2020年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法 專題十 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題

專題十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)前自測(cè)（發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)）( )1. I know you are busy, but you look pale. You'd better _ a good rest.A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having( )2. Mum, please ask Sally _ any noise. Im doing my homework.A. not make B. don't make C. not to make D. don't to make( )3. I decided _ weight by eating less every day. Oh, forget it! You have said that again and again.A. to lose B. lost C. losing D. lose( )4. I love my cat and spend a lot of time _ after it.A. look B. looks C. to look D. looking( )5. My mother advised me _ to music when I was doing my homework, or I will make a lot of mistakes.A. listening B. listen to not C. not to listen D. to listen( )6. He asked her _ the bag because it was too expensive.A. not to buy B. to buy not C. not buying D. not buy( )7. I wanted to ask my friend _ me with the Maths problem, but my teacher didn't allow.A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping( )8. You were in such a hurry this morning. What happened? Oh. I got up too late this morning. So I had to run as fast as I could _ the bus.A. catch B. catching C. to catching D. to catch( )9. I feel a bit thirsty now. Why not _ for a cold drink with us?A. go B. going C. to go D. do you go( )10. We had better stop _. It's going to rain.A. run B. ran C. to run D. running?？伎键c(diǎn)知識(shí)清單（研習(xí)考點(diǎn)）考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,有加 to 和省略 to 兩種形式,可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。1. 作主語(yǔ)To travel around China is my dream. 環(huán)游中國(guó)是我的夢(mèng)想。注意:不定式作主語(yǔ),整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)看成一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式放于句末,來(lái)保持句子的平衡,常見(jiàn)的句式有:(1) it takes sb. some time to do sth.It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework. 完成我的英語(yǔ)家庭作業(yè)花費(fèi)了我 20 分鐘的時(shí)間。(2) its + adj. / n. +to do sthIt's interesting to read the English books. 讀英語(yǔ)書(shū)是很有趣的。(3) it's+adj. +for+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞不定式的。It's hard for me to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很難的。(4) it's+adj. +of+sb. +to do sth. 其中形容詞是用來(lái)修飾某人的。It's very kind of you to help me. 幫助我你真是太好了。2. 作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),主要表示愿望、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等,一般可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。His wish is to be a teacher. 他的愿望就是當(dāng)一名老師。To be a policeman is his wish. 當(dāng)一名警察是他的愿望。3. 作賓語(yǔ)decide, would like, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail, agree 等后只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。They agreed to start early. 他們同意早點(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身。注意:當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),通常還可以用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式。 常跟 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: find, think, make 等。I found it difficult to get on with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處是很難的。4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的后跟帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow 等。I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告訴過(guò)他別在墻上亂畫(huà)。巧記:不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略 to 的口訣一感:feel 二聽(tīng):hear, listen to 三讓:let, make, have 四看:see, watch, notice, look at 半幫助:help5. 作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。 動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。注意:如果作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)中的短語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞,切記不能漏掉介詞。I have a small room to live in. 我有一間小屋可以居住。6. 作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)可以作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。I come to see you. 我來(lái)看你了。7. “特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成份。She asked me when to start. 她問(wèn)我什么時(shí)候出發(fā)?？键c(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞在形式上,動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣。 但它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞性的名詞,它具有名詞的絕大多數(shù)特征,可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成份。1. 作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Smoking is harmful. 吸煙是有害的。2. 作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。The nurse's job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurse's job. 護(hù)士的工作就是照顧病人。3. 作賓語(yǔ)(1) 有些動(dòng)詞后面必須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),而不能跟不定式。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有 mind, finish, enjoy, practice, keep, miss, consider, suggest 等。 另外,動(dòng)名詞還可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽煙嗎?