005JX乘客電梯的PLC控制
005JX乘客電梯的PLC控制,jx,乘客電梯,plc,控制,節(jié)制
外文資料翻譯
Mechanical Technology in the rubber industry outlined in the application
機械技術在橡膠工業(yè)中的應用概述
In the development of human society in the modern process. Rubber Industries is an indispensable Economy, Trade and Industry. In the rubber industry in the development of rubber technology and rubber machinery (or electromechanical) to the progress and development of technology played an important role in promoting this. The development of rubber industry, rubber and rubber machinery industry technology constitutes a technical rubber products all the technical process and industrial technology system. Made in 1820 by the British human-driven single-roller rubber mixing machine. 1826 twin-roll Drum open rubber mixing machine into production beginning of the human rubber machinery production prelude. So far, human society has been the application of rubber machinery 180 years of history.
在人類社會發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代進程中.橡膠工業(yè)也是一門不可缺少的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)。而在橡膠工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中,橡膠工藝及橡膠機械(或機電)技術的進步和發(fā)展起了重要的推動作用。橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展,橡膠工業(yè)技術及橡膠機械技術構(gòu)成了橡膠制品的全部技術過程和產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系。1820年英國制成了由人力驅(qū)動的單輥式煉膠機。1826年雙輥筒式的開放式煉膠機投入生產(chǎn),拉開了人類橡膠機械生產(chǎn)的序幕。至今,人類社會橡膠機械的應用已有180多年的歷史了。
1839 since. A series of rubber machinery and equipment will come out, in addition to the application of vulcanized rubber vulcanization facilities, and other rubber machinery, such as plunger hose extrusion machine (1858), screw extruder (1879), rubber calendering Machine (1843 ~ 1900), Closed rubber mixing machine (1916). Rubber machinery and equipment. At that time, has spent the rubber industry production process, the promotion of the development of rubber industry has played a facilitating role.
1839年以來.一系列的橡膠機械設備陸續(xù)問世,除適應橡膠硫化技術應用的硫化設備外,其他橡膠機械,如柱塞式膠管擠出機(1858年),螺桿擠出機(1879年),橡膠壓延機(1843~1900年),密閉式煉膠機(1916年)。等橡膠機械設備。先后投入當時的橡膠工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程,對推動橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展起了一定的促進作用。
1904, lead oxide, magnesium oxide, such as the discovery of inorganic curing agent, in particular 1919 organic Thiofide D, the discovery and use of M, and further promote the improvement of production efficiency has greatly improved the performance of the use of rubber products, expanded use. 1920 accession to the carbon black rubber, makes rubber products would be an overall improvement in performance and improvement. Therefore, the application of carbon black rubber industry and promoting the progress and all-round development. In the early 20th century and the middle of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, Germany, France and other countries, has invented a synthetic rubber industrial technologies. And the establishment of a series of synthetic rubber production equipment and factories. Coupled with the region's natural rubber production of large-scale resources for the mankind modern rubber industry opened up the comprehensive development of the material resource base.
