溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計【說明書+CAD+SOLIDWORKS】
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XX大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)任務(wù)書學(xué)院機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院班級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)號 課題名稱溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計起止時間2015年10月15日2016年05月28日(共 14 周)指導(dǎo)教師 職稱 課題內(nèi)容根據(jù)國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的谷物和蔬菜收獲機(jī)械,設(shè)計溫室韭菜收割機(jī),要求結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,安全性高,采收效果好,操作方便,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。具體要求如下:1.選擇合適動力傳遞方式,設(shè)計工作裝置和傳動裝置。2.繪制二維裝配圖和零件圖。3.要求利用Solidworks繪制三維圖。擬定工作進(jìn)度(以周為單位)第12周 查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),撰寫開題報告。第34周 根據(jù)國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的谷物和蔬菜收獲機(jī)械,確定溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的總體設(shè)計方案,繪制總體結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖。第56周 根據(jù)工作要求,計算并查閱相關(guān)手冊,選擇和設(shè)計各零部件。第79周 運(yùn)用AutoCAD軟件,繪制二維零件圖和裝配圖。第1011周 運(yùn)用三維設(shè)計軟件完成整機(jī)各零部件的三維建模并進(jìn)行運(yùn)動仿真。第12周 從工藝性能,經(jīng)濟(jì)性能,實用性能等方面對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行綜合評價、校核、修正。第13周 完成設(shè)計說明書。第14周 整理材料,準(zhǔn)備答辯。主要參考文獻(xiàn): 1馬建國,程佳衛(wèi),姚運(yùn)萍.鐮刀型韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計J.機(jī)械制造,2015(8):56-58. 2孫朋朋.設(shè)施韭菜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)探索與推廣J.安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報,2014(78):108. 3吳聚紅,李向前.淺析我國韭菜的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢J.農(nóng)業(yè)科技通訊,2006(9):10-11. 4王俊超.韭菜收種實現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化J.農(nóng)業(yè)知識,2014(32):37. 5奚方.雙刀韭菜收割機(jī)J.農(nóng)業(yè)知識,2013(13):106-109. 6郭志東,郭春瑤.剪刀式韭菜收割機(jī)J.2013(12):78. 7龔明明,張雪琴.一種新型半自動打捆機(jī)的設(shè)計P.201236960252.5,2012-06-19. 8時勝德.小型半喂入水稻聯(lián)合收割機(jī)研究J.廣西大學(xué),2005(35):78-79. 9胡志清.微型水稻設(shè)計與關(guān)鍵部件的研究J.中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué),2013(68):102.任務(wù)下達(dá)人(簽字)同意按此計劃進(jìn)行設(shè)計 年 月 日任務(wù)接受人意見任務(wù)接受人簽名 年 月 日注:1、此任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師填寫,任務(wù)下達(dá)人為指導(dǎo)教師。2、此任務(wù)書須在學(xué)生畢業(yè)實踐環(huán)節(jié)開始前一周下達(dá)給學(xué)生本人。3、此任務(wù)書一式三份,一份留學(xué)院存檔,一份學(xué)生本人留存,一份指導(dǎo)教師留存。溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計(1. 摘要:本文通過對溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計同時介紹了韭菜收割機(jī)的意義、發(fā)展、工作原理及其主要參數(shù)。并詳細(xì)的分析了收割機(jī)的構(gòu)成、以及收割機(jī)的收割方式,并分析了韭菜收割機(jī)的收割原理和收割過程。韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計過程從對韭菜收割的機(jī)械化轉(zhuǎn)換,總結(jié)普通農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的運(yùn)動模式和功能實現(xiàn),到具體機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計構(gòu)思和分析計算,產(chǎn)品模型的建立,工程分析和設(shè)計制造,一步一步完整走過,讓整個設(shè)計路程圓滿而成果豐碩。其中,數(shù)字化的設(shè)計方法和基于特征的參數(shù)化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)讓設(shè)計過程高速而有效,對這個設(shè)計過程起到了關(guān)鍵性的作用。所以溫室韭菜收割機(jī)有很好的發(fā)展前景。關(guān)鍵詞:溫室韭菜;收割機(jī);設(shè)計 中圖分類號:TD451文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A0引言我國吃韭菜有著悠久的歷史,好多菜肴都有韭菜。可見我國人民對韭菜的熱愛之深。隨著科技的進(jìn)步,各種糧食蔬菜都大面積種植,源自于有著機(jī)械收割裝置,限制韭菜種植面積發(fā)展的重要因素就是在于機(jī)械化問題。我國勞動人民在長期的生產(chǎn)實踐中對收割工具有許多發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,據(jù)古書記載在三千五百年前已經(jīng)發(fā)明了鐮刀,在十三世紀(jì)中葉創(chuàng)造了推鐮等高效工具。但這些成就在長期的封建和半封建、半殖民地的社會中得不到應(yīng)有的發(fā)展和重視。當(dāng)韭菜種植面積大時靠人們用鐮刀收割,效率太低,在收割時菜農(nóng)一直蹲著非常累,而且如果大面積種植,收割的勞動力比較少,而且工價很高,又加大了韭菜的做種植成本,相應(yīng)的單位面積的效益也隨之降低了。隨著種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和設(shè)施栽培的迅速發(fā)展,韭菜的種植面積逐年增加,在面積上已經(jīng)由過去的占蔬菜面積的2%-3%發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的5%-6%。一畝地一年畝產(chǎn)韭菜3000斤,一斤一塊錢,除去成本和人力一畝地可以獲取1500塊錢,收割韭菜一斤一毛錢,要損失300元錢,況且農(nóng)村這樣的工人也很難找,大面積種植時,人工收割成本會很高,如果有一臺機(jī)器來代替這樣的工作,不但可以減少菜農(nóng)成本,還可以推廣大面積種植??