高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit4 Global warming課件 新人教版選修6.ppt

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,選修6 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 4 Global warming,,1．__________(adj.) 胡亂的；任意的 2．__________(n.) 各類(lèi)；范圍 3．__________(vi.) 看一下；掃視 (n.) 一瞥 4．__________(adj.) 分布廣的；普遍的 5．__________(adj.) 平均的 6．__________(vt.) 擁護(hù)；提倡；主張 7．__________(adj.) 隨便的；漫不經(jīng)心的；偶然的 8．__________(n.) 環(huán)境；情況 9．__________(vt.) 使恢復(fù)；使振作,重點(diǎn)單詞,random range glance widespread average advocate casual circumstance refresh,10．__________(n.) 個(gè)人；個(gè)體 (adj.) 單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的 11．__________(vi.) 同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱 (vt.) (簽署)文件；捐助 12．___________(n.)現(xiàn)象 →____________(pl.)現(xiàn)象 13．__________(n.)量；數(shù)量 →____________(n.)質(zhì)量 14．__________(vi.)趨向；易于；照顧(vt.)照顧；護(hù)理 →____________(n.)傾向；趨勢(shì) 15．__________(vt.)反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量 →____________(adj.)反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的,individual subscribe phenomenon phenomena quantity quality tend tendency oppose opposed,16．___________(n.)結(jié)果；后果；影響 →_____________(adv.)因此；所以 17．__________(vt.)陳述；說(shuō)明 →____________(n.)說(shuō)明；說(shuō)法；表白 18．__________(adj.)平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的 →____________(adv.)平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地 19．__________(n.)生存；存在 →____________(vi.)存在 20．___________(n.)貢獻(xiàn) →____________(v.)貢獻(xiàn)；撰稿,consequence consequently state statement steady steadily existence exist contribution contribute,1．________________ 發(fā)生，造成 2．________________ 上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起 3．________________ 即使 4．________________ 大體上；基本上 5．________________ 代表……一方；作為……的代言人 6．________________ 忍受；容忍 7．________________ 只要,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),come about go up even if on the whole on behalf of put up with so long as,8．________________ 而不是 9．________________ 同意；贊成；訂購(gòu) 10．________________ 大量的 11．________________ 導(dǎo)致 12．________________ 反對(duì)…… 13．________________ 繼續(xù) 14．________________ 等等,rather than subscribe to quantities of result in be opposed to keep on and so on,1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正在變暖。而地球變暖正是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的，并非是一種無(wú)規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。 [解讀] no doubt后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 [仿寫(xiě)] 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，禮貌的行為受歡迎。 ________________ polite acts are welcome.,經(jīng)典句型,答案：There is no doubt that,2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在未來(lái)幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。 [解讀] even if “即使；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 [仿寫(xiě)] 即使孩子們的意見(jiàn)與你的不同，也要允許他們發(fā)表自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 Allow the children to voice their opinions，_________yours.,答案：even if they are different from,3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off! 只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你可以讓它開(kāi)著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！ [解讀] so long as＝as long as “只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 [仿寫(xiě)] 只要他能通過(guò)考試父母就給他買(mǎi)iPad。 His parents shall buy him an iPad___________________________ ______________________.,答案：so long as he can pass the exam,1．subscribe vi.同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱 vt.(簽署)文件；捐助 [教材原句] All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有的科學(xué)家贊同這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)：人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒化石燃料(如煤、天然氣和石油等)，從而引起了地球溫度的升高。