1904年,氧化鉛、氧化鎂等無機硫化劑的發(fā)現(xiàn),特別是1919年有機硫化促進劑D、M的發(fā)現(xiàn)和應用,進一步促進了生產(chǎn)效率的提高,大大改善了橡膠制品的使用性能,擴大了使用范圍。1920年把炭黑加入橡膠中,才使得橡膠制品的性能得以全面改善和提高。因此,炭黑的應用又促進了橡膠工業(yè)進步和全面發(fā)展。20世紀初及中葉,蘇聯(lián)、美國、英國、德國、法國等國家,先后發(fā)明了合成橡膠工業(yè)技術。并建立了一系列橡膠合成生產(chǎn)裝置及工廠。再加上東南亞地區(qū)的天然橡膠資源生產(chǎn)的規(guī)?;瑸槿祟惉F(xiàn)代橡膠工業(yè)的全面發(fā)展開辟了物質(zhì)資源基礎。
Is a highly flexible rubber typical materials, its physical properties are very complicated. Most of the processing of rubber molding process are similar to the melt flow and deformation process, but also in the processing of rubber products, the Health and plastic to go through plastic necklace, mixing, pressure-type, shape, curing process procedures, in order to become products. In the modern chemical products, such as rubber, plastics, paints, fibers, lubricants, ceramics, and other similar material production and engineering applications, the complexity of its mechanical properties. Purely based on the elasticity, viscosity or plasticity theory theory can not meet these materials processing requirements of the deformation process. So based on the nature of the complex mechanics of the research topic - rheological theory will be referred to the new human research subjects on the agenda. 1928, the United States set up the "Evolution Society", 1940, the British set up the rheological Club (later renamed the Institute of Evolution). In addition, the Netherlands, West Germany, France, Japan and other countries have also set up a corresponding flow Institute. 1948 convening of the International Society of Rheology. In 1953 the establishment of the International Association of rheology. Since then one involving applied mathematics, physics, elasticity, the material mechanics, fluid mechanics, geology, engineering and other subjects on the verge of disciplines - have emerged rheology, and gradually has been extensively applied. Rheological not only in the rubber, plastics, coatings, printing, Portland, foodstuffs, and other industrial production has been extensively applied, but also to infrastructure, machinery, transport, irrigation, chemical industry and many other industrial sectors: involves many substances from solid to liquid processes. Rheology in the rubber industry. Widely used in the processing of rubber molding products research and application. Such as rubber mixing, rolling, extrusion, injection molding and other processes. Because of its macromolecular polymer chain structure and movement characteristics of the physical state gathered on showing a four kinds of physical state: a crystalline and non-crystalline 3 (glass state, high-elastic state, viscous flow state) . Rubber in normal circumstances is the use of high-elastic state. In the course of processing molding viscous flow state, in the vulcanized only basic treatment before losing mobility, and a high flexibility based elastomer material.
橡膠是一種高彈性的典型材料,其物理性能十分復雜。大多數(shù)橡膠的加工成型過程都有近似熔體的流動和變形過程,而且在橡膠產(chǎn)品的加工過程中,生膠要經(jīng)過塑煉、混煉、壓型、成型、硫化的工藝程序,才能成為產(chǎn)品。在現(xiàn)代化工產(chǎn)品中,諸如橡膠、塑料、油漆、纖維、潤滑油、陶瓷等一類材料的生產(chǎn)及工程技術的應用,對其材料的復雜力學性質(zhì).依據(jù)單純的彈性力學、粘性理論或塑性理論都不能滿足這些材料加工過程的形變要求。于是一種基于對復雜介質(zhì)力學性質(zhì)的研究課題——流變學理論便提到了人類新學科研究的議事日程。1928年,美國成立了“流變學會”,1940年,英國成立了流變學俱樂部(后改為流變學會)。此外,荷蘭、西德、法國、日本等國家也相應成立了流變學會。1948年召開了國際流變學會。1953年成立了國際流變協(xié)會。從此一門涉及到應用數(shù)學、物理學、彈性力學、材料力學、流體力學、地質(zhì)學、工程學及其他學科的邊緣學科——流變學應運而生,并逐漸得到廣泛應用。流變學不僅在橡膠、塑料、涂料、印刷、硅酸鹽、食品等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到廣泛應用,還涉及到基本建設、機械、運輸、水利、化學工業(yè)等眾多工業(yè)部門:涉及到許多物質(zhì)從固體到液體的變化過程。流變學在橡膠工業(yè)中。廣泛應用于橡膠制品加工成型的研究和應用。如對橡膠的混煉、壓延、擠出、注射成型等加工過程。高聚物由于它的大分子鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)和運動特點,在物理聚集態(tài)上呈現(xiàn)出4種物理狀態(tài):即1個結(jié)晶態(tài)和3個非結(jié)晶態(tài)(玻璃態(tài)、高彈態(tài)、粘流態(tài))。橡膠在正常使用情況下是高彈態(tài).而在加工成型過程中是粘流態(tài),只有在硫化處理后才基本失去流動性,而變成以高彈性為主的彈性體材料。
Because of the late 19th century and early 20th century, the theory of rubber exploration and the principles of the invention. Especially rheology and application of the theoretical study of the development of rubber industry makes, whether in the filler, vulcanization accelerator, or in the process principle aspects have undergone profound changes. On the development of the rubber industry in a qualitative change. At the same time, all kinds of rubber machinery also made great progress and development. At that time, not only the names many rubber machinery, and its structure, specifications, varieties, and so had been reached a certain level of the scale, fine, and the degree of automation and linkage. If rubber mechanical transmission power to hundreds of thousands of kilowatts stem watts, weight machines to a few hundred tons. Rubber products in the process of production plastic necklace, mixing, rolling, extrusion, molding, in the process of curing six have a complete matching of mechanical devices.
