CA6140車床撥叉[831007] 數(shù)控加工工藝及夾具工裝設(shè)計(jì)【鉆擴(kuò)22和55孔氣動(dòng)夾具】[含CAD圖紙和文檔所見所得]
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河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 11 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)110設(shè)備材料名稱組合機(jī)床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)Z525轉(zhuǎn)床硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱麻花鉆塞規(guī)技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)07 鉆2-錐銷孔、螺紋孔、89911.52205.81攻螺紋8991.52205.81編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 3 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)030設(shè)備材料名稱銑床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)XA5032硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱銑刀YG6技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)01粗銑中間空下端面73730.90.4522069.11粗銑2端小孔下端面22220.40.182203611編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 4 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)040設(shè)備材料名稱銑床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)XA5032硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱銑刀YG6千分表技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)02精銑兩小頭上端面40160800.896010.31精銑中間孔上端面73730.5496015.11編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 8 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)080設(shè)備材料名稱鉆床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)Z550硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱絞刀千分表技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)03鉆、擴(kuò)22孔;粗鉸、精鉸22孔2250500.50.727215.41擴(kuò)中間孔22505012.512518.81編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 12 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)120設(shè)備材料名稱銑斷機(jī)床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱銑刀YG6技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)4銑斷732016010.11編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 6張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831007零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)060設(shè)備材料名稱銑床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)XA5032硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱銑刀YG6技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)05精銑中間孔端面73730.5496010.31編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志河南科技 學(xué)院機(jī)械加工工序卡片共14 張第 11 張產(chǎn)品代號(hào)831001零(部)件代號(hào)零(部)件名稱撥叉工序號(hào)110設(shè)備材料名稱組合機(jī)床名稱灰鑄鐵型號(hào)硬度0.16Gpa夾具名稱、編號(hào)專用夾具刀具量具輔具名稱規(guī)格名稱名稱規(guī)格名稱麻花鉆塞規(guī)技術(shù)等級工時(shí)定額班產(chǎn)量準(zhǔn)備及終結(jié)時(shí)間工作地點(diǎn)服務(wù)時(shí)間基本時(shí)間輔助時(shí)間單件時(shí)間工序號(hào)工步名稱及內(nèi)容加工表面尺寸切削用量直徑或?qū)挾乳L度加工計(jì)算長度切深走刀量轉(zhuǎn)速或雙 行程數(shù)切速走刀次數(shù)06 鉆2X錐銷孔89911.52205.81編制設(shè)計(jì)盧曉志審核批準(zhǔn)描圖校對盧曉志撥叉零件數(shù)控加工工藝卡河南科技學(xué)院撥叉零件數(shù)控加工工藝卡產(chǎn)品型號(hào)831007零件名稱件數(shù)第1頁實(shí)訓(xùn)產(chǎn)品撥 叉共1頁零件加工路線零 件 規(guī) 格車間工 序材料HT200庫房下料重量2.0kg鉗工去毛刺鉗工劃線數(shù)控銑銑成形鉗工去毛刺零件技術(shù)要求檢驗(yàn)室檢驗(yàn)序號(hào)工步名稱設(shè)備名稱設(shè)備型號(hào)工具編號(hào)工具名稱工序內(nèi)容單件工時(shí)備注01粗銑、精銑20、50下端面數(shù)控銑床XA5032YG6銑刀粗銑中間空下端面粗銑2端小孔下端面0.810.6202粗銑、精銑20上端面;粗銑、精銑50上端面數(shù)控銑床XA5032YG6銑刀精銑兩小頭上端面精銑中間孔上端面0.310.20503鉆、擴(kuò)20孔,粗鉸、精鉸20孔;粗鏜、半精鏜50孔數(shù)控鉆床Z550絞刀鉆、擴(kuò)22孔;粗鉸、精鉸22孔擴(kuò)中間孔1.680.22704精銑50端面YG6銑刀精銑中間孔端面1.6805鉆、鉸8錐孔組合機(jī)床麻花鉆 鉆2X錐銷孔0.06606鉆M6底孔鉆床Z525麻花鉆鉆2-錐銷孔、螺紋孔、0.25506銑斷銑床XA5032YG6銑刀銑斷0.32編制審核批準(zhǔn)會(huì)簽編制日期2009.5學(xué)生姓名盧曉志班級機(jī)教042指導(dǎo)教師杜家熙論文(設(shè)計(jì))題目CA6140車床831007撥叉零件數(shù)控加工工藝及工裝設(shè)計(jì)目前已完成任務(wù)1. 對數(shù)控加工工藝的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí),熟悉了數(shù)控工藝原理和規(guī)則以及數(shù)控加工系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)用,并且練習(xí)編制數(shù)控加工工序。2. 對所選撥叉零件進(jìn)行了工藝特點(diǎn)分析。是否符合任務(wù)書要求進(jìn)度: 是尚需完成的任務(wù)1. 根據(jù)撥叉零件工藝特點(diǎn)運(yùn)用數(shù)控工藝進(jìn)行加工工藝分析。2. 對比數(shù)控機(jī)加工與普通機(jī)加工兩種加工方法的異同。3. 整理和完善畢業(yè)論文。能否按期完成論文(設(shè)計(jì)): 能存在問題和解決辦法存在問題1. 制定數(shù)控加工工藝路線時(shí)遇到了一些問題。2. 合理選用機(jī)床及刀具參數(shù)時(shí)沒能恰當(dāng)選用。擬采取的辦法以自己為主,多查閱參考資料,多與指導(dǎo)老師溝通,解決遇到的問題,另外和同學(xué)多討論多交流,確保按時(shí)按質(zhì)完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。指導(dǎo)教師簽 字日期 年 月 日教學(xué)院長(系主任)意 見 簽字: 年 月 日河南科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))中期進(jìn)展情況檢查表畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))任務(wù)書題 目 CA6140車床831007撥叉零件數(shù)控加工工藝及工裝設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名盧曉志所學(xué)專業(yè)機(jī)電技術(shù)教育班級042班指導(dǎo)教師姓名 杜家熙所學(xué)專業(yè)機(jī)械制造職稱副教授完成期限 2008年12月22日 至 2009年5月31日一、 論文(設(shè)計(jì))主要內(nèi)容及主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)1.