,(1)subscribe to sth.同意；訂閱；向……捐款 subscribe.to.在……上簽署……；向……捐…… (2)subscribe name簽名 subscribe a will在遺囑上簽字,①I(mǎi) subscribed to your opinion completely. 我完全贊成你的意見(jiàn)。 ②I____________a monthly magazine. 我訂閱了一份月刊雜志。 ③He________________the contract. 他在合同上簽名。 ④He has________much money________the flooded area. 他向洪水災(zāi)區(qū)捐了大量的錢(qián)。,答案：②subscribed to ③subscribed to ④subscribed；to,2．quantity n. 量；數(shù)量；大量 [教材原句] The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 當(dāng)我們向空氣中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的時(shí)候，問(wèn)題就開(kāi)始了。,①a large/small quantity of大/少量的 ②(large) quantities of許多，大量 ③in quantity＝in large amounts大量地,[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。 (2)“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,①As far as I'm concerned，it is quality rather than quantity that really matters. 就我個(gè)人而言，重要的是質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量。 ②He wants to buy the books________quantity，so the storekeeper will not charge him much. 他想大量購(gòu)買(mǎi)這些書(shū)，因此店主不會(huì)要很多錢(qián)。 ③Large quantities of money_________to the earthquake victims. 大筆的錢(qián)已寄給了地震災(zāi)民。 ④As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert____________the land. 由于破壞了森林，大量的沙漠覆蓋了陸地。,答案：②in ③have been sent ④has covered,3．tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧 vt.照顧；護(hù)理 [教材原句] It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這意味著更多的熱量要被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。,(1)tend to do sth.傾向做某事 tend to sth.注意；易于 tend(to)sb./sth.照顧 (2)tendency n．傾向；趨勢(shì) have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的傾向；往往會(huì)做某事,[見(jiàn)證2014]Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said. 研究人員做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)，其目的是弄清楚使用筆記本電腦逐字記下教授所說(shuō)的話(huà)會(huì)增加“毫不動(dòng)腦”做筆記的傾向。(2014·遼寧卷閱讀理解A),①Women tend to live longer than men. 女人往往比男人長(zhǎng)壽。 ②When I'm tired，I tend________(make)mistakes. 我累了就容易出錯(cuò)。 ③Doctors and nurses________________. 醫(yī)生和護(hù)士護(hù)理受傷者。 ④Mom was usually busy__________________. 媽媽通常要忙于照顧我的妹妹們。,答案：②to make ③tended the injured ④tending(to) my younger sisters,4．oppose vt. 反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量 [教材原句] On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 在另一方面，還有一些人，像科學(xué)家喬治·漢布利，反對(duì)上面的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳。,,①M(fèi)ost citizens opposed the new law. 大多數(shù)市民反對(duì)這項(xiàng)新法律。 ②The mother opposed her daughter ________(go) there alone. 這位母親反對(duì)她女兒一個(gè)人去那兒。 ③I__________________to your plan. 我堅(jiān)決反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。 ④I object to____________(speak)to like that. 我不喜歡別人那樣對(duì)我說(shuō)話(huà)。,答案：②going ③am strongly opposed ④being spoken,5．consequence n. 結(jié)果；后果；影響 [教材原句] They predicted that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. 他們預(yù)言說(shuō)，變暖的情況不會(huì)很?chē)?yán)重，對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太壞。,①in consequence＝as a consequence 因此；結(jié)果 ②in consequence of＝as a consequence of因?yàn)椋挥捎?，因?yàn)椤木壒?③take/suffer/face the consequences of承擔(dān)……的后果 ④answer for the consequence對(duì)后果負(fù)責(zé),[見(jiàn)證2014]It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle. 這是人們不平衡的生活方式的結(jié)果。(2014·重慶卷) ①He broke the law，and now he must face/take/suffer the consequences of his action. 他違犯了法律，現(xiàn)在他必須為他的行為承擔(dān)后果。 ②Your opinion is__________________to me. 你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不重要。,答案：②of little consequence,③She was over the age limit；__________________，her application was rejected. 她超齡了；因此，她的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。 ④Jack failed to pass the exam_____________________________ being lazy in study. 