由于19世紀末和20世紀初,對橡膠工藝理論的原理探索和發(fā)明。特別是流變學理論的研究和應用使得橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展,無論是在填充劑、硫化促進劑方面,還是在工藝原理方面都發(fā)生了深刻變化。對橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一次質(zhì)的變化。同時,各種橡膠機械也有了很大的進步和發(fā)展。當時的橡膠機械不僅名目眾多,而且其結(jié)構(gòu)、規(guī)格、品種等都巳達到一定水平的規(guī)?;⒕毣?、自動化和聯(lián)動化程度。如有的橡膠機械傳動功率達到數(shù)百干瓦至數(shù)千千瓦,機器重量達到幾百噸。在橡膠制品生產(chǎn)過程的塑煉、混煉、壓延、壓出、成型、硫化六個工藝過程中都有了配套齊全的機械裝置。
Compound rubber machinery industry is one of the basic equipment. At present production machinery to open dozens of rubber mixing. Health glue used plastic necklace, plastic material mixing; pressed for the compression machine for plastic, heat-Lian compound mainly used for preheating and plastic; crusher for crushing such as natural rubber, remove plastic washing machine for Health and plastic waste compound impurities; mill mainly used for waste plastic block grinding; refining machine used to remove the hard plastic renewable impurities; reclaimed rubber mixing machine, mainly for the reclaimed rubber pinch Lian; breathing machine for plastic pressure breathing Film compression; crepe-pressure machine, mainly for crepe-compression; experimental rubber mixing machine, the main compound used in a small number of experiments, etc. .
煉膠機械是橡膠工業(yè)的基本設備之一。目前生產(chǎn)的開放式煉膠機械達數(shù)十種。主要用于生膠的塑煉,膠料的混煉;壓片機用于壓片、供膠;熱煉機主要用于膠料預熱和供膠;破碎機用于天然橡膠的破碎等,洗膠機用于除去生膠和廢膠中的雜質(zhì);粉碎機主要用于廢膠塊的粉碎;精煉機主要用于除去再生膠中的硬雜質(zhì);再生膠混煉機,主要用于再生膠的捏煉;煙膠壓片機用于煙膠片壓片等;縐片壓片機,主要用于縐片壓片工作;實驗用煉膠機,主要用于各種少量膠料的實驗工作等。
calendered rubber, rubber products processing is in the process of one of the basic equipment. Since 1843 three-roll calendar application, we have 160 years of development history. From the modern to modern specifications and various new calendar will continue to emerge, its specifications, speed, Banzhipin high accuracy, a high degree of automation machinery, the machinery has become the modern calendar of the main structural features. At present production largest calendar has reached more than φ1055 × 3000 mm, roller line speed of up to 120 m / min above, the semi-finished calendar has reached its thickness error within ± 0.0025 mm. And achieve full electronic control of the computer and automation level.
