1848_1.6型卷揚機設(shè)計

1848_1.6型卷揚機設(shè)計,_1,卷揚機,設(shè)計 黃河科技學(xué)院本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 （論文） 任 務(wù) 書工 學(xué)院 機械 系 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 專業(yè) 級 班學(xué) 號 學(xué)生 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目1.6 型卷揚機設(shè)計 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）工作內(nèi)容與基本要求（目標(biāo)、任務(wù)、途徑、方法，應(yīng)掌握的原始資料（數(shù)據(jù)） 、參考資料（文獻）以及設(shè)計技術(shù)要求、注意事項等）一、設(shè)計技術(shù)要求、原始資料（數(shù)據(jù)） 、參考資料（文獻）通過實習(xí)調(diào)研搜集資料，運用所學(xué)知識，借助 CAXA 或 AutoCAD 軟件，進行總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及各主要零部件結(jié)構(gòu)如：電機、減速器與制動器選擇、鋼絲繩選擇、卷筒結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與計算等。主要參數(shù)：額定載荷 16 KN; 額定速度 29.5 m/min; 卷筒容繩量 130 m; 卷筒尺寸 ?210mm。通過該畢業(yè)設(shè)計，使學(xué)生對大學(xué)四年里學(xué)到和未學(xué)到的知識進行綜合強化訓(xùn)練，為其走向工作崗位奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。二、設(shè)計目標(biāo)與任務(wù)1.查閱文獻資料 12 種以上，外文資料不少于兩種。寫出 3000 字以上文獻綜述，單獨裝訂成冊。2.翻譯外文科技資料，不少于 3000 漢字，單獨裝訂成冊。3. 完成總體方案設(shè)計。4.選擇并論證設(shè)計傳動方案、整機結(jié)構(gòu)草圖，完成主要零部件的強度校核計算。5.繪制裝配圖、主要零部件圖，折合零號圖紙兩張以上。6.編寫摘要，英中文完全對照，中文不少于 300 字。7.編寫設(shè)計說明書，不少于 8000 字符。三、時間安排1---9 周 完成文獻綜述及英文資料翻譯。完成畢業(yè)實習(xí)?？傮w結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、計算用 CAXA 或 AutoCAD 等軟件繪制總裝圖、部裝圖、典型零件圖。10--12 周 編寫設(shè)計說明書，進一步修改完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計，準(zhǔn)備并完成畢業(yè)答辯稿畢業(yè)答辯。畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）時間： 2012 年 02 月 13 日至 2012 年 05 月 15 日計 劃 答 辯 時 間： 2012 年 05 月 19 日專業(yè)（教研室）審批意見：審批人簽名：Electrical winch controlsThe form of motor control we all know best is the simple manual station with up and down pushbuttons. While these stations may still be the perfect choice for certain applications, a dizzying array of more sophisticated controls is also available. This article addresser the basic electrical requirements of the motors and user interface issues you will need to address before specifying, building or buying winch controls. To begin with, the manual control stations should be of the hold-to-run type, so that if you take your finger off of the button the winch stops. Additionally, every not just the control circuit. Think about it-if the winch isn’t stopping when it should, you really need a failsafe way to kill the line power. It’s also a great idea to have a key operated switch on control stations, especially where access to the stations is not controlled.Safe operation by authorized personnel must be considered when designing even the simplest manual controls.Controlling Fixed Speed MotorsThe actual controlling device for a fixed speed winch is a three phase reversing starter, The motor is reversed by simply switching the phase sequence from ABC to CBA. This is accomplished by two three-pole contactors, interlocker, so they can’t both be closed at the same time. The NEC requires both overload and short circuit protection. To protect the motor from overheating due to mechanical overloads a thermal overload relay is built into the starter. This has bi-metallic strips that match the heating pattern of the motor and trips contacts when overheat. Alternatively, a thermistor can be mounted in the motor winding to monitor the motor temperature. Short circuit protection is generally provided by fuses rated for use with motors.A separate line contactor should be provided ahead of the reversing contactor for redundancy. This contactor is controlled by the safety circuits: E-stop and overtravel limits.This brings us to limit switches. When you get to the normal end of travel limit the winch stops and you can only move it in the opposite direction (away from the limit). There also needs to be an overtravel limit in case ,due to an electrical or limit the line contactor opens so there is no way to drive off of the limits. If this occurs, a competent technician needs to fix the problem that resulted in hitting the overtravel limit. Then, you can override the overtravels using the spring return toggle switch inside the starter-as opposed to using jumpers or hand shooting the contactors.Variable Speed RequirementsOf course, the simple fixed speed starter