梢姮F(xiàn)在研制一臺韭菜收割機(jī)器十分重要。1總體設(shè)計思路溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計是通過往復(fù)式的割刀來實現(xiàn)溫室韭菜的收割。首先是通過分禾器實現(xiàn)韭菜的分禾和喂入,進(jìn)而撥禾輪使其扶正,然后再通過傳送滾筒實現(xiàn)韭菜的夾緊最后喂入割刀系統(tǒng),緊接著實現(xiàn)傳送完成整個韭菜收割的過程。1.1設(shè)計原理韭菜收割機(jī)在驅(qū)動輪的作用下實現(xiàn)韭菜收割機(jī)的向前前行,韭菜收割機(jī)的前一部分主要是為了實現(xiàn)韭菜的喂入及收割。韭菜通過分禾器實現(xiàn)韭菜的分禾并通過撥禾輪實現(xiàn)韭菜的喂入,喂入之后進(jìn)入到傳送機(jī)構(gòu)。剛剛進(jìn)入傳送機(jī)構(gòu)的韭菜在兩個立起來的傳送滾筒實現(xiàn)韭菜的夾緊更方便的實現(xiàn)韭菜的割斷,進(jìn)而通過傳送帶的夾持作用實現(xiàn)韭菜的傳送。由于傳送帶的夾持和傳送作用使韭菜進(jìn)入后部的接收筐中。從而大致完成整個設(shè)計原理。1.2設(shè)計總體結(jié)構(gòu)溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有分禾器、撥禾輪、割刀、曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)、傳送滾、傳送帶、電機(jī)、機(jī)架等結(jié)構(gòu)組成,如圖1所示。在確定好行距之后,在發(fā)動機(jī)的驅(qū)動下經(jīng)過減速器來實現(xiàn)韭菜收割機(jī)的驅(qū)動。在進(jìn)地之后,在分禾器的作用下實現(xiàn)單行的韭菜的喂入,進(jìn)而經(jīng)過撥禾輪來進(jìn)行韭菜的扶正,通過與機(jī)架垂直的兩個傳送滾進(jìn)行韭菜的扶正并且夾緊。往復(fù)式割刀在曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)的作用下實現(xiàn)動割刀的往復(fù)運(yùn)動進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)韭菜的切割,在韭菜隔斷之后直接通過傳送帶傳送至后面的接收器內(nèi),從而完成了韭菜的收割。傳送帶的傳動是傳送電機(jī)來帶動的,通過齒輪來連接兩個傳送滾的反向轉(zhuǎn)動。傳送帶的主動傳送滾帶動從動傳送滾的運(yùn)動再通過皮帶和齒輪的連接來實現(xiàn)撥禾輪的轉(zhuǎn)動。在整個韭菜收割的過程中主要機(jī)構(gòu)是傳送裝置和割刀裝置,在這兩個裝置的配合使用下使得整個過程變得簡單。此次韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計可以實現(xiàn)一機(jī)多用的作用,根據(jù)不同作物的要求,要求收割時的割茬也會不一樣。韭菜的收割割茬一般在1cm左右,而其他作物的割茬顯然不同,所以可以通過調(diào)整前輪的高度來調(diào)節(jié)不同作物割茬的要求。對于不同的作物來實現(xiàn)不同的割茬要求,較好的解決了收割機(jī)都不同作物的適應(yīng)性,生產(chǎn)效率高。圖1溫室韭菜收割機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)圖1分禾器 2撥禾輪 3支撐前輪 4雙傳送帶 5傳送帶電機(jī)6主傳送滾筒 7接收筐 8曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu) 9驅(qū)動輪 2關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計2.1撥禾輪的設(shè)計撥禾輪的設(shè)計是韭菜收割的開始,撥禾輪的使用可以收割直立和一般倒伏的作物。撥禾輪的運(yùn)動軌跡的形狀,決定于撥禾輪的圓周速度Vy與機(jī)器前進(jìn)的速度Vm的比值;為撥禾速度比。只有當(dāng)1時,才有可能將作物莖干引向割刀配合切割,并在割斷后繼續(xù)的向后推送莖桿,一面在割刀上發(fā)生堆積和堵塞。1時,撥禾輪的工作情況才是正常的。撥禾輪的工作過程中,需要撥禾輪具有良好的工作質(zhì)量,除了滿足1外,還應(yīng)該滿足工作過程中不同階段的要求。切割時,撥禾輪應(yīng)該扶持作物莖桿,以配合進(jìn)行切割,避免切割器將莖桿向前推到。 要使撥禾輪能夠正常夠其安裝高度就必須滿足: (1-1) 式中:R撥禾輪的半徑; h割刀離地的高度; L為作物高; H撥禾輪軸安裝高度。清掃割刀和穩(wěn)定推送的條件當(dāng)莖桿被割斷夠,要求撥禾輪繼續(xù)起推送作用,如果此時撥禾輪的作用點(diǎn)位于已割作物中心的上方,就能將莖桿穩(wěn)定的向后推送,直到與撥禾輪圓周相切的位置,如果撥禾輪的作用點(diǎn)過高,清掃切割的作用將減弱,如果撥禾輪的作用點(diǎn)在重心之下,則隔斷的作物很可能回繞在撥禾輪向前翻或者被挑起,造成損失。已割斷作物的中心位置一般在頂部向下的13處,設(shè)已割部分長L則l=13L。因此,要求撥禾齒在割斷作物的中心點(diǎn)以上,則應(yīng)該保證: (1-2)為了選擇撥禾輪的轉(zhuǎn)速,首先確定撥禾速度比,前已分析,撥禾輪正常工作的必要條件是1,加大撥禾輪的速度比,撥禾輪的作用范圍和作用程度增加,但是也不能過大,它受到兩方面的限制,但是機(jī)器的前進(jìn)速度Vm一定時,增大值,就要提高撥禾輪的圓周速度Vy,這將對作物的沖擊增加,而使作物不能夠很好地切割。經(jīng)實驗證明,韭菜收割的速度一般在1.5ms。另一方面,當(dāng)機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度Vm較高時,為了使Vy不超過受脫離損失限制的允許值,撥禾輪的速度比就應(yīng)該減小。當(dāng)機(jī)器前進(jìn)速度較低時,很有可能在Vy不超過3ms煩人情況下,大大增加撥禾輪速度比,但是過大則會出現(xiàn)回彈現(xiàn)象。 (1-3) (1-4) 經(jīng)過專家實驗韭菜收割機(jī)的一般取1.32.3。這里取1。即: R為撥禾輪的半徑,為撥禾輪的角速度。n初取為22rmin,前進(jìn)速度Vm應(yīng)該根據(jù)機(jī)器的生產(chǎn)率、割副、調(diào)配動力等因素而定,在使用中,由于地塊條件畝產(chǎn)量和作物的狀態(tài)等情況的改變而需要改換不同的前進(jìn)速度。撥禾輪的直徑與穩(wěn)定推送有很大的關(guān)系,撥禾輪的直徑應(yīng)該滿足: (1-5)其中取1.8,L取0.3,h取0.01;即撥禾輪的直徑取0.4m。 2.2曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計具有一個曲柄和一個搖桿的鉸鏈四桿機(jī)構(gòu)稱為曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)。通常,曲柄為主動件且等速轉(zhuǎn)動,而搖桿為從動件作變速往返擺動,連桿作平面復(fù)合運(yùn)動。曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)中也有用搖桿作為主動構(gòu)件,搖桿的往復(fù)擺動轉(zhuǎn)換成曲柄的轉(zhuǎn)動。在韭菜收割機(jī)的割刀傳動的問題下,結(jié)合實際情況,所以曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)是一種很好的是割刀進(jìn)行往復(fù)運(yùn)動的很好地方式,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖見圖2。圖2 曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)簡圖曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)作為韭菜收割時的核心機(jī)構(gòu),AB為曲柄搖桿結(jié)構(gòu)中的搖桿,AB桿在割刀電機(jī)的帶動下繞著A點(diǎn)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)動從而帶動連桿BC進(jìn)行擺動。