橡膠壓延機,也是橡膠制品加工過程中的基本設備之一。自1843年三輥壓延機應用以來,已有160多年的發(fā)展歷史了。從近代到現(xiàn)代各種不同規(guī)格和新型的壓延機不斷涌現(xiàn),其規(guī)格大、速度快、半制品精度高、機器自動化程度高,已成為現(xiàn)代壓延機械的主要結(jié)構(gòu)特征。目前生產(chǎn)的壓延機最大規(guī)模已達到φ1055×3000毫米以上,輥筒線速度高達120米/分以上,壓延的半成品其厚度誤差已達到±0.0025毫米以內(nèi)。并達到采用電子計算機和全程控制的自動化水平。
Closed Compound (mixer), rubber and plastic mixing refining one of the main equipment. The development of modern mixer, a high-speed, high-pressure and high-performance characteristics, and is divided into low-speed (20 to the rotor speed / min), the velocity (speed of 30 to 40 ~ / min) and high-speed (60 to speed / min) 3. In recent years also appear to speed in the 80 / mixer at high speed over armed
密閉式煉膠機(簡稱密煉機),是橡膠的塑煉和混煉的主要設備之一?,F(xiàn)代密煉機的發(fā)展,具有高速、高壓和高效能的特點,并分為低速(轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速為20轉(zhuǎn)/分)、中速(轉(zhuǎn)速為30~40轉(zhuǎn)/分)和高速(轉(zhuǎn)速為60轉(zhuǎn)/分)3種。近年來還出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速在80轉(zhuǎn)/分以上的高速密煉機械。
Rubber extruder (screw extruder), the world's first since 1879-screw extruder Since the birth of all kinds of screw extruder machinery in a large number of different varieties have been supporting complete specification has been adapted to different product performance characteristics of the request. If pressure extrusion machine, mainly for the shape of the semi-finished production; filter plastic extrusion machine for removing plastic mix and the Health and the impurity; Lian plastic extrusion machine for the continuous plastic glue Health Lian: granulation extruders for plastic compound and the Health and the granulation; compression extruder. To compound the pressure plate; desulfurization renewable plastic extruder for the desulfurization: extrusion dehydration Gechengjiao extruder for dehydration and regeneration plastic dry: Cable extruder for the cable coated molding; row Gas extruder. For mixing compound from the air and water and volatile compounds, such as low-molecular-weight. These specifications complete extrusion machinery, the development of the rubber industry and was credited. It has become the driving force of the rubber products processing and optimization of the equipment. Injection Molding Machine, also known as the Note Press, mainly for the production of rubber molded products. Note pressure machinery, its structure, is divided into horizontal injection press, vertical injection press, Kok injection machine and the Multi-Position Press Note 4. Press each note is divided into many different sizes of the specifications.
橡膠擠出機(螺桿擠出機),自1879年世界第一臺螺桿擠出機誕生以來,各種形式的螺桿擠出機械大量出現(xiàn),不同規(guī)格品種已配套齊全,已適應不同產(chǎn)品性能特點的要求。如壓型擠出機,主要用于各種斷面形狀的半成品生產(chǎn);濾膠擠出機,用于除去混煉膠和生膠中的雜質(zhì);塑煉擠出機,用于生膠的連續(xù)塑煉:造粒擠出機,用于膠料和生膠的造粒;壓片擠出機.用于膠料的壓片;脫硫擠出機用于再生膠的脫硫:擠壓脫水擠出機用于合成膠和再生膠的脫水干燥:電纜擠出機,用于電纜的包覆成型;排氣擠出機.用于排出混入膠料中的空氣和水分及低分子揮發(fā)物等。這些規(guī)格齊全的擠出機械,對橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展立下了汗馬功勞。成為各種橡膠制品加工的動力和優(yōu)選設備之一。注射成型機,又稱為注壓機,主要用于生產(chǎn)各種橡膠模壓制品。注壓機械,按其結(jié)構(gòu)形式,又分為臥式注壓機、立式注壓機、角式注機及多工位注壓機4種。每種注壓機又分為許多大小不同的規(guī)格品種。
Tire rubber industry is the largest number one product. Whether raw materials from the use of rubber and rubber products, output of rubber products which occupies the lion's share of the market, consume about 80% of the volume of rubber resources. Therefore, the tire molding machinery is also important. Since the invention of pneumatic tire in 1888, with the development of the automobile industry, various specifications, the various properties of a large number of rubber tyres. A high-performance, high-quality car, if there is no corresponding performance and quality of the tire support is equivalent to scrap general. And the development of tire industry tire molding machinery participation is crucial. Tubeless tire or whether they would have to be certain to die molding machinery stereotypes. Forming particular tire, tire production is in the process of core processes, tire various "parts" of the assembly process, will soon cord, bead, wrapper, tread, and other components of processed into paste composition tire embryo . Therefore tire molding machinery determines to a large extent the performance and quality of tyres. As human socio-economic and cultural progress and development, a wide range of a large number of vehicles. Therefore various types and specifications of the tire also endless. Such as cars, buses, trucks, construction vehicles and other special vehicles and aircraft, which have their own dedicated tyre varieties and specifications. In recent years there has high strength and high wear resistance of the steel skeleton radial tire, making automobile tires, performance and the structure and quality to a new level. This constant tire molding machinery to put a higher demand.