gets replaced with a variable speed drive. Here’s where things start to get interesting! At the very least you need to add a speed pot to the control station. A joystick is a better operator interface, as it gives you a more intuitive control of the moving piece.Unfortunately, you can’t just order any old variable speed drive from your local supplier and expect it to raise and lower equipment safely and reliably over kids on stage. Most variable speed drives won’t, as they aren’t designed for lifting. The drive needs to be set up so that torque is developed at the motor before the brake is released, and(when stopping) the brake is set before torque is taken away. For many years DC motors and drives provided a popular solution as they allowed for good torque at all speeds. The large DC motors required for most winches are expensive, costing many times what a comparable AC motor costs. However, the early AC drives were not very useful, as they had a very limited speed range and produced low torque at low speeds. More recently, as the AC drives improved, the low cost and plentiful availability of AC motors resulted in a transition to AC drives.There are two families of variable speed AC drives. Variable frequency inverters are well known and readily available. These drives convert AC to DC, then convert it back to AC with a different frequency. If the drive produces 30Hz, a normal 60 Hz motor will run at half speed. In theory this is great, but reality there are a couple of problems First, a typical 60 Hz motor gets confused at a line frequency below 2 or3Hz,and starts to cog(jerk and sputter), or just stops. This limits you to a speed range as low as 20:1-hardly suitable for subtle effects on stage! Second, many lower cost inverters are also incapable of providing full torque at low speeds. Employing such drives can result in jerky moves, or a complete failure to lift the piece-exactly what you don’t want to see when you are trying to start smoothly lifting a scenic element. Some of the newer inverters are closed loop(obtain feedback from the motor to provide more accurate speed control)and will work quite well.The other family of AC drives is flux vector drives. These units require an encoder mounted on the motor shaft allowing the drive to precisely monitor the rotation of the armature. A processor determines the exact vector of magnetic flux(thus flux vector drive)required to rotate the armature the next few degrees at a given speed. These drives allow an infinite speed range, as you can actually produce full torque at zero speed. The precise speed and position control offered by these drives make them a favorite in high performance applications PLC-based controls provide system status as well as control options. This screen give the operator full access to Carnegie Hall’s nine stage floor lifts.PLC Based SystemsA PLC is a programmable logic controller. First developed to replace the relay based industrial control systems of the’50s and’60s, these controls are at home in rugged, industrial environments. These are modular systems with a great variety of I/O modules allowing semi-custom hardware configuration to be assembled easily at a reasonable price. These include position control modules, counters, A/D and D/A converters and all sorts of solid state or hard contact closure outputs. The great variety of I/O components and the modular nature of the PLC make this an effective way to build custom and semi-custom control systems. The greatest drawback to PLC systems is the lack of really great displays to tell you what they are doing or to help you program them. Monochrome and medium resolution color displays are the norm, as the primary use for these components in on a factory floor.One of the first major PLC systems used in a large entertainment venue is the complex lift and wagon system at the original MGM Grand (now Bally’s)in Las Vegas. Several manufacturers offer standard PLC-based systems and a host of semi-custom acoustic banner, shell, and lift control systems is also available. The ability to build custom systems from standard building blocks is the greatest strength of PLC-based