由于在學(xué)習(xí)上的懶惰，杰克沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。,答案：③as a consequence/in consequence ④in consequence of/as a consequence of,6．state vt. 陳述；說(shuō)明 n．狀況；狀態(tài)；國(guó)家；政府 [教材原句] In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.” 漢布利實(shí)際上是這樣說(shuō)的：“二氧化碳含量的增加實(shí)際上是件好事……”,(1)in a state of. 在……情況下 in a good/bad state 狀況良好/不好 a state of mind 心態(tài) (2)It is/was stated that. 據(jù)稱(chēng)……,①I(mǎi)t is important to keep you in a good state of mind. 保持良好的心態(tài)很重要。 ②He was__________________of health. 他的健康狀況不佳。 ③The spokesman________________of the government on the question. 發(fā)言人闡明了政府在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。,答案：②in a poor state ③stated the position,[比較辨析],[填一填] Although the bad working ________ made him in a poor ________ of health，he had no power to change this ________.,答案： conditions；state；situation,7．range n. 種類(lèi)；范圍；幅度；界限 v. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列 [教材原句] .it will encourage a greater range of animals. ……這將對(duì)更大范圍的動(dòng)物起到鼓動(dòng)作用……,(1)a wide range of一系列…… in/within range在射程以?xún)?nèi)；在范圍內(nèi) beyond/out of range在射程外，在范圍外 out of one's range某人能力達(dá)不到的 (2)range from.to.在……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)；包括(由……到……)之間的各類(lèi)事物 range between.and.在……和……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng),①Each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services. 每個(gè)花園城市將提供一系列工作和服務(wù)。 ②The price of the house is well____________________. 這棟房子的價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了我們能承受的范圍。 ③Their ages range______________50. 他們的年齡從25到50不等。,答案：②out of/beyond our range ③from 25 to,8．a(chǎn)verage adj. 平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的 n. 平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn) v. 平均為；計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù) [教材原句] The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃. 溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的平均溫度達(dá)到了15 ℃。,(1)an average of平均數(shù)(后跟數(shù)詞) (2)on (the) average平均起來(lái) above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下 up to average達(dá)到平均數(shù)；達(dá)到一般水準(zhǔn) (3)average.out算出……的平均數(shù),[見(jiàn)證2014]An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year，making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 去年加利福尼亞全年的品均降雨量只有18.75厘米，使得這一年成為加利福尼亞1850年建州以來(lái)最干旱的一年。(2014·浙江卷),①Parents spend an average of $200 a year on toys for their children. 父母給孩子買(mǎi)玩具的花費(fèi)平均每年為200美元。 ②________average men smoke more cigarettes than women. 平均來(lái)看，男子比女子吸煙多。 ③Susie's school work is well________average. 蘇西的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平。,答案：②On ③above,9．circumstance n.(pl.) 環(huán)境；情況 [教材原句] Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情況允許的話(huà)，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和報(bào)紙。 [見(jiàn)證2014]The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. 舊規(guī)定必修被修改，因?yàn)樗鼈冎贿m用于一百年前被制定時(shí)存在的情況。(2014·湖北卷),①in/under the circumstances在這種情況下；既然如此 ②in/under no circumstances決不；無(wú)論如何都不(置于句首時(shí)，句子倒裝),①Circumstances permitting，I'll go abroad to study. 情況允許的話(huà)，我會(huì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。 ②________________，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在這種情況下，不告訴他有關(guān)這次事故的情況似乎更好。 ③__________________will her parents allow her to marry such a selfish man. 無(wú)論如何她的父母都不會(huì)讓她跟這樣自私的人結(jié)婚。,答案：②In/Under the circumstances ③In/Under no circumstances,10．come about 發(fā)生；造成 [教材原句] So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么，這種溫度的上升是怎么產(chǎn)生的，又有什么影響呢？,板塊二：短語(yǔ)和句型,(1)come about 是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，常指情況不受人控制地突然發(fā)生。常用句型：How did it come about that.