SJ90單螺桿擠出機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計（含CAD圖紙）
SJ90單螺桿擠出機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計（含CAD圖紙）,sj90,螺桿,擠出機(jī),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,cad,圖紙
沈陽化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致 謝
摘 要
塑料是四大工業(yè)材料中發(fā)展速度最快的一種材料，塑料工業(yè)是新興的工業(yè)。近年來，隨著塑料工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展，塑料制品的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也在不斷擴(kuò)展，塑料加工設(shè)備已滲透到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各個行業(yè)，成為我國機(jī)械工業(yè)的重要組成部分，在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著越來越重要的作用。其中塑料成型機(jī)械是塑料工業(yè)中的一個重要組成部分，是完成塑料制品生產(chǎn)成型的必要手段，而擠出成型又是塑料成型加工的重要成型方法之一。
本文主要講述的是塑料擠出成型的原理、特點、結(jié)構(gòu)組成、分類、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、主要零部件及有關(guān)的調(diào)控系統(tǒng)和輔助裝置、擠出過程、設(shè)備的安全操作和維護(hù)保養(yǎng)以及主要故障的排除等內(nèi)容，并闡述這些內(nèi)容之間的相互關(guān)系及影響。并且在講解單桿塑料擠出機(jī)的工作原理、基本結(jié)構(gòu)和有關(guān)專業(yè)知識的基礎(chǔ)上，具體深入分析問題，理論與實際相結(jié)合，并從機(jī)理、結(jié)構(gòu)以及塑料成型工藝、設(shè)備的調(diào)控、安全及維護(hù)保養(yǎng)等方面綜合分析問題，找出矛盾的主要方面，選擇最優(yōu)的改進(jìn)方案，來提高單桿塑料擠出機(jī)的綜合水平，從而獲得更好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。
塑料擠出機(jī)簡稱擠出機(jī)（又名壓出機(jī)），它是塑料加工過程中的主要設(shè)備之一。一般擠出機(jī)有五大部分組成：擠出部分、傳動部分、機(jī)頭、加熱冷卻系統(tǒng)、電氣控制系統(tǒng)。
擠出部分是擠出機(jī)的主體部分，主要作用是：剪切、塑化和捏煉塑料，以一定的壓力，均勻連續(xù)的向機(jī)頭輸送塑料。由加料裝置、螺桿、機(jī)筒、襯套等組成。其中螺桿分為單頭螺桿、雙頭螺桿和多頭螺桿。襯套材料一般為 38CrMoAlA。
傳動系統(tǒng)的作用是驅(qū)動螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)和根據(jù)工藝要求調(diào)節(jié)螺桿的轉(zhuǎn)速，傳動系統(tǒng)由電動機(jī)和減速器等組成。
機(jī)頭是擠出機(jī)的成形部分。它的作用是：使塑料由螺旋運動變?yōu)橹本€運動；在一定的壓力下，將塑料擠壓成各種所需形狀的半成品。
加熱冷卻系統(tǒng)是指為了使塑料很好的擠出，適時控制溫度，以防止塑料溫度過低或焦燒。
電氣控制系統(tǒng)的作用是滿足擠出工藝條件的需要，實現(xiàn)對擠出機(jī)機(jī)筒割斷溫度、集體溫度、螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速、驅(qū)動扭矩或功率、軸向力等的控制和調(diào)節(jié)。由溫控、調(diào)速和檢測裝置組成。
擠出機(jī)的基本工作過程：帶狀塑料加入加料口后，在旋轉(zhuǎn)螺桿的作用下，塑料被搓成團(tuán)狀沿螺桿槽滾動前進(jìn)，因螺桿的剪切、壓縮和攪拌作用塑料受到進(jìn)一步的混煉和塑化，溫度和壓力逐步提高，呈現(xiàn)出粘流狀態(tài)，以一定的壓力和溫度通過機(jī)頭，最后得到所需的一定形狀的半成品。
關(guān)鍵詞：單螺桿； 擠出機(jī)； 加熱冷卻系統(tǒng)； 傳動系統(tǒng)； 電氣控制系統(tǒng)
Abstract
Plastic materials industry is the four fastest-growing kind of material, the plastics industry is a new industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of the plastics industry, plastic products, applications are expanding, plastics processing equipment has been infiltrated into all sectors of the national economy, has become an important part of China's machinery industry in the national economy plays an increasingly the more important role. Wherein the plastic molding machinery and plastics industry is an important part of the necessary means to complete the production of plastic molding, and extrusion molding is one of the important methods of plastic molding process.