D點(diǎn)為一定點(diǎn),CDE為一彎曲的連桿,在連桿BC的作用下CDE進(jìn)行擺動,再用連桿EF連接刀具,從而可以實現(xiàn)動刀具的往返運(yùn)動,今兒實現(xiàn)韭菜的切割。2.3 切割機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計切割器是主要的工作部件,本次韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計我們采用的是往復(fù)式切割器。其割刀作往復(fù)運(yùn)動,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,適應(yīng)性較廣。目前在谷物收割機(jī)、牧草收割機(jī)、谷物聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)和玉米收獲機(jī)上采用較多。它能適應(yīng)一般或較高作業(yè)速度的要求,工作質(zhì)量較好,但其往復(fù)慣性力較大,震動較大。切割時,莖稈有傾斜和晃動,因而對莖稈堅硬、易于落粒的作物易產(chǎn)生落粒損失。粗莖稈作物,由于切割時間長和莖稈多次切割現(xiàn)象,則會出現(xiàn)割茬不夠整齊。對于韭菜收割來說,比較適宜。利用往復(fù)式割刀來進(jìn)行收割,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,容易設(shè)計。試驗證明:在割刀鋒利、割刀間隙正常(動、定刀片間的間隙為00.5mm)的條件下,切割速度在0.60.8ms以上時能順利的切割莖桿,若低于此限制速度,則會出現(xiàn)割茬不齊并有堵刀的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。為了探討切割器在切割莖桿過程中的速度大小,需繪制切割器的切割速度圖,并進(jìn)行分析,切割器的切割速度簡圖如圖3。圖3 切割速度簡圖切割器切割速度的特點(diǎn)是:割刀在一個行程中與兩個定刀片相遇,因而有兩個切割速度范圍,分別為Va1-Vb1及Va2-Va2。從兩個范圍的速度看,雖然沒有最大割刀速度,但仍屬于較高速度區(qū)段,因而切割性能良好。因此,安裝割刀時,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用銷處左右兩止點(diǎn)位置,定刀片和動刀片的中心線重合。割刀的速度為一變量,為了便于表示割刀速度的大小,常以平均值即割刀平均速度Vp表示。 (2-1) 式中 n割刀曲柄速度; r割刀曲柄半徑; s割刀行程。有Vp又在0.9和1ms之間,選擇Vp=1ms代入可得:n=394rmin切割器的功率包括:切割功率Ns和空轉(zhuǎn)功率Nh兩部分。即: (2-2) (2-3) 式中:機(jī)器前進(jìn)的速度; 機(jī)器割副; L0切割每平方米面積的莖桿所需功率。割韭菜L0在10和20馬力間。Nh大小與切割器安裝技術(shù)狀態(tài)有關(guān),一般每米割副所需空轉(zhuǎn)功率為0.81.5馬力。Vm=0.56米秒,B=0.2米,L0取15馬力Nh=1.2馬力。代入可得:N=1.37馬力。 3.6 傳送機(jī)構(gòu)韭菜收割的傳送機(jī)構(gòu)我選用帶式傳送,帶式輸送機(jī)是連續(xù)運(yùn)輸機(jī)的一種,其運(yùn)輸特點(diǎn)是形成裝載點(diǎn)到裝載點(diǎn)之間的連續(xù)的物料流,所以輸送帶的傳送可以很好地是韭菜從收割點(diǎn)到接收點(diǎn)的傳送,然而普通的傳送并不能完全滿足韭菜收割機(jī)的要求。傳送帶分為以下幾個類型:(1)按放置方向水平、傾斜和組合三種;(2)按轉(zhuǎn)向分為順時針、逆時針兩種;(3)按運(yùn)動狀態(tài)分為勻速和變速兩種。 結(jié)合溫室韭菜收割機(jī)特點(diǎn)我們采用組合式的傳送類型來給與傳送。就韭菜收割機(jī)而言傳送部分是相對來說比較重要的一個組成部分。本次設(shè)計的主動傳送滾在韭菜收割機(jī)的后方,來實現(xiàn)動力的輸入。由于韭菜收割機(jī)特殊性,所以必須實現(xiàn)雙傳送來實現(xiàn)韭菜收割機(jī)的傳送,動力輸出的同時要實現(xiàn)主動傳送滾的反轉(zhuǎn),鑒于這一特殊性我們使用齒輪連接兩個傳送滾筒的方式來實現(xiàn)滾筒的反轉(zhuǎn)即可。3總結(jié) 割刀是溫室韭菜收割機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件,主要是用來實現(xiàn)韭菜的收割。割刀的速度和割刀電機(jī)的功率同樣對切割效果有著重要的影響。在設(shè)計割刀的時候同樣要注意割刀材料的選取各個方面。同樣的傳送帶的設(shè)計也是本次設(shè)計的重中之重,選擇傳送帶的樣式以及傳送方法是關(guān)鍵。在經(jīng)過設(shè)計的之后解決各種問題之后,溫室韭菜收割機(jī)也是一大進(jìn)步。參考文獻(xiàn)1馬建國,程佳衛(wèi),姚運(yùn)萍.鐮刀型韭菜收割機(jī)的設(shè)計J.機(jī)械制造,2015(8):56-58.2孫朋朋.設(shè)施韭菜全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)探索與推廣J.安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報,2014(78):108.3吳聚紅,李向前.淺析我國韭菜的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢J.農(nóng)業(yè)科技通訊,2006(9):10-11.4王俊超.韭菜收種實現(xiàn)全程機(jī)械化J.農(nóng)業(yè)知識,2014(32):37.5奚方.雙刀韭菜收割機(jī)J.農(nóng)業(yè)知識,2013(13):106-109.6郭志東,郭春瑤.剪刀式韭菜收割機(jī)J.2013,(12):78.7龔明明,張雪琴.一種新型半自動打捆機(jī)的設(shè)計P.201236960252.5,2012-06-19.8時勝德.小型半喂入水稻聯(lián)合收割機(jī)研究J.廣西大學(xué),2005(35):78-79.9胡志清.微型水稻設(shè)計與關(guān)鍵部件的研究J.中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué),2013(68):102.10吳彥強(qiáng),侯加林,趙潤華,劉中正.傳送帶式蔬菜移栽機(jī)的設(shè)計與研究J.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究,2015(4):16-18.11徐俊偉.傳送帶教學(xué)的設(shè)計與思考J.物理通報,2015(56):4-7.12羅鵬飛.對傳送帶問題多種可能行的探討J.物理通報,2015(7):9-12.13馬悅,張鐵,楊懿,呂小榮,任文濤.一種水稻收割機(jī)的研究J.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究,2011(2):108.Long inefficient harvester maintenanceA prevent long inefficient combine threshing not clear,Threshing was unclear, or after threshing crops are still left on a certain number of grain crops, or fails to retain the original threshing, and the corn longer branch, etc. It is among the most common of combine harvesters. How to prevent threshing, the method is as follows:1 and the harvest should keep linear assignment. Can easily otherwise, driving crop harvest threshing clarity is messy effect.2, should maintain threshing tooth thickness of unilateral not less than 2.5 mm. Otherwise, must change surface or update. Threshing