controls.High End ControllersThe most sophisticated rigging controllers go well beyond speed, time, and position control. They include the ability to write complex cues, record profiled moves, and manage multiple cues running at once.Many of the larger opera houses are moving toward point hoist systems, where there is a separate winch for each lift line (the rigging equivalent of dimmer per circuit). When multiple winches are used to carry a single piece, the winches must be perfectly synchronized, or the load can shift so that an individual winch can become dangerously overloaded. The control system must be able to keep selected winches in synch or provide a rapid, coordinated stop if a winch is unable to stay in synch with the others. With a typical top speed of 240fpm and a requirement to keep the winches within a 1/8” of each other, you have less than three milliseconds to recognize a problem, attempt to correct the errant winch’s speed, determine that you’ve failed and initiate a coordinated stop of all the winches in the group. This takes a lot of computing, fast I/O ,and well-written software.There are two very different approaches to large rigging control systems. Originally, a single console was used, with the usual problem of where it should be located for the operator’s optimum view. Unfortunately this can change not only from show to show, but also from one cue to the next . This dilemma has been partially addressed by using video cameras at different locations in conjunction with 3D screen graphics that allow the operator to view the expected rigging motion three dimensionally from any viewpoint.. This allows the operator to view the on screen movement of the rigging from a viewpoint that matches his actual view of the stage, or the actual view of a closed circuit camera. For complex moves with inter-related pieces this makes the control and understanding of what is happening much simpler.The other approach is a distributed system, with several portable consoles. This allows different operators to control different aspects of the rigging, in the same manner we have done with manual sets. A dramatic example of this approach is used by the Royal Opera at Covent Garden, where there are ten consoles controlling a total of 240 motors. Each console has five playbacks, and is set up so that each motor is assigned to a single console. One operator and console could control everything, but frequently one console may be running stage lifts, another the onstage rigging, and a third is being used backstage to move stored drops.Cutting-edge portable consoles allow multiple operators to control the action from the best vantage points and provide 3D displays.Reprinted from PROTOCOL. The journal of the Entertainment Services and Technology Association (www.esta.org) Fall 2003 issue.ConclusionThe tremendous variety of rigging control systems currently available ranges from the pushbutton station to complex multi-user computerized control system. When shopping for rigging control systems you generally get what you pay for. The most important features are safety and reliability .These are features with real value, and you should expect to pay a fair price for this security. Work with an established manufacturer who can show you working installations and who will put you in contact with users who have requirements similar to yours.黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告表課題名稱 專用鉆孔機的設(shè)計課題來源 教師擬訂 課題類型 AX 指導(dǎo)教師 康紅偉學(xué)生姓名 廉學(xué)勤 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 學(xué) 號 080105024一、調(diào)研資料的準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)任務(wù)書的要求，在做本課題前，查閱了與課題相關(guān)的資料有：機電一體化技術(shù)與系統(tǒng)，液壓與氣壓傳動，CAD 軟件制圖，機械設(shè)計手冊等相關(guān)教材。二、設(shè)計的目的與要求 畢業(yè)設(shè)計是大學(xué)教學(xué)中最后一個實踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，通過該設(shè)計過程，可以檢驗我們在大學(xué)期間所學(xué)的知識，同時培養(yǎng)我們處理工程中實際問題的能力，因此意義特別重大。通過對題目的理解，查閱各種資料，設(shè)計出專用的 1.6 型卷揚機，以滿足實際的工作需求！三、設(shè)計的思路與預(yù)期成果 1、設(shè)計思路1) 首先：根據(jù)本次設(shè)計相關(guān)要求查找資料，做好準(zhǔn)備。2) 其次：依據(jù)要實現(xiàn)的功能要求計算并選擇或設(shè)計合適的電機，畫出裝配圖。3) 最后：根據(jù)裝配圖畫出零件圖!2、預(yù)期的成果（1）完成文獻綜述一篇，不少于 3000 字，與專業(yè)相關(guān)的英文翻譯一篇，不少于 3000 字。