輪胎是橡膠工業(yè)最為龐大的頭號產(chǎn)品。無論從橡膠原料的使用量和橡膠產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)量來看它都占據(jù)橡膠制品市場的大部分份額,消耗約80%的橡膠資源量。因此,輪胎成型機械也十分重要。自1888年發(fā)明充氣輪胎后,隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,各種規(guī)格、各種性能的橡膠輪胎大量涌現(xiàn)。一輛高性能、高質(zhì)量的汽車,要是沒有相應性能和質(zhì)量的輪胎支撐,就等于廢鐵一般。而輪胎工業(yè)的發(fā)展輪胎的成型機械參與也是至關重要的。無論是內(nèi)胎或外胎它們都需要有一定的成型機械模具來定型。特別是外胎的成型,是輪胎生產(chǎn)過程中的核心工序,是外胎各種“零部件”的組裝過程,即將簾布、鋼絲圈、包布、胎面等各種部件組合貼合加工成輪胎胎胚。故輪胎成型機械在很大程度上決定著輪胎的性能和質(zhì)量。隨著人類社會經(jīng)濟文化的進步和發(fā)展,各式各樣的車輛大量涌現(xiàn)。因而各種類型和規(guī)格性能的輪胎也層出不窮.諸如小轎車、客車、貨車、工程車和其他各種專用車輛及飛機等,都有自己的專用輪胎品種和規(guī)格。近年來又出現(xiàn)高強度和高耐磨性能的鋼絲骨架子午胎,使得汽車輪胎的結(jié)構(gòu)性能及質(zhì)量又上了一個新臺階。這都不斷給輪胎成型機械提出了更高的要求。
Tire molding machine many of the types, according to the method of forming: sleeve-law and two kinds of stickers; by shaping the contours of the drum: drum, semi-drum, and the core-wheeled four-wheel-core. In addition, all other uses of different shapes and rubber products, there is a basic molding process. Therefore a variety of rubber molding machines and even offers a dazzling. Only a wide variety of ring tens of thousands of species on the number. This shows that the rubber molding machinery industry is also very complicated and very important.
輪胎成型機的種類很多,按成型方法分有:套筒法和層貼法2種;按成型鼓的輪廓分有:鼓式、半鼓式、芯輪式和半芯輪式4種。此外,其他所有不同形狀及用途的橡膠制品,基本都有一個成型的過程。因此各種各樣的橡膠制品成型機具更是千姿百態(tài)和琳瑯滿目。僅各式各樣的密封圈品種就達數(shù)萬種之多。可見橡膠工業(yè)的成型機械也是十分繁雜和極為重要的。
Vulcanization machinery, a variety of rubber products of the final steps in the processing machinery, mainly for the various rubber products, plastic, rubber products, such as sulfide processing. The main structure of three kinds of forms: one is flat vulcanizer, and the autoclave (including pressure autoclave) and the drum machine sulfide. Flat-curing the use of broader, more variety. In addition to direct use of vulcanized rubber products processing, can also be used in the plastics industry thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic plastics processing repression. Because of their body structure and working principle is basically the same. Many of the types and forms. According to the purpose, has the vulcanized rubber model of flat products, with flat-curing machine, V-belt plate curing machine, sheet plate curing machine. Vulcanized rubber products tank is the first production application of curing equipment, mainly for the vulcanization of rubber products work. Can also be used to autoclave curing soles, adhesive tape and model products. Therefore, "omnipotent" said curing machine. Drum curing machine, "belt" and the "V-belt" two categories. Mainly used for curing surface shape and surface quality of the special requirements of thin strip of rubber products, such as tread rubber and plastic sheet printing and dyeing, such as the conduction band. If accompanied by the necessary accessories device can be used to transport sulfide zone, belts and other similar products vulcanized rubber processing. Drum Machine continuous vulcanization sulfide, easy assembly and the formation of automated production lines. Substantially reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency and product quality.