tooth crest and inherit the gap should keep on net 3-5mm. Excessive threshing will influence, to adjust.3, often keep cutting grass the keenness of the sword. Cut grass by the side of the sword blade surface should be timely change wear or update. For grain threshing clean and create good conditions.4 the conveyor chamber, threshing and guide the clearance should be within 2mm - 0, too, should be adjusted translocated cannot enter threshing room.5, threshing depth is deep, not often adjust the threshing clarity of circumstances, should maintain proper depth, in order to reduce indoor embroiled in a threshing long stalk.6 and when the throttle should be put in the harvest, make maximum revs turned in every minute of 2000. Otherwise it will affect threshing effect. If found speed should be promptly dropped out, reduce the load inspection.7 and the crop growth, the field should be adopted, reduce speed reduced cut to reduce the load, enhance the threshing performance.Eight, the situation is unfavorable harvest: crops 55cm length less than poor too low, mechanical, crops have large difference, length of maturity, crop crop varieties of wet, difficult threshing.2 the long inefficient safe operations of rice harvesterCombine widely applied in rural areas, with the popularization of long inefficient combined harvesters, strengthen the safety production to prevent accidents, agricultural machinery safety supervision has become an important content of the work. JiShou is an important guarantee of economic benefit, therefore, must pay attention to the safety operation, the method is as follows:1, have qualified operation skills. Operators must attend technical training, familiar with and understand the performance, structure, the machines use, maintenance and operation mastering skills. Qualified through examination before operation.2, to observe the safety regulations. The safety instructions carefully study buyers on homework instructions and combine all sorts of safety warning labels.3 and safety clothing. Wear comfortable clothes, prohibit wearing headscarves, scarves, safe operations against the slippers etc.4 and security. Abide by traffic rules. Ban on others, pack accessory, avoid teasers, through the dam, could be JiGengLu culvert and etc, and can withstand prior to confirm unit weight, not pushy.5, safety and loading trucks. The ground must be flat hard, loading and unloading board must have enough strength, width, length and antiskid device and hook. Two parallel plates should be no difference, low slow. Midway cannot turn, speed and braking lest overturned, if need to be modified direction return to sender.6 and safety operation. Harvest Operators should be energetic, lack of sleep, drunk or illness of unfavorable operation. In the homework before pack good safety cover, shields, and try running shell, confirm the working parts may be put into operation. The machine before must honk or other methods to meet food and signaled that it is safe to those around. In the work, listen to observe, once produce abnormal shall immediately stopped running, promptly components.7 and safety inspection and maintenance. Harvesters in machine cleaning machine, check and adjustment should be shut out fault, when the shift lever, and for the engine should be separate each clutch. In the harvest, when should be raised overhaul safety devices will be locked or cut machine with reliable supporting things fixed, prevent the harvest of decline.8 and prevent fires. Should be on fire, fuel and oil spill to timely rub-up. Engine exhaust and battery, not allow heads up around the machine can park in the stalk of place. And no smoking.9 and prevent burns. The engine running or just stop immediately when cannot open cooling box, prevent water jet scald, subject to open after cooling.10 and safety