（2）完成內(nèi)容與字?jǐn)?shù)都不少于規(guī)定量的畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書一份。（3）繪制裝配圖，部分零件圖。四、任務(wù)完成的階段內(nèi)容及時間安排1 周—— 4 周 收集設(shè)計資料并完成開題報告，完成英文資料翻譯并寫出文獻綜述5 周—— 10 周 進行總體設(shè)計和部分零部件的選擇與設(shè)計7 周——11 周 繪制裝配圖和部分零件圖、編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書，修改整理，準(zhǔn)備答辯五、完成設(shè)計（論文）所具備的條件因素具備機械設(shè)計、氣壓與液壓傳動、能有效借助圖書館的相關(guān)文獻資料，相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)等資源，查閱機械設(shè)計手冊、組合機床設(shè)計手冊畢業(yè)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)手冊并且具有良好的計算機繪圖（CAD）操作能力。指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 日期： 2012-2-22 課題來源：（1）教師擬訂；（2）學(xué)生建議；（3）企業(yè)和社會征集；（4）科研單位提供課題類型：（1）A—工程設(shè)計（藝術(shù)設(shè)計） ；B—技術(shù)開發(fā)；C—軟件工程；D—理論研究；E—調(diào)研報告 （2）X—真實課題；Y—模擬課題；Z—虛擬課題要求（1） 、 （2）均要填，如 AY、BX 等。黃河科技學(xué)院本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 （論文） 任 務(wù) 書工 學(xué)院 機械 系 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 專業(yè) 級 班學(xué) 號 學(xué)生 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目1.6 型卷揚機設(shè)計 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）工作內(nèi)容與基本要求（目標(biāo)、任務(wù)、途徑、方法，應(yīng)掌握的原始資料（數(shù)據(jù)） 、參考資料（文獻）以及設(shè)計技術(shù)要求、注意事項等）一、設(shè)計技術(shù)要求、原始資料（數(shù)據(jù)） 、參考資料（文獻）通過實習(xí)調(diào)研搜集資料，運用所學(xué)知識，借助 CAXA 或 AutoCAD 軟件，進行總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及各主要零部件結(jié)構(gòu)如：電機、減速器與制動器選擇、鋼絲繩選擇、卷筒結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與計算等。主要參數(shù)：額定載荷 16 KN; 額定速度 29.5 m/min; 卷筒容繩量 130 m; 卷筒尺寸 ?210mm。通過該畢業(yè)設(shè)計，使學(xué)生對大學(xué)四年里學(xué)到和未學(xué)到的知識進行綜合強化訓(xùn)練，為其走向工作崗位奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。二、設(shè)計目標(biāo)與任務(wù)1.查閱文獻資料 12 種以上，外文資料不少于兩種。寫出 3000 字以上文獻綜述，單獨裝訂成冊。2.翻譯外文科技資料，不少于 3000 漢字，單獨裝訂成冊。3. 完成總體方案設(shè)計。4.選擇并論證設(shè)計傳動方案、整機結(jié)構(gòu)草圖，完成主要零部件的強度校核計算。5.繪制裝配圖、主要零部件圖，折合零號圖紙兩張以上。6.編寫摘要，英中文完全對照，中文不少于 300 字。7.編寫設(shè)計說明書，不少于 8000 字符。三、時間安排1---9 周 完成文獻綜述及英文資料翻譯。完成畢業(yè)實習(xí)?？傮w結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、計算用 CAXA 或 AutoCAD 等軟件繪制總裝圖、部裝圖、典型零件圖。10--12 周 編寫設(shè)計說明書，進一步修改完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計，準(zhǔn)備并完成畢業(yè)答辯稿畢業(yè)答辯。畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）時間： 2012 年 02 月 13 日至 2012 年 05 月 15 日計 劃 答 辯 時 間： 2012 年 05 月 19 日專業(yè)（教研室）審批意見：審批人簽名：Electrical winch controlsThe form of motor control we all know best is the simple manual station with up and down pushbuttons. While these stations may still be the perfect choice for certain applications, a dizzying array of more sophisticated controls is also available. This article addresser the basic electrical requirements of the motors and user interface issues you will need to address before specifying, building or buying winch controls. To begin with, the manual control stations should be of the hold-to-run type, so that if you take your finger off of the button the winch stops. Additionally, every not just the control circuit. Think about it-if the winch isn’t stopping when it should, you really need a failsafe way to kill the line power. It’s also a great idea to have a key operated switch on control stations, especially where access to the stations is not controlled.Safe operation by authorized personnel must be considered when designing even the simplest manual controls.Controlling Fixed Speed MotorsThe actual controlling device for a fixed speed winch is a three phase reversing starter, The motor is reversed by simply switching the phase sequence from ABC to CBA. This is accomplished by two three-pole contactors, interlocker, so they can’t both be closed at the same time. The NEC requires both overload and short circuit protection. To protect the motor from overheating due to mechanical overloads a thermal overload relay is built into the starter. This has bi-metallic strips that match the heating pattern of the motor and trips contacts when overheat. Alternatively, a thermistor can be mounted in the motor winding to monitor the motor temperature. Short circuit protection is generally provided by fuses rated for use with motors.A separate line contactor should be provided ahead of the reversing