主要內(nèi)容1)數(shù)控加工工藝概述;2)數(shù)控加工工藝路線的步驟;3)撥叉零件數(shù)控工藝分析;4)撥叉零件數(shù)控工藝路線確定;5) 撥叉零件數(shù)控加工的工裝設(shè)計(jì)。2.技術(shù)指標(biāo)1) 數(shù)控工藝的技術(shù)指標(biāo);2)零件的數(shù)控工藝分析,確定毛坯制造方法及形狀。3)撥叉零件數(shù)控工藝規(guī)程、工藝路線設(shè)計(jì)。4)確定切削用量和其本工時(shí)。5)合理刀具參數(shù)和準(zhǔn)確對刀和檢驗(yàn)。二、畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))的基本要求1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)一份:有400字左右的中英文摘要,正文后有10篇左右的參考文獻(xiàn),正文中要引用5篇以上文獻(xiàn),并注明文獻(xiàn)出處。論文字?jǐn)?shù)在6000字以上;2.有不少于2000漢字的與本課題有關(guān)的外文翻譯資料;3.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)總字?jǐn)?shù)在10000字以上;三、畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))進(jìn)度安排1.2008年12月12日-12月16日,下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書;寒假期間完成外文資料翻譯和開題報(bào)告。2. 2098年2月25-3月9日(第1-2周),指導(dǎo)教師審核開題報(bào)告和設(shè)計(jì)方案。4. 2009年3月10日-5月4日(第3-10周),畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)單元部分設(shè)計(jì)。5. 2009年5月5-5月11日(第11周),畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中期檢查。6. 2009年5月12日-6月1日(第12-14周),撥叉零件數(shù)控加工工藝及工裝設(shè)計(jì),整理、撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告。8. 2009年6月2日-15日(第15-16周),上交畢業(yè)論文,指導(dǎo)、評閱教師審查評閱論文,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯資格審查。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯,學(xué)生修改整理設(shè)計(jì)論文。Production Automation1.1.1 Automation Concepts Automation may be defined as a system that is relatively safe-operating .Such a system includes complex mechanical and electronic devices and computer-based system that the place of observation,effort,and decision by a human operator. It is a system that exhibits properties of human being by following predetermined operations or responding to encoded instructions.1.1.2 Computer process control Process control involves the control of variables in a manufacturing process, where one or any combination of materials and equipment produces or modifies a product to make it more useful and hence more valuable. In process control controls continuous operations. Two kinds of control systems are the open loop and the closed loop.In an open-loop control system, the computer dose not itself automate the process .That is ,there is no self-correction.The process remains under the direct control of human operators,who read form various sources of information such as instruments, set calibrated dials for process regulation, and change the controlling medium.Closed-loop control systems use computers to automate the process. He computer is directly in charge of the process. It sdjusts all controls form the information provided by sensing devices in the system to keep the process to the desired specifications, a technique that uses a feedback mechanism . Feedback is the action of measuring the difference between the actual result and the desired result and using that difference to drive the actual result toward the desired result. The term feedback comes forms from a measured sample of the output of the process (production) function that becomes the input of the control function . That is ,the output of the control function ,meeting special designed requirements is the input to the control system . Thus ,the signal begins at the output of the controlled production function and end at the input to the production. Typical functions of process control systems are moonitoring ,data logging, quality control, maximizing profit for a given out put, supervisory control , and factory information systems (FIS). Benefits of computer process control system are increased productivity , improved product quality ,and enhanced efficiency , safety , comfort ,and convenience.1.1.3 Management Information Systems (MIS)Management information systems are designed to aid in the performance of management functions.These systems are generated by computer systems and are developed to provide executives with up-to-the-minute information about the operations of the enterprise.When required, information systems are used to aid management in the decision-making functions of the enterprise . Viewing CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) as an informations system for the enterprise for decision-making , CAPACS must be informations interconnected . As a result , there are many software packages associated with the CAPACS in Fig . 