parked. Harvesters will reap should be parked down to the ground of the lowest positions, or shut, take out the key step, engine braking under fixed, the pavement in tyre shall be put on the track or before anti-skid pad.3 the long inefficient to prevent cut sets jams rice harvester,Cutting machine is blocked in the operation of the combined harvester ommon fault, it tends to affect the normal operation of the harvester. Serious when cut machine cant work. Therefore must pay attention to the prevention work cut machine, clogging the method is as follows:1, harvest crops cannot be dry, wet, and dew. Crops in height, otherwise easily 55mm crop uprooted, clogging the chain, but also stem not threshing. Lodging should comply with the Angle of cut in 85 degrees below 70 degrees in reverse, cut the following requirements. Harvest the crops to make excessive lodging cutting machine jam. At harvest time, reduce should reduce cutting speed, watch, found that jam. Timely parking2, the harvest should as far as possible to stay straight road. To make points bending because of grain harvest stem the grass points over the crops, and deformation when conveying grain crops is messy, clogging.3 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. Such high crop harvest shall be taken, reduce speed reduced cut, avoid excessive loads caused jams. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is restored to the correct width, prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.4 should keep a sharp, sticking. Every day after harvest should remove dirt, weeds, check and adjustment, promptly replace worn sticking. Keep moving knife knife and set the gap in 0 0.5 mm.5, help to maintain good grain chain tensioner degrees. And grain, grain and stent shall promptly replace after wearing claw back to ensure crops not messy.6 and often keep claw chain belt, bluegrass, shoot, the chain chain, depth in such a state, too loose when should adjust, excessive wear should be replaced.7 and cutting machine jams cannot use accelerated forced through. So easily make driving components are damaged. The correct approach is rapid, using artificial clear the blockage of crops.4 the long chain transmission inefficient rice harvester maintenanceChain transmission is indispensable to combine the transmission mechanism. Its work or harvesters will directly affect the normal work of the components and performance, and therefore should be done in use, maintenance and repair the method is as follows:1 in shaft, wheel should be no skewed and swinging. In the same transmission components in the face of two sprockets should be located in the same plane and sprocket center distance 0.5 meters in the allowable deviation, 1 mm, Sprocket 0.5 meters above centre distance in the allowable deviation, 2 mm. But does not allow to have the friction sprocket teeth profile phenomenon, if two rounds of migration to produce large chain and accelerate wear off. In the replacement of sprocket, we must pay special attention to check and adjustment offset.2, the chain of firmness should fit, too tight increase power consumption, bearing wear, Too loose easily beat and chain chain. Chain of chain for: from central filed or press, two sprockets centre distance is about 2-3cm.3, a new chain or long after the use to adjust, can elongation, to look for the chain, but must be even. The chain should lock plate, back through the chain is inserted in the outside, lock piece at the turn of the mouth should be in the opposite direction.4 and sprocket badly worn, should also change new sprocket and new chain, in order to ensure good engagement. Not only change the new chain or new single chain. Otherwise it will cause a new chain or improperly meshed accelerate new sprocket and wear. Sprocket tooth surfaces wear to a certain degree