2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材課文要點(diǎn)Module2NoDrugs夯基提能作業(yè)外研版必修.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材課文要點(diǎn)Module2NoDrugs夯基提能作業(yè)外研版必修 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 　　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A Medical studies have shown that smoking leads to health problems not only for the smoker, but also for people who are around. As a result of this, many people believe that smoking should not be allowed in public places. Although there are arguments on both sides, I strongly agree that a ban is the most appropriate course of action. Opponents of such a ban argue against it for several reasons. Firstly, they say that passive smokers can make the choice not to breathe in other people’s smoke by going to places where smoking is not allowed. If they would prefer not to smoke passively, then they do not need to visit places where smoking is permitted. In addition, they believe a ban may possibly drive many bars and pubs out of business as smokers will not go there anymore. They also argue it is a matter of freedom of choice. Smoking can lift one’s spirit and it is not against the law, so individuals should have the freedom to smoke where they wish. However, there are more convincing arguments in favor of the ban. First and foremost, it has been proven that tobacco consists of carcinogenic(致癌的) pounds which cause serious harm to a person’s health, not only the smoker. In particular, the pregnant women and kids suffer much more than ordinary ones. It is simply not fair to press this terrible effect upon another person. It is also the case that people’s health is more important than businesses. In any case, pubs and restaurants could adapt to a ban by, for example, allowing smoking areas. In conclusion, it is clear that it should be made illegal to smoke in public places. This may improve the health of thousands of people, and it is most definitely a positive development. 1.What is the writer’s attitude towards the ban? A.Disapproving. B.Supportive. C.Skeptical. D.Indifferent. 2.One who is against the ban holds the view that　　　. A.smoking does no harm to people’s health B.passive smokers can choose to stay away C.smoking in public is more enjoyable D.people are free to do anything in bars 3.Paragraph 3 is written to　　　. A.stress the importance of smoking areas B.offer supporting evidence to the ban C.clarify the harmfulness of smoking D.ask people to focus on personal health 4.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Positive aspects of smoking. B.The views of people opposed to the smoking ban. C.Different views on the smoking ban in public. D.The reasons why the smoking ban should be issued. B Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of death in the United States. It accounts for more than 440,000 of the annual 2.4 million deaths.Cigarette smokers have a higher risk of developing several chronic disorders.These include fatty build-up in arteries,several types of cancer and lung problems.Build-up of fatty substances in the arteries is a chief contributor to the high number of deaths from smoking.Many studies detail the evidence that cigarette smoking is a major cause of coronary heart disease,which leads to heart attack. Cigarette smoking is so widespread and significant as a risk factor that the Surgeon General has called it“the leading preventable cause of disease and deaths in the United States”.Cigarette smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease by itself.When it acts with other factors,it greatly increases risk.Smoking increases blood pressure,decreases exercise tolerance and increases the tendency for blood to clot.Smoking also increases the risk of coronary heart disease after bypass surgery. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for young men and women.It produces a greater relative risk in persons under age 50 than in those over 50. Women who smoke greatly increase their risk of coronary heart disease and stroke pared with nonsmoking women.Cigarette smoking bined with a family history of heart disease also seems to greatly increase the risk. Studies show that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for stroke.Cigarette smoke produces several effects that damage the cerebrovascular system. 