硫化機械,是各種橡膠制品的最后一道工序的加工機械,主要用于各種橡膠制品、膠帶、膠板等制品的硫化加工。其主要結(jié)構(gòu)有3種形式:一種是平板硫化機,另外是硫化罐(包括水壓硫化罐)和鼓式硫化機。平板硫化機的使用范圍較廣,種類也多。除直接用于橡膠制品的硫化加工外,還可用于塑料工業(yè)中的熱固性塑料或熱塑性塑料的壓制加工。因為他們的工作原理和機體結(jié)構(gòu)都基本相同。其種類及形態(tài)繁多。按用途來分,大體有橡膠模型制品平板硫化機、平帶平板硫化機、三角帶平板硫化機、膠板平板硫化機等。硫化罐是橡膠制品生產(chǎn)中應用最早的硫化設備之一,主要用于橡膠制品硫化工作。硫化罐還可用來硫化鞋底、涂膠膠布及模型制品等。故有“萬能”硫化機之稱。鼓式硫化機,有“平帶”和“三角帶”兩大類。主要用來硫化表面形狀和表面質(zhì)量有特殊要求的薄型橡膠板帶制品,如花紋膠板、印刷膠板及印染導帶等。若配上必要的配件裝置,還可用于硫化運輸帶、傳動帶及其他類似橡膠制品的硫化加工。鼓式硫化機可連續(xù)硫化,容易實現(xiàn)自動化和形成流水作業(yè)生產(chǎn)線。大大減輕勞動強度,提高工效和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
For the development of rubber industry, mechanical and process technology research determines its speed and level of development determines the performance and quality of products. Generally speaking, industrial technology research and product cycle faster some frequency. Changes in technology and machinery cycle is slow, it decided to change the cycle of the life of the equipment, work efficiency and product quality. It is precisely because of machinery and equipment have a clear life, it makes a certain inertia of the operation. Thus to create a difficult change or do not need rapid changes in the direct experience. This is a reality for many people, the community and even some scientific research departments only attaches great importance to technology innovation and ignore changes in mechanical and technological advances and the development of one of the main reasons. The mindset of the people is to determine awareness of changes and developments. Any material production originated in the first production practice on the real social needs of the objective.
對于橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展,機械技術及工藝研究決定著其發(fā)展速度和水平,決定著產(chǎn)品的性能和質(zhì)量。一般說來,產(chǎn)業(yè)和產(chǎn)品工藝研究的周期變化頻率較快一些。而機械技術的變化周期則較慢,它的周期變化決定著機器設備的使用壽命、工作效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。正因為機器設備有一個明確使用壽命,才使得它具有一定的運行慣性。從而給人們一個不易變化或也不需要較快變化的直接感受。這也是造成現(xiàn)實社會的許多人們甚至包括一些科研部門只十分重視工藝技術的革新變化而忽視機械技術的進步和發(fā)展的主要原因之一。人們的觀念意識是決定行為的變化和發(fā)展。任何物質(zhì)性產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)首先起源于對現(xiàn)實社會生產(chǎn)實踐的客觀需求。
For the rubber industry development, not only the normal process of production of rubber products. Mechanical technology and the increasing need in-depth study of technology and joint development of modern commodity market competitive situation also not tolerate such people Zaizuo wait-and-see or delay time, and in addition to the sustenance of mankind growing material and cultural wealth, the need for rapid development of the rubber industry, , large piles of scrap rubber, people also need to face the urgent and effective treatment. This is not only a rubber resources conservation needs, but also the living environment of human security requirements. To solve the normal development of rubber industry and scrap rubber recycling use of resources, only mechanical technology and the joint development of technology to achieve their goals. Contemporary rubber industry development so that the waste rubber recycling of resources must take machines improvement and progress in the joint development of the road is the only correct way. And the improvement of machinery technology is the essence of mechanical work of the progress of chemical process technology is the core content of their joint development of the modern rubber industry is able to quickly and efficiently optimize and promote the development of intrinsic motivation. Of course also includes scientific management technology decision-making body elements.
對于橡膠工業(yè)發(fā)展來說,不僅正常的橡膠制品生產(chǎn)過程.越來越需要機械技術與工藝技術的深入研究及協(xié)同發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代商品市場的競爭態(tài)勢也容不得人
收藏