in turn use (used to face adjustable sprocket). In order to prolong the using time.5, old and new chain chain can use, otherwise easy mixed in transmission chain, tensile impact.6, chain in work should promptly fill lube. Oil must enter roller and set in the fitting clearance, improve the working conditions and reduce wear.7 and when the machine, long-term storage chain should be removed using kerosene or diesel clean, then coated with oil or butter in a dry place, to prevent corrosion.5 the long inefficient rice harvester inter-district assignments need attentionAs a long inefficient (KUBOTA) combine professional harvest, 28% of homework is quite important. To smoothly inter-district harvest, please users must be attached to the following aspects of work.1 the preparation before operation, and develops(1) inter-district assignment information collection. Users can according to relevant state departments of information throughout the wheat and rice harvest and local agricultural information management, also may follow contact with customers, because the harvest of the local conditions are familiar with the user.(2) business contacts. On-the-spot investigation in the field conditions, crop growth and high price, etc.(3) inter-district homework route. According to the time sequence of all crops, choose as far as possible, set harvest security conditions are good, traffic is convenient.(4) machine. In order to avoid failure inter-district assignments must be done before operation expenses in inter-district before repair, comsumption products, oil etc. Such as engine oil, inferior oil market, many in the local time before to 28% of purchase. Hara& Co. inefficient(5) and vendors. Homework, route will inter-district inform vendors, carry on with the certificate (the combine harvester drivers license and id card of 28%, etc.).(6). Try to purchase related (machine, personnel) insurance.2 and develops in the homework problems that should be paid attention to(1) harvest in the operation, to avoid attention combining exertion caused by accidents due to overwork.(2) strengthen the maintenance and inspection machine, the machine always in good working condition.(3) to strengthen the supervision of machine, storage, especially to avoid machine weathered and guard against theft, prevent damage.3 and the handling problemsSuch as: (1) in the inter-district assignments harvesters malfunction, please come and maintenance service, will contact details (including harvesters fault fault components, harvest field around), damaged parts, and quantity (shows a part of components in place, serial number part), the specific location and harvesters telephone users such report maintenance personnel.(2) if you want to buy parts, can contact with long inefficient local hara& Co., company address (spare parts purchase, etc.) should be near. If you cannot buy accessories, direct contact with the seller, to discuss the required parts orders and shipping method, in the shortest possible time after receiving accessories, maintenance, continue to work.6 the maintenance long inefficient rice harvester of unidirectional clutch,The function is a one-way clutch combine harvester in advance when the power of the engine reliably transfer to combine harvester, fall off quickly, in order to realize the need of combine harvesters. In use due to improper operation, easy cause one-way clutch early wear, harvesting machine doesnt work well. Therefore, must grasp the correct use of method.1 and the drive belt should reap department regularly or adjustment, the length of a spring in 102mm, cannot too loose or too tight. Or should adjust the length of the spring.2 and combine in operation should be done in the stable power, speed, smooth junction stable steering, must not stop, accelerated, steep, hurry to, in