某事是怎樣發(fā)生的？ It came about that.……發(fā)生了。 (2)come into being 產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，形成 come on 加油，來(lái)吧，得了吧 come out 出版，發(fā)芽 come up with 提出,①I(mǎi)'ll never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake. 我真不明白你怎么會(huì)犯這么個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 ②________did these differences come about? 這些差別是怎樣產(chǎn)生的？,答案：②How,[比較辨析],[填一填] 用take place/come about/break out/happen的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①Great changes have_________in Guangzhou since Asian Games. ②How did it________________that you were an hour late on such a short trip? ③A fire________________during the night，which caused a lot of damage. ④Luckily the earthquake didn't____________in the center of the city.,答案：①taken place ②come about ③broke out ④happen,11．go up上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起 [教材原句] It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這意味著更多的熱量要被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球溫度上升。,①go ahead走到前面；繼續(xù)前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；干吧，說(shuō)吧 ②go against違背 ③go after sb.追逐或追蹤某人,④go by(指時(shí)間)過(guò)去，消逝 ⑤go down(物價(jià)等)下跌 ⑥go in for喜歡，愛(ài)好 ⑦go over 復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)檢查，核對(duì) ⑧go round到處走動(dòng)；走彎路；(傳言、故事)流傳，傳播 ⑨go without忍受某事物的缺乏；沒(méi)有某事物也可應(yīng)付 ⑩go through經(jīng)歷(困難等)；仔細(xì)檢查；順利完成；(議案等)被正式通過(guò)或接受；用光，消耗,①The temperature has gone up. 溫度上升了。 ②The sun is____________slowly in the morning. 早上，太陽(yáng)冉冉升起。 ③As time____________，our supply is running out. 隨著時(shí)光流逝，我們的貯備就要用光了。 ④With more and more farmers growing this kind of vegetable，the price of it is____________. 隨著越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)民種植這種蔬菜，它的價(jià)格正在下降。,答案：②going up ③goes by ④going down,⑤____________your lessons carefully before you take the exam. 考試之前仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)一下課程。 ⑥She's____________a difficult time recently. 最近她日子艱難。 ⑦How long can a human being____________food? 一個(gè)人沒(méi)有吃的能扛多久？,答案：⑤Go over ⑥gone through ⑦go without,12．result in導(dǎo)致 [教材原句] They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們也同意下述觀(guān)點(diǎn)：正是由于越來(lái)越多的化石燃料的燃燒導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。,(1)result from.由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生 (2)as a result結(jié)果 (3)as a result of.由于……的結(jié)果 (4)without result沒(méi)有結(jié)果；白費(fèi),①I(mǎi)t is reported that the terrible accident resulted in 11 children being killed. 據(jù)報(bào)道這次事故造成11名兒童死亡。 ②However，pollution and other serious problems have also____________human progress. 但是，人類(lèi)的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了污染和其他嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。 ③I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help. ______________，I have made steady progress in my studies. 我經(jīng)常向同學(xué)或老師求助，因此我在學(xué)習(xí)上穩(wěn)步提高。,答案：②resulted from ③As a result,13．keep on 繼續(xù) [教材原句] Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來(lái))幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。,①keep away from遠(yuǎn)離…… ②keep an eye on注意，監(jiān)視 ③keep back阻止，阻擋；扣下，留下 ④keep fit保持健康 ⑤keep.in mind記住 ⑥keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)系 ⑦keep off避開(kāi)，不接近 ⑧keep up with趕上，跟上，不落后 ⑨keep out(使)留在外面，(使)不進(jìn)入,①She kept on asking me what the time was. 她一直在問(wèn)我?guī)c(diǎn)鐘了。 ②____________the fierce animals when visiting the zoo. 在參觀(guān)動(dòng)物園時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)離那些兇猛的動(dòng)物。 ③She couldn't_________her tears when she was done wrong. 她做錯(cuò)了事忍不住流下了眼淚。 ④Close the door to________________. 關(guān)上門(mén)阻止狗進(jìn)來(lái)。,答案：②Keep away from ③keep back,④Close the door to________________. 