among us. 老師通常站在我們中間。 3. 表示方向的介詞 詞語辨析:across, through 與 over 單詞 意思 方式 例句 across 橫過 指從這邊到另一邊 Be careful when you walk across the street. 當你橫穿街道時要小心。 through 穿過 從一個物體的空間里

22、穿過 The boy looks at things through his glasses. 這個男孩通過他的眼鏡看東西。 over 翻越 從物體上方經(jīng)過,翻過 Who can jump over the wall? 誰能翻過這面墻? 4. 表示交通方式的介詞:by, in 與 on by 后面直接跟交通方式的名詞;如果名詞前面有限定詞修飾,則用 on 或 in。 My father goes to work by bike every day. =My father goes to work on a bike every day. 我爸爸每天騎自行車去上班。 注意:

23、 on 表示交通方式時,還常用于短語 on foot, walk to work=go to work on foot。 5. 表示手段或工具的介詞:by, in 與 with 介詞 用法 例句 by 表示使用某種方式或手段,名詞前面不加任何冠詞 I like to eat the dumplings made by hand. 我喜歡吃手工包的餃子。 in 表示使用某種語言或某種材料,名詞前面不加任何冠詞 Can you say it in English? 你能用英語說它嗎? with 后面跟具體的工具,名詞前需加冠詞或 形容詞性物主代詞 I do my h

24、omework with a pen. 我用鋼筆做我的家庭作業(yè)。 6. 與“制成”有關(guān)的介詞短語 詞語辨析:be made of, be made from, be made into, be made in (2) 材料+be made into+成品(……被制成……) (3) 某物+be made in+地點(某物產(chǎn)于某地) This kind of wine is made from grapes. 這種酒是用葡萄制成的。 The house is made of wood. 這座房子是用木頭制成的。 Glass is made into glasses. 用玻璃制

25、成玻璃杯。 7. 表示“除了”的介詞 詞語辨析:except 與 besides except 表示“除……外”,指除去的不算在內(nèi),except 的賓語排除在外;besides 表示“除……外,還有”,besides 的賓語也算在內(nèi)。 but 表示“除外”時,與 except 同義,但是 but 常和 no one, nobody, nothing 等表示否定意義的詞連用。 They went there except Tom. 除了湯姆他們都去那里了。 Besides Maths, I like Chinese and English. 除了數(shù)學,我還喜歡語文和英語。 The

26、re is nobody in the classroom but Li Lei. 除了李磊,教室里沒有人。 鞏固訓練（夯實基礎(chǔ)） 一、單項選擇 ( )1. —I think drinking milk is good our health. —I agree ____ you. A. for; with B. of; to C. for; to D. of; to ( )2. —Guess, how much does this bag cost? —I think it costs ____

27、15 and 20 dollars. A. from B. between C. among D. with ( )3. —When was you born? —I was born ____ the evening of June ____ . A. at; first B. to; thirtieth C. on; the twelfth D. in; ninth ( )4. My friend Ann, often practices Englis

28、h ____ chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with ( )5. —Your dress is so nice. Is it made ____ silk?—Yes, and it is made _____ Beijing. A. of; in B. by; at C. from; at D. of; at ( )6. —When will your parent

29、s come back from China?— ____ three weeks' time. A. Of B. In C. At D. With ( )7. —Tom, hurry up! It's time ____ school.—I know, Mum. But I can't find my schoolbag. A. to B. of C. for D. in ( )8. —Where is Beijing, Mari

30、a? —Mm…It's ____ the northeast of China. A. in B. on C. at D. to ( )9. —We can't go outside ____ the heavy rain. —Then we can play a computer game. A. instead of B. because of C. after all D. out of ( )10. —Yang Mi is very popular ____ us. —Yes. She is one of my favourite stars. A. for B. of C. with D. to 答案： 學前自測 1-5 BADCB 6-10 AADCC 鞏固訓練 1-5 ABCBA 6-10 BCABC 8