order to reduce the shock load one-way clutch.3 and in harvest in the homework assignments to observe the harvest, cutting machine, jams that immediately after stopping harvesting clutch, separated by artificial clear all the progress of begin again after operation. Do not remove or not in blocking incomplete remove junction, clutch, so easily to harvest early damage of unidirectional clutch.4 and reasonable control the feeding amount reap crops. When high-yielding crop harvest if should be taken to cut, reduce speed reducing excess load in order to reduce the one-way clutch. After the collision stacks points should be timely deformation is returned to the correct width, in order to prevent excessive width caused by feeding amount caused jams increase.5 and the harvest of lodging crops can not force (85 degrees below for the cut and thrust to 70 degrees Celsius) cut. Lodging crops are messy, should be adopted in the harvest threshing depth, using automatic control, find out timely downtime clogging.6 and one-way clutch after damage replace. In the first should check whether the axis wear is a one-way away when the diameter of the axis wear to 18.771 mm, must change the new axis, otherwise the new one-way clutch after loaded still cannot play a role.Wheel organization function is supporting the full weight of combine harvesters, driving and harvest, it is the important system combines walking working parts. If not for the correct use and operation, maintenance, easily wheel organization early wear. Therefore must pay attention to early wear prevention. The method is as follows:1, to strengthen the wheel organization daily maintenance. Do homework after stent to load, timely, lifting, tensioner arm sticky roller and mud product, clean weed.2 and constant observation wheel load, wheel, lifting, tensioner wheel rotation condition videotapes. Find abnormal or wheel rotation, should not carefully, change bad parts, hidden faults.3, check the quantity, truck wheels lubricant should be added to the shortage of oil. Provisions Find duo-cone floating oil, should change in time to maintain good sealing.4, truck wheels, stents, lifting, tensioner wheel rim thickness should have worn thin change in time, otherwise caused by insufficient strength variant rupture, scrape.5 and driving wheel wear a tooth thickness 5mm amounted to face when using, adjustable to prolong the using life. When both tooth thickness should be promptly replace worn, otherwise it will cause sprocket and track core iron meshing impact when increases, abnormal wear iron core, serious when still can hook iron core.6 500 hours, each work regularly to walk round institutions should be thoroughly checked, repair, to achieve good technical conditions.7 and combine in road, should avoid bad roads in the road. When the crawler bottom to have cleared eyewinker. Ensure the wheel in good working environment, improve its service life.Long inefficient combine the good crop harvest lodging with benign. Under normal circumstances can harvest the crops for lodging 85 degrees below, cut cut in inverse 70s. At harvest time must pay attention to grasp the operation method under:1, should use a sharp knife sticking the sword, and the gap shall be in 0 0.5 mm.2 stacks, claws should be adjusted to height can lift crop panicle position (namely the position on a standard). To straighten up, reduce crop messy.3 stacks, and shall be transferred to high speed, and to increase the help shift position for lodging, grain number of grain crop rotary.4, harvest of transmission belt, shoot the chain chain, ear grain, should according to regulations chain tensioner, cutting machine is too loose in the harvest clogging.5, conveying chain tightly guide if wear, should adjust guide and chain of zero clearance, crop is involved, or within the