contactor for redundancy. This contactor is controlled by the safety circuits: E-stop and overtravel limits.This brings us to limit switches. When you get to the normal end of travel limit the winch stops and you can only move it in the opposite direction (away from the limit). There also needs to be an overtravel limit in case ,due to an electrical or limit the line contactor opens so there is no way to drive off of the limits. If this occurs, a competent technician needs to fix the problem that resulted in hitting the overtravel limit. Then, you can override the overtravels using the spring return toggle switch inside the starter-as opposed to using jumpers or hand shooting the contactors.Variable Speed RequirementsOf course, the simple fixed speed starter gets replaced with a variable speed drive. Here’s where things start to get interesting! At the very least you need to add a speed pot to the control station. A joystick is a better operator interface, as it gives you a more intuitive control of the moving piece.Unfortunately, you can’t just order any old variable speed drive from your local supplier and expect it to raise and lower equipment safely and reliably over kids on stage. Most variable speed drives won’t, as they aren’t designed for lifting. The drive needs to be set up so that torque is developed at the motor before the brake is released, and(when stopping) the brake is set before torque is taken away. For many years DC motors and drives provided a popular solution as they allowed for good torque at all speeds. The large DC motors required for most winches are expensive, costing many times what a comparable AC motor costs. However, the early AC drives were not very useful, as they had a very limited speed range and produced low torque at low speeds. More recently, as the AC drives improved, the low cost and plentiful availability of AC motors resulted in a transition to AC drives.There are two families of variable speed AC drives. Variable frequency inverters are well known and readily available. These drives convert AC to DC, then convert it back to AC with a different frequency. If the drive produces 30Hz, a normal 60 Hz motor will run at half speed. In theory this is great, but reality there are a couple of problems First, a typical 60 Hz motor gets confused at a line frequency below 2 or3Hz,and starts to cog(jerk and sputter), or just stops. This limits you to a speed range as low as 20:1-hardly suitable for subtle effects on stage! Second, many lower cost inverters are also incapable of providing full torque at low speeds. Employing such drives can result in jerky moves, or a complete failure to lift the piece-exactly what you don’t want to see when you are trying to start smoothly lifting a scenic element. Some of the newer inverters are closed loop(obtain feedback from the motor to provide more accurate speed control)and will work quite well.The other family of AC drives is flux vector drives. These units require an encoder mounted on the motor shaft allowing the drive to precisely monitor the rotation of the armature. A processor determines the exact vector of magnetic flux(thus flux vector drive)required to rotate the armature the next few degrees at a given speed. These drives allow an infinite speed range, as you can actually produce full torque at zero speed. The precise speed and position control offered by these drives make them a favorite in high performance applications PLC-based controls provide system status as well as control options. This screen give the operator full access to Carnegie Hall’s nine stage floor lifts.PLC Based SystemsA PLC is a programmable logic controller. First developed to replace the relay based industrial control systems of the’50s and’60s, these controls are at home in rugged, industrial environments. These are modular systems with a great variety of I/O modules allowing semi-custom hardware configuration to be assembled easily at a reasonable price. These include position control modules, counters, A/D and D/A converters and all sorts of solid state or hard contact closure outputs. The great variety of I/O components and the