1 . 2 . Typical of there are CAPP , DCS , FIS and CAD . The concept of an MIS is a design objective , its goal being to get the correct information to the appropriate manager at the right time . As a result , MIS implementation varies considerably among manufacturing enterprises because of each organizations function , type of production , informations resources available , and organizational commitment to MIS .1.1.4 Engineering Computer are used extensively in most engineering functions . Engineering is a profession in which a knowledge of the natural sciences is applied with judgment to develop ways of using the materials and forces of nature . Typical engineering functions using CAPACS are design , process planning , analysis and optimization , synthesis , evaluation and documentation , simulation , modeling , and quality control planning . Using CAPACS in engineering increases the productivity of engineers and improves the quality of designs . For example ,the application of computers to an engineering design process is performed by a CAD system Engineers can design and thoroughly test concepts quickly and simply from one workstation . Computers permit engineers to take a concept from its original design through testing to numerical control (NC) output , or a combination of steps in between . They perform complex scientific and engineering computations rapidly with high accuracy , calculate physical properties before actual parts are made and provide a fast , easy method to create models of even the most complex parts . The computer has influenced the way products are designed , documented and released for production . As technology develops , engineering operations are becomeing more and more automated and are relieving the engineer of many tedious manual calculations . 1.1.5 Production Applications of computers to the production process encompass such functions as computer monitoring , supervisory computer control , direct digital control ( DDC) , material handing , product fabrication , assembly and test/inspection operations . New ideas and technology developments are gaining acceptance on the factory floor . More important , the integration of more computers into the production process increases automation on the factory floor . Computer automation helps to organize , access , and provide vital information in a common date base system for use by all manufacturing operations . Computer automation helps to control and to schedule machines and process , and to control raw materials and parts . A computer automated system concept is shown in FIG . 1 . 3 . Each function in manufacturing has its own area controller under the control of a host computer in order to share information with other operations . 生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化1.1.1自動(dòng)化概念自動(dòng)化可以被定義為一個(gè)操作比較安全的系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng),包括復(fù)雜的機(jī)電設(shè)備和由一個(gè)人為操作員觀察、嘗試并決定其方位的電腦系統(tǒng)。它是一個(gè)按照事先確定的操作或應(yīng)對編碼指示來展現(xiàn)人的性能的系統(tǒng)。1.1.2計(jì)算機(jī)過程控制過程控制涉及到生產(chǎn)過程中的控制變量,在此生產(chǎn)過程中,一種或任意一種材料和設(shè)備聯(lián)合生產(chǎn)或修改產(chǎn)品,使其更加有用,因此更有價(jià)值。過程控制控制不間斷運(yùn)行。控制系統(tǒng)有兩種,即開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)和閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。在一個(gè)開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)中,計(jì)算機(jī)本身不會(huì)使過程自動(dòng)化。也就是說,沒有自我更正.這個(gè)過程仍然直接受控于人為操作員,他閱讀各種信息來源,如工具,建立校準(zhǔn)盤的過程監(jiān)管,來改變控制的媒介。閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),使用計(jì)算機(jī)來實(shí)現(xiàn)過程自動(dòng)化。電腦直接負(fù)責(zé)其過程。它根據(jù)傳感裝置所提供的信息對所有控制適時(shí)調(diào)整,以保持這一過程所需的規(guī)格及使用一個(gè)反饋機(jī)制的技術(shù)。反饋是衡量實(shí)際結(jié)果與期望的結(jié)果之間差異的行為,利用這種差異,以推動(dòng)實(shí)際結(jié)果向所期望的結(jié)果的進(jìn)展。期限反饋根據(jù)過程(生產(chǎn))功能輸出的測量樣本而形成格式,進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)為控制功能的輸入。也就是說,控制功能的輸出,如果滿足了特殊設(shè)計(jì)的要求即可轉(zhuǎn)變成控制功能的輸入。因此,信號(hào)始于控制生產(chǎn)功能輸出之時(shí)并結(jié)束于生產(chǎn)功能輸入之時(shí)。 過程控制系統(tǒng)的典型功能是操作,記錄數(shù)據(jù),控制質(zhì)量,為某一輸出,監(jiān)控,和工廠信息系統(tǒng)(電)提供最大限度的好處 。