cylinder threshing.6 and the cleanness of threshing regulating handle should be put on open position, to minimize threshing room load.7 and the cutting grass threshing indoor dao should be promptly replace, sharp. In order to ensure the clarity, reduce crop threshing damage grain.8 and cut in assignments platform height should keep in grain from the ground height is about 20mm. High grain can help claws, cannot fulfill the harvest. Low is easy to root crops, accelerate uprooted sticking.9 and cut width should with slightly less than normal cut width for good (usually right portion of the grain open about 200 250m m). To alleviate the harvest of load.10 and should adopt the automatic control of threshing depth, unfavorable adjustment. To minimize threshing room load.11 and the harvest of straight road, dont be keep swinging. Slow speed is not reap, jam in case.In December, when the harvest to observe operation condition, should take the first right ahead and grain threshing depth, device runs into the entrance of threshing chain and watching the sequence of operations. According to the circumstance timely adjust speed, cut width harvest threshing machine, cutting height, etc, in order to maintain good depth of operation condition.13, is not in conformity with the harvest of crops, otherwise not forced to wear, and early machine crop waste is serious.7 the combine harvester threshing rice for the inefficient maintenance1, threshing room can overload in the harvest, when high-yielding crop and speed of cutting should reduce and control the work load of the rated load operation, to prevent excessive threshing chamber of the causes.2, the harvest threshing due to lodging crops into the room to increase many weeds in the chamber pressure and threshing threshing adopts the automatic control, depth to reduce indoor excessive threshing straw into.3, correctly use the regulating handle gib threshing. When lodging at harvest crops, the regulating handle on the open position, make indoor crop threshing, reduce indoor quickly. In the threshing, grain on the small branches shall handle is placed in position, extend the time on threshing indoor crops, increase grain clarity. Usually handle position should be put in standard.4 and keep cutting grass blades, check the knife cut grass threshing indoor wear and abrasion can make crops or not cut off, retention time long, threshing ungodliness, threshing chamber pressure increases, cut grass dao in reversing or update after wear.5, conveying chain tightly compressed guide, if be the clearance of crops to easily, cause stress in threshing room greaten, must always keep checking and adjusting, chain and guide the gap with zero.Six, in use as threshing shall, when close room blocked out, after the progress of the engine can work, or forced work to cause damage to the threshing room components.8 the long inefficient rice harvester crawler maintenance instructionsRubber pedrail are self-contained combine the important parts in the mechanism, and the price is expensive. Rubber pedrail life depends in large part on work environment and method of use. Must attach importance to the early wear rubber pedrail prevention. The method is as follows:(a), pay attention to the work environment1, rubber pedrail, diesel engine should be avoided and various oil, grease, etc. Also should avoid with acid, alkali, salt, pesticide, and other chemicals. In this case. Clean,2, rubber pedrail should avoid the rocks, in sharp steel etc uneven road. When necessary, can be laid wood or other flat object.3, rubber pedrail should avoid in gravel and gravel road surface are long. This is caused extremely easily rubber surface early wear, if the driving distance, should use loaded vehicles.(2), master correct usage1, r
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