(2) 常見(jiàn)的后接動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)能接動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)很多,初中階段常見(jiàn)的有:be busy (忙于),be worth (值得),can't help (禁不住),give up (放棄),be used to (習(xí)慣于), stop/ prevent/ keepfrom (阻止),look forward to (盼望),feel like (想要),think of(考慮),be good at (擅長(zhǎng)),be interested in (對(duì)感興趣),succeed in (成功)等。巧記:只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)列舉如下:完成、實(shí)踐、值得、忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)繼續(xù)、習(xí)慣、放棄(keep, be used to, give up)考慮、建議、不禁、想要(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)喜歡、思念、介意(enjoy, miss, mind)4. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等,一般置于被修飾詞前。He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡覺(jué)?？键c(diǎn)三 分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。 現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義,而過(guò)去分詞則具有被動(dòng)和已經(jīng)完成的含義。1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾的名詞前;分詞短語(yǔ)則須置于被修飾的名詞后。The dancing girl shouted to him, but he didn't hear her. 那個(gè)正在跳舞的女孩正在向他喊話,但他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。The broken cup needs repairing. 那個(gè)破茶杯需要修補(bǔ)。注意:以-ed 形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人,以-ing 形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于修飾物。The news made all of us excited. 這個(gè)消息使我們都很興奮。2. 分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ),一般表示主語(yǔ)的特征和屬性。The result is surprising. 結(jié)果是令人吃驚的。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。3. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1) see, watch, hear, keep, find, notice 等動(dòng)詞后可跟分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 句子的賓語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),它們之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 而過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),與賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I found him reading a novel. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在看小說(shuō)。(2) have/ get sth. done 表示“請(qǐng)別人做某事”,其中的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),與賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我將找人給我理發(fā)。I must get my bike repaired. 我必須請(qǐng)人修理我的自行車。4. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ),主要表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他們有說(shuō)有笑地走出了教室。 (伴隨狀語(yǔ))The car, hit badly, can't move at all. 那車被撞得很嚴(yán)重,一點(diǎn)兒都不能移動(dòng)了。 (原因狀語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)四 特殊動(dòng)詞的特殊用法有些動(dòng)詞后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種截然不同的含義。 如:1. go on to do sth. 接著做另一件事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事2. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事3. remember to do sth. 記著去做某事 remember doing sth. 記著做過(guò)某事了4. stop to do sth. 停下手頭的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做著的事情5. try to do sth. 盡力做某事 try doing sth. 試著做某事6. mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事7. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允許做某事鞏固訓(xùn)練（夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. I had my hair _ yesterday. I see. It suits you well.A. cutting B. been cut C. cut D. to be cut( )2. I like reading books _ by Lu Xun. So am I.A. write B. are written C. writing D. written( )3. When I went into the room, I found _ in bed.A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying( )4. Did he say anything? No, he left the room without _ anything.A. saying B. to say C. said D. to saying( )5. The boy stood in the front of the classroom, _ a passage.A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads( )6. Mother likes shopping very much. Yes. She would rather _ around for hours in shops than _ TV at home.A. walk; watch B. to walk; watch C. to walk; to watch D. walk; to watch( )7. Remember _ the book to me when you finish _ it. All right.A. to return; reading B. returning; readingC. to return; to read D. returning; to read( )8. Children are often told _ unhealthy food. It's right. Unhealthy food is bad for them.A. to eat B. not to eat C. eating D. not eating( )9. What's your dream? My dream is _ a university in Shenzhen.A. to go to B. go to C. going to D. gone to( )10. You have kept him _ for an hour. Oh, I'm sorry I forgot the time.A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1. The _ (excite) girl is jumping happily.2. _ (smoke) is bad for your health.3. I did what I could _ (help) him improve his study.4. Its a sunny day. What about _ (have) a picnic?5. I found it difficult _ (get) on well with her.6. Would you mind _ (turn) off the television?7. I spent an hour _ (clean) the room.8. Its hard for me _ (learn) Chinese well.9. My bike is broken. I must get it _ (repair).10. I am very tired. I want to stop _ (have) a rest.答案：學(xué)前自測(cè)1-5 ACADC 6-10 ACDAD 鞏固訓(xùn)練一、1-5 CDAAB6-10 AABAD二、1. excited2. Smoking3. to help4. having5. to get6. turning7. cleaning8. to learn9. repaired10. to have8