計(jì)算機(jī)過程控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能夠提高生產(chǎn)率,改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和提高效率,且安全,舒適和方便。1.1.3 管理信息系統(tǒng)( MIS ) 管理信息系統(tǒng)用來為管理功能的實(shí)施提供幫助。這些系統(tǒng)由計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生,并被用來為管理人員提供有關(guān)企業(yè)運(yùn)作的最新信息。我們可用信息系統(tǒng)來幫助企業(yè)制定決策。例如,可把計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造(計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造)作為一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng),為企業(yè)決策, CAPACS必須是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的信息。其結(jié)果是,有許多與CAPACS的圖1.2 相關(guān)的軟件包。典型的有 CAPP系統(tǒng),集散控制系統(tǒng),模糊推理系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)。 管理信息系統(tǒng)的概念是一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),其目的是在合適的時(shí)間,得到正確的信息并給適當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)理。因此,制造企業(yè)之間各組織的功能,生產(chǎn)類型,信息資源及組織對 MIS的承諾,會(huì)造成系管理信息系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施不盡相同。1.1.4工程電腦被廣泛應(yīng)用在工程領(lǐng)域。工程學(xué)是一門職業(yè),在這門職業(yè)中,我們可通過所獲取的自然科學(xué)知識(shí)加判斷識(shí)別力來形成使用材料和自然力量的方法。使用CAPACS的典型工程功能是設(shè)計(jì),工藝規(guī)劃,分析和優(yōu)化,合成,評價(jià)和記錄,仿真,建模,和質(zhì)量控制規(guī)劃。工程使用CAPACS可以增加工程師的生產(chǎn)并提高設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量。 例如,工程的設(shè)計(jì)過程使用計(jì)算機(jī)是由CAD系統(tǒng)的工程師負(fù)責(zé)的,他們能夠迅速而簡單地設(shè)計(jì)出來自工作站的方案并對其進(jìn)行徹底檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)算機(jī)允許工程師通過測試數(shù)字控制(數(shù)控)輸出,或者兩者之間的步驟,采用原來的設(shè)計(jì)方案。他們能迅速而精度地進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的科學(xué)和工程計(jì)算,能在實(shí)際零部件被生產(chǎn)數(shù)之前計(jì)算出物理性能,并提供了一個(gè)快速,簡單的方法,用于建立模型,即使是最復(fù)雜的部分。計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)影響了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì),記錄和發(fā)布生產(chǎn)的方式。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展,工程業(yè)務(wù)也在廣泛采用自動(dòng)化,給工程師減少了許多繁瑣的人工計(jì)算。 1 .1.5 生產(chǎn)計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)過程有以下功能,包括監(jiān)測計(jì)算機(jī),監(jiān)督計(jì)算機(jī)控制,直接數(shù)字控制( DDC) ,材料處理,產(chǎn)品制造,組裝和測試/檢查行動(dòng)。工廠車間也正在接受新的觀念和技術(shù)的發(fā)展。更重要的是,伴隨著更多的計(jì)算機(jī)被用到生產(chǎn)過程,工廠車間自動(dòng)化程度加深了。 計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化協(xié)助組織,存取,并提供資料庫中的重要信息,供所有的制造業(yè)務(wù)。計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化控制,并幫助安排機(jī)器和過程,同時(shí)還可控制原材料和零部件。計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的概念圖.1.3.所示,在制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域,每種功能都會(huì)在主機(jī)電腦的控制之下行使自己的控制范圍,這樣方便了與其他操作共享信息。河南科技學(xué)院2009屆本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))外文資料學(xué)生姓名:盧曉志 所在院系:機(jī)電學(xué)院所學(xué)專業(yè):機(jī)電技術(shù)教育導(dǎo)師姓名:杜家熙完成時(shí)間:2009年2月27日Production Automation1.1.1 Automation Concepts Automation may be defined as a system that is relatively safe-operating .Such a system includes complex mechanical and electronic devices and computer-based system that the place of observation,effort,and decision by a human operator. It is a system that exhibits properties of human being by following predetermined operations or responding to encoded instructions.1.1.2 Computer process control Process control involves the control of variables in a manufacturing process, where one or any combination of materials and equipment produces or modifies a product to make it more useful and hence more valuable. In process control controls continuous operations. Two kinds of control systems are the open loop and the closed loop.In an open-loop control system, the computer dose not itself automate the process .That is ,there is no self-correction.The process remains under the direct control of human operators,who read form various sources of information such as instruments, set calibrated dials for process regulation, and change the controlling medium.Closed-loop control systems use computers to automate the process. He computer is directly in charge of the process. It sdjusts all controls form the information provided by sensing devices in the system to keep the process to the desired specifications, a technique that uses a feedback mechanism . Feedback is the action of measuring the difference between the actual result and the desired result and using that difference