5.What does the underlined phrase“account for”in the first paragraph mean? A.Have effect on. B.Make up. C.Reduce by. D.Take off. 6.Why does smoking cause so many deaths? A.It can cause build-up of fatty substances in the arteries. B.It harms the hearts,which is the main cause of deaths. C.It harms our immune(免疫的)systems. D.It hurts our brains a lot. 7.If we have some illnesses in our heart,smoking can　　　. A.harm the blood B.reduce the beat of the heart C.more likely cause coronary heart disease D.cause blood to clot in our body Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空 　　閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx全國(guó)卷Ⅰ模擬五) Married people are twice as likely to bee fat than single people, scientists claim. Greek researchers 　1　 (find) that married couples were more likely to bee fat due to their significantly changed lifestyle as they let themselves go. Married men are three times as likely to suffer obesity while married women are twice as likely to have weight problems, it found. The research, 　2　 (base) on the study of more than 17,000 couples aged between 20 and 70, found that married couples exercised less 　3　 (frequent), had poor nutrition and were fortable in their lives. Married couples spend more time 　4　 (eat) together, sit in front of the TV and often order takeaway meals while exercising less. Professor Dimitris Kiortsis, one of the study’s co-authors, said 　5　 obesity was found to be directly related 　6　 a change in lifestyle. He said that unmarried individuals originally spend a lot of time keeping fit and making themselves attractive in order to find a partner, 　7　 once they get married 　8　let themselves go. “The need to hunt for a partner is reduced,” he said. “Stress and anxiety is reduced in a good marriage. There is less smoking, and therefore one’s appetite increases.” 　9　 study advised married couples to take more exercise, to have only one home-cooked meal a day, to avoid snacks, and to follow a Mediterranean diet 　10　 includes a lot of fruit, vegetables and olive oil. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　對(duì)于在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙的禁令,人們持有不同的觀點(diǎn)。 1.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中I strongly agree that a ban is the most appropriate course of action.以及最后一段可知,作者對(duì)待這個(gè)禁令的態(tài)度是支持的。 2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Firstly,they say that passive smokers can make the choice not to breathe in other people’s smoke by going to places where smoking is not allowed.以及they do not need to visit places where smoking is permitted可知,反對(duì)禁煙令的人認(rèn)為,被動(dòng)吸煙者可以通過(guò)不去有人吸煙的區(qū)域避免吸入二手煙。 3.B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中there are more convincing arguments in favor of the ban以及其后內(nèi)容可知,作者寫(xiě)這一段是為了給這個(gè)禁令提供支持的論據(jù)。 4.C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本文圍繞著頒布公共場(chǎng)合禁煙令的事件展開(kāi)了議論,提出了對(duì)于這條禁令的不同觀點(diǎn)。 B [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　最新的研究表明,吸煙可以導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈脂肪的堆積,這是目前吸煙導(dǎo)致死亡的主要原因。吸煙者患上心臟病或者中風(fēng)的幾率很高。研究同樣發(fā)現(xiàn),家族吸煙患病率會(huì)更高。 5.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系后面的“of the annual 2.4 million deaths”我們知道,在每年死亡的240萬(wàn)人中,吸煙致死的占44萬(wàn),因此account for在這里是“占據(jù),組成”的意思。 6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段中Build-up of fatty substances in the arteries is a chief contributor to the high number of deaths from smoking.我們知道,動(dòng)脈脂肪堆積是吸煙造成死亡的主要原因。 7.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段中Cigarette smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease by itself.When it acts with other factors,it greatly increases risk.我們知道,如果本身有心臟方面的疾病,吸煙會(huì)增加冠狀心臟病的患病幾率。 Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空 [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　科學(xué)家跟蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)已婚的男人比單身男人更容易發(fā)胖,背后的原因是什么呢? 1.found　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were可知,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2.based　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)be based on可知此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞based。 3.frequently　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞exercised。 4.eating　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處考查固定搭配:spend time doing sth.花時(shí)間做某事。 5.that　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,該從句意思完整,結(jié)構(gòu)正確,所以應(yīng)填that。 6.to　考查固定搭配:be related to與……相關(guān)的。 7.but　考查連詞用法。前后兩個(gè)分句在意思上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,要用but連接。 8.they　考查代詞用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和themselves可知,此處要用復(fù)數(shù)的主格代詞they。 9.The　考查冠詞用法。這項(xiàng)研究建議已婚夫婦多進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。此處特指這項(xiàng)研究。 10.which/that　考查定語(yǔ)從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞a Mediterranean diet,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。