This paper describes a plastic extrusion principle, characteristics, composition, classification, main technical parameters, the main components and related regulatory systems and auxiliary equipment, extrusion process safety, equipment operation and maintenance as well as major fault Exclude other content, and explains the relationship between the content and impact of these. And explain the basis of a single shot plastic extrusion machine works, the basic structure and relevant expertise on specific in-depth analysis of the problem, the combination of theory and practice, and the regulatory mechanism, structure and plastic molding technology, equipment, safety and maintenance maintenance and other aspects of a comprehensive analysis of the problem, identify the main aspects of conflict and choose the best improvement program to improve the single pole plastic extruder comprehensive level, leading to better economic and social benefits.
The plastic rod extruding machine abbreviation extruder (also names extruding press),it is an important implemental of the plastic reclaiming process.The extruder is made of five parts:the part of extruding;the part of passing;the head;the system of heading and cooling;the electrical control system.
The major part of the extruder is the part extruding,it is the most use of shear ,rend and pinch the plastic,under afastness pressure,continuous send plastic to the head ,it made up of fill device ,screw,barrel,liner and so on,And the screw is disport of single screw;double screw;and multi-component screw.The material of liner is 38CrMoAlA.
The part of passing is driving the screw rotation and basic the need of the art factitious process to adjustment the screw royal .The part of passing is made of electrical engineering and reducer.
The head is the extruding machine formed part .Its function is:Causes the sizing material to become the translation by the helical motion ;under the certain pressure,extrudes the sizing materials which need the shape the half-finished product.
The system of heating and cooling is for the plastic well extrusion,we control the temperate to prevent the temperate too low or born.
The electrical control system is for the need of press,control the temperate of the barrel and the head ,the royal of the screw ,drive the torsion or power ,and adjustment the head ,the royal of the screw,driver the torsion or power,and adjustment the force of the axial ,is made of the temperate controller,the speed adjustment system,and the device of test.
The extruder`s fundamental process is this:get the plastic to the filler,under the shear of the screw ,the plastic was made small ball,because of the screw`s shear pressure and stirring,the plastic was futher rend and plastic,the temperate and the pressure get higher,and the plastic get plastic flow,under fastness pressure though the head,the last get the production you need.
Keyword: single-screw; extruder; the heatng cooling system; the transmiss-
ion system; electrical control system
目 錄
第一章緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況 1
1.3 單螺桿擠出機(jī)研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.4 課題研究意義和目的 2
1.5 課題主要研究內(nèi)容 2
第二章擠出機(jī)總體方案的確定 3
2.1 擠出機(jī)總體布局的基本要求 3
2.2 擠出機(jī)的主要參數(shù) 3
2.2.1 擠出機(jī)的主要性能參數(shù) 3
2.2.2 螺桿轉(zhuǎn)速 4
2.2.3 擠出機(jī)功率 4
2.2.4 軸向力 P 5
2.2.5 生產(chǎn)能力 Q 5
2.3 擠出機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 5
2.3.1 螺桿設(shè)計 5
2.3.2 螺槽深度和壓縮比的確定 6
2.3.3 螺距和螺紋升角的確定 8
2.4 本章小結(jié) 9
第三章螺桿方案的確定 10
3.1 螺桿類型的確定 10
3.2 螺桿的工作性能指標(biāo)評定 10
3.3 螺桿的選用原則 10
3.4 螺桿的分類 11
3.5 單螺桿擠出機(jī)及其基本操作 11
3.6 本章小結(jié) 12
第四章螺桿的設(shè)計與校核 14
4.1 螺桿材料 14
4.2 螺桿形式 14
4.3 螺桿參數(shù) 14
4.4 螺桿結(jié)構(gòu) 14
4.5 螺紋的斷面形狀 15
4.6 校核 15
4.7 本章小結(jié) 16
第五章機(jī)筒的設(shè)計及強(qiáng)度校核 17
5.1 機(jī)筒的類型 17
5.2 機(jī)筒材料的選擇 18
5.3 機(jī)筒參數(shù) 19
5.4 校核 19
5.5 本章小結(jié) 19
第六章其他零部件的設(shè)計與校核 20
6.1 螺桿與軸聯(lián)接處的花鍵的選擇與校核 20
6.2 推力軸承的選擇與校核 20
6.3 聯(lián)軸器的選擇與校核 21
6.4 機(jī)頭材料的選擇 21
6.5 溫度控制 21
6.6 電機(jī)的選擇 21
6.7 本章小結(jié) 22
結(jié) 論 23
參考文獻(xiàn) 24
致 謝 25
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