modular nature of the PLC make this an effective way to build custom and semi-custom control systems. The greatest drawback to PLC systems is the lack of really great displays to tell you what they are doing or to help you program them. Monochrome and medium resolution color displays are the norm, as the primary use for these components in on a factory floor.One of the first major PLC systems used in a large entertainment venue is the complex lift and wagon system at the original MGM Grand (now Bally’s)in Las Vegas. Several manufacturers offer standard PLC-based systems and a host of semi-custom acoustic banner, shell, and lift control systems is also available. The ability to build custom systems from standard building blocks is the greatest strength of PLC-based controls.High End ControllersThe most sophisticated rigging controllers go well beyond speed, time, and position control. They include the ability to write complex cues, record profiled moves, and manage multiple cues running at once.Many of the larger opera houses are moving toward point hoist systems, where there is a separate winch for each lift line (the rigging equivalent of dimmer per circuit). When multiple winches are used to carry a single piece, the winches must be perfectly synchronized, or the load can shift so that an individual winch can become dangerously overloaded. The control system must be able to keep selected winches in synch or provide a rapid, coordinated stop if a winch is unable to stay in synch with the others. With a typical top speed of 240fpm and a requirement to keep the winches within a 1/8” of each other, you have less than three milliseconds to recognize a problem, attempt to correct the errant winch’s speed, determine that you’ve failed and initiate a coordinated stop of all the winches in the group. This takes a lot of computing, fast I/O ,and well-written software.There are two very different approaches to large rigging control systems. Originally, a single console was used, with the usual problem of where it should be located for the operator’s optimum view. Unfortunately this can change not only from show to show, but also from one cue to the next . This dilemma has been partially addressed by using video cameras at different locations in conjunction with 3D screen graphics that allow the operator to view the expected rigging motion three dimensionally from any viewpoint.. This allows the operator to view the on screen movement of the rigging from a viewpoint that matches his actual view of the stage, or the actual view of a closed circuit camera. For complex moves with inter-related pieces this makes the control and understanding of what is happening much simpler.The other approach is a distributed system, with several portable consoles. This allows different operators to control different aspects of the rigging, in the same manner we have done with manual sets. A dramatic example of this approach is used by the Royal Opera at Covent Garden, where there are ten consoles controlling a total of 240 motors. Each console has five playbacks, and is set up so that each motor is assigned to a single console. One operator and console could control everything, but frequently one console may be running stage lifts, another the onstage rigging, and a third is being used backstage to move stored drops.Cutting-edge portable consoles allow multiple operators to control the action from the best vantage points and provide 3D displays.Reprinted from PROTOCOL. The journal of the Entertainment Services and Technology Association (www.esta.org) Fall 2003 issue.ConclusionThe tremendous variety of rigging control systems currently available ranges from the pushbutton station to complex multi-user computerized control system. When shopping for rigging control systems you generally get what you pay for. The most important features are safety and reliability .These are features with real value, and you should expect to pay a fair price for this security. Work with an established manufacturer who can show you working installations and who will put you in contact with users who have requirements similar to yours.