to drive the actual result toward the desired result. The term feedback comes forms from a measured sample of the output of the process (production) function that becomes the input of the control function . That is ,the output of the control function ,meeting special designed requirements is the input to the control system . Thus ,the signal begins at the output of the controlled production function and end at the input to the production. Typical functions of process control systems are moonitoring ,data logging, quality control, maximizing profit for a given out put, supervisory control , and factory information systems (FIS). Benefits of computer process control system are increased productivity , improved product quality ,and enhanced efficiency , safety , comfort ,and convenience.1.1.3 Management Information Systems (MIS)Management information systems are designed to aid in the performance of management functions.These systems are generated by computer systems and are developed to provide executives with up-to-the-minute information about the operations of the enterprise.When required, information systems are used to aid management in the decision-making functions of the enterprise . Viewing CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) as an informations system for the enterprise for decision-making , CAPACS must be informations interconnected . As a result , there are many software packages associated with the CAPACS in Fig . 1 . 2 . Typical of there are CAPP , DCS , FIS and CAD . The concept of an MIS is a design objective , its goal being to get the correct information to the appropriate manager at the right time . As a result , MIS implementation varies considerably among manufacturing enterprises because of each organizations function , type of production , informations resources available , and organizational commitment to MIS .1.1.4 Engineering Computer are used extensively in most engineering functions . Engineering is a profession in which a knowledge of the natural sciences is applied with judgment to develop ways of using the materials and forces of nature . Typical engineering functions using CAPACS are design , process planning , analysis and optimization , synthesis , evaluation and documentation , simulation , modeling , and quality control planning . Using CAPACS in engineering increases the productivity of engineers and improves the quality of designs . For example ,the application of computers to an engineering design process is performed by a CAD system Engineers can design and thoroughly test concepts quickly and simply from one workstation . Computers permit engineers to take a concept from its original design through testing to numerical control (NC) output , or a combination of steps in between . They perform complex scientific and engineering computations rapidly with high accuracy , calculate physical properties before actual parts are made and provide a fast , easy method to create models of even the most complex parts . The computer has influenced the way products are designed , documented and released for production . As technology develops , engineering operations are becomeing more and more automated and are relieving the engineer of many tedious manual calculations . 1.1.5 Production Applications of computers to the production process encompass such functions as computer monitoring , supervisory computer control , direct digital control ( DDC) , material handing , product fabrication , assembly and test/inspection operations . New ideas and technology developments are gaining acceptance on the factory floor . More important , the integration of more computers into the production process increases automation on the factory floor . Computer automation helps to organize , access , and provide vital information in a common date base system for use by all manufacturing operations . Computer automation helps to control and to schedule machines and process , and to control raw materials and parts . A computer automated system concept is shown in FIG . 1 . 3 . Each function in manufacturing has its own area controller under the control of a host computer in order to share information with other operations . 5
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