關(guān)上門(mén)阻止狗進(jìn)來(lái)。 ⑤____________the grass. 遠(yuǎn)離花草。 ⑥It's hard for the old to____________the social changes. 老年人很難跟得上社會(huì)變革。,答案：④keep the dog out ⑤Keep off ⑥keep up with,[填一填] ①We____________(work)in the fields in spite of the rain. ②Mr.Wang______________(explain)until the students understood.,答案：①kept working ②kept on explaining,14．on behalf of.代表……一方；作為……的代言人 [教材原句] I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖的課題研究。,(1)on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf；其中的on也可用in來(lái)代替。 (2)on sb.'s behalf除了表示“代表某人”之外，還可以表示“因?yàn)?為了某人；為了某人的利益”等。,①On behalf of the class I would like to thank you all. 我謹(jǐn)代表全班感謝大家。 ②________everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 我謹(jǐn)代表在座每一個(gè)人祝你們歸途愉快。,答案：②On behalf of,15．put up with 容忍；忍受 [教材原句] We do not have to put up with pollution. 我們沒(méi)有必要忍受污染。,(1)put up with/bear/stand/tolerate忍受；容忍 (2)put on穿上；戴上；演出 put aside節(jié)省；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存 put away收起來(lái) put forward提出建議；把……向前撥 put off延期；推遲 put out熄滅；撲滅 put through接通電話(huà) put down寫(xiě)下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓,①I(mǎi) can't put up with your rudeness any more；leave the room，please. 我不能再忍受你這種無(wú)禮的態(tài)度了，請(qǐng)離開(kāi)這個(gè)房間。 ②The sports meet has to be____________due to the bad weather. 由于天氣不好，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)只得延期。 ③One moment please，I'm just trying to______________. 請(qǐng)等一下，我這就給你接通電話(huà)。,答案：②put off ③put you through,16．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off! 只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你可以讓它開(kāi)著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！,(1)so/as long as “只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。as long as還可表示“與……一樣長(zhǎng)”。 as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as 既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句,(2)as far as至于，直到，遠(yuǎn)到；就……而言 as many as多達(dá)……(與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用) as much as多達(dá)……(與不可數(shù)名詞連用) as well as既……又……；除……之外(也)；此外 as good as幾乎，實(shí)際上；無(wú)異；不亞于,①Don't mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 只要我們對(duì)所做的事情有信心就不要介意別人的話(huà)。 ②________________you help me，I shall never despair. 只要你幫我，我決不會(huì)失望。 ③I bought a secondhand chair which is____________new. 我買(mǎi)了一把二手椅子，它如同新的一樣。 ④______________I could remember，I did return him the money. 就我所能記得的，我確實(shí)把錢(qián)還給他了。,答案：②So long as ③as good as ④As far as,Ⅰ.按強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式改寫(xiě)下列句子 1．The meeting will not begin until everyone is seated.(強(qiáng)調(diào)not.until.) →__________________________________the meeting will begin. 2．Why did he come late for the meeting？(強(qiáng)調(diào)why) →________________________________he came late for the meeting?,單元語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：it的用法(Ⅱ),答案：1.It is not until everyone is seated that 2．Why was it that,3．How did you find his house？(強(qiáng)調(diào)how) →________________________________you found his house? 4．Where did the 44th World Table Tennis Championship take place？(強(qiáng)調(diào)where) →________________________________the 44th World Table Tennis Championship took place? 5．Did they clean the classroom yesterday？(強(qiáng)調(diào)they) →______________________cleaned the classroom yesterday?,答案：3.How was it that 4．Where was it that 5.Was it they that/who,Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子 1．____________________told us the news.(it) 是李萍告訴我們這個(gè)消息的。 2．____________________about life.(complain) 抱怨生活是沒(méi)有用的。 3．I____________________to do exercise in the morning.(rule) 我早上做運(yùn)動(dòng)已成了規(guī)律。,答案：1.It was Li Ping who 2．It is no use complaining 3．have made it a rule,