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南昌航空大學科技學院學士學位論文
三坐標測量機的機械結構設計及應用
學生姓名:邱志慶 班級:0781052
指導老師:賀紅林
摘要:從60年代初發(fā)明到現(xiàn)在,三坐標測量機(CMM)在制造業(yè)得到世界范圍廣泛應用,成為3D檢測工業(yè)標準設備。三坐標測量技術得到迅速發(fā)展,而配套檢測軟件的發(fā)展,更是突飛猛進。最早的三坐標測量機只能顯示XYZ坐標,而目前的各種檢測軟件幾乎可以解決用戶的絕大部分問題。軟件日益成為影響用戶使用好壞的關鍵所在。CMM測量軟件發(fā)展趨勢,對于傳統(tǒng)的三坐標測量機檢測來說,通常是設計部門提供二維圖紙,檢驗部門根據圖紙對工件進行尺寸及形位公差的檢測。隨著三維CAD軟件的應用,越來越多的技術部門使用三維CAD建模技術進行設計。因此,各坐標機廠家紛紛推出了基于三維CAD技術的測量軟件,直接將客戶設計好的三維CAD模型導入測量軟件進行檢測。這樣做的優(yōu)點非常明顯,不需要額外的圖紙,理論值可以直接捕獲,更可以進行測量仿真,測頭干涉檢查等,所以,受到用戶的一致好評?;贑AD的測量成為目前三坐標測量軟件的發(fā)展熱點。
關鍵詞 三坐標測量機 傳感器 三維 傳動裝置
指導老師簽名:
Coordinate measuring machine mechanical design and application
Student name:qiu zhi qing Class:0781052
Supervisor:he hong lin
Abstract:Invents from the beginning of the 60's to present, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) obtains the worldwide scale widespread application in the manufacturing industry, becomes the 3D examination industry standard equipment. Three coordinates survey technology obtains the rapid development, but the necessary examination software development, is progresses by leaps and bounds. The earliest coordinate measuring machines only can demonstrate the XYZ coordinates, but the present each kind of examination software may solve user's major part problem nearly. The software becomes the influence user use quality the key to be at day by day. The CMM survey software trend of development, regarding the traditional coordinate measuring machines examination, usually is designs the department to provide the two-dimensional blueprint, the inspection department carries on the size and the shape position common difference examination according to the blueprint to the work piece. Along with the three dimensional CAD software application, the more and more many technical department uses the three dimensional CAD modeling technology to carry on the design. Therefore, various coordinates machine factory has promoted in abundance based on the three dimensional CAD technology survey software, the three dimensional CAD model which designs the customer inducts directly surveys the software to carry on the examination. Does this the merit is extremely obvious, does not need the extra blueprint, the theoretical value may catch directly, may carry on the survey simulation, the gauge head interference inspection and so on, therefore, receives the user the consistent high praise. Survey the software based on the CAD survey into at present three coordinates the development hot spot.
Key words Coordinate measuring machines Sensor Three dimensional Transmission device
Signature of Supervisor:
目 錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………II
1 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 三坐標測量機的應用與發(fā)展…………………………………………1
1.2 三坐標測量機測量原理………………………………………………5
1.2.1 三坐標測量機的組成…………………………………………7
1.2.2 三坐標測量機的結構特點……………………………………7
1.3 設計要求………………………………………………………………8
2 三坐標測量機的總體設計方案……………………………………8
2.1 設計任務和內容………………………………………………………8
2.2 總體設計方案擬訂……………………………………………………9
2.2.1 三坐標測量機機械部分設計…………………………………9
2.2.2 三坐標測量機電路部分設計………………………………10
2.3 參數(shù)的確定……………………………………………………………18
3 三坐標測量進給系統(tǒng)的設計計算………………………………19
3.1 動機的選擇計算……………………………………………………19 3.1.1 調速電動機的容量的計算…………………………………19
3.1.2 步進電動機的概述…………………………………………19
3.1.3 步進電動機的容量的計算…………………………………20
3.2 軸概述 ………………………………………………………………20
3.2.1 軸的用途……………………………………………………20
3.2.2 軸的材料……………………………………………………21
3.2.3 軸的材料……………………………………………………21
3.3 軸的結構設計………………………………………………………21
3.3.1 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案…………………………………22
3.3.2 軸上零件的定位 ……………………………………………22
3.3.3 軸的結構設計………………………………………………23
3.3.4 初步設計軸的最小直徑.............................24
3.3.5 擬定軸上零件的裝配方案…………………………………25
3.3.6 根據軸向定位的要求確定軸的個段直徑和長度…………26
3.3.7 軸上零件的軸向定位………………………………………27
3.3.8 確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸…………………………………27
3.4 絲杠螺母副的選用計算……………………………………………27
3.4.1 絲杠螺母的導程的確定……………………………………27
3.4.2 確定絲杠的等效轉速………………………………………27
3.4.3 絲杠的等效負………………………………………………27
3.4.4 確定絲杠所受的最大動載荷Cax……………………………27
3.4.5 臨界壓縮負荷Fcr……………………………………………28
3.4.6 臨界轉速驗算………………………………………………28
3.4.7 計算軸承動載荷……………………………………………29
3.4.8 絲杠拉壓振動和扭轉振動的固有頻率驗算………………30
3.5 絲杠的扭轉剛度……………………………………………………30
3.6 傳動精度計算………………………………………………………31
3.7 導軌的選型及計算…………………………………………………32
3.7.1 滾動導軌的結構及配………………………………………32
3.7.2 滾動導軌副的預緊…………………………………………33
3.7.3 滾動導軌副潤滑防護………………………………………33
3.8 橫向伺服進給系統(tǒng)的設計計算(同以上方法)……………………33
3.9 縱向、橫向的移動工作臺的裝配圖(見附圖1)…………………33
4 夾具的初步設計………………………………………………………34
4.1 載要…………………………………………………………………34
4.2 機床夾具的基本要求………………………………………………34
4.3 機床夾具概述………………………………………………………35
4.3.1 機床夾具的分類……………………………………………35
4.3.2 夾具的作用…………………………………………………35
4.3.3 夾具的組成…………………………………………………36
4.4 螺旋夾緊裝置………………………………………………………37
4.4.1 螺旋夾緊力計算……………………………………………37
4.4.2 螺旋夾緊的自鎖性能和傳力系數(shù)…………………………38
4.5 螺旋夾緊機構的特點………………………………………………39
4.6 橫向伺服系統(tǒng)和立拄的設計計算…………………………………39
結論 …………………………………………………………………………40
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………41
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………42
附錄 …………………………………………………………………………43
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