英文原文Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool timeRegarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. Inthe past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes.As a result of market demand's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex,very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working Basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training.Intuition type technical control The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth.As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control system's formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rest's automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization.Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model's engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply.The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine bed's some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person.In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system,namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definition's manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production method's machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw,will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.中文譯文多用途組合機床對于多功能組合機床，在工業(yè)領域有許多名字來描述它，如“多任務處理裝置” ， “多功能機床” ， “多工序生產系統(tǒng)”等，它確實可稱為加工領域的新星，可降低成本，簡化配置，和一直保持在美國本土生產。在過去，只有使用多機操作才能完成的任務，現在可以集中到一臺機床上加工完成。由于市場需求的不斷變化，產品生命周期不斷減少，今天的市場需求也更加強烈，多任務處理裝置的概念。實施精益管理在整個生產環(huán)境，并沒有集中的零件加工到機器上完成一個更好的利潤。一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認為，多功能組合機床是太復雜，要找到合適的運營商也難的問題，創(chuàng)新對金屬加工的基本原理的不足，在生產車間相關的新機床使用的解決方案方面的訓練地點非常困難。直覺型的技術控制設備使用“帶走熱量”式的設計，有不同的材料，床身，鋼制直線滾動導軌，在鋼制轉塔刀架，設備的使用，所有這些結合在一起，使發(fā)動機的床。這些與導熱系數，體積膨脹是相關的。所有不同大小的東西能以不同的速度增長。由于這個原因，要使發(fā)動機熱友好床，以了解發(fā)熱的薄弱點在哪里，可以補償通過合理的機床的設計。該部分是整個旅程的運動。機床滑動摩擦熱產生和變換。機械加工產生的熱屑落在不同的地方，制冷劑可以混合在整個過程。將不同溫度省不斷的切割工具，因此也會有很多事情要對熱穩(wěn)定性的影響。切削刀具技術將多功能組合機床有銑削動力”的多功能機” 。據資料介紹，最顯著的特點是在這些機床的整體直覺。防撞保護技術已經成熟，在某些情況下，即使使用人工操作模式，也能避免發(fā)生碰撞。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺，用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機床以其生存能力在全球多個不同處理的場景。離線編程的優(yōu)化和自動控制系統(tǒng)的形成已成為該技術更容易接受，所以當使用程序時，機床，不需要花很多時間調整程序，確認了部分沒有問題。如果組件需要提供高、低兩個轉塔刀架同時進行粗加工，在這種情況下，程序是相當困難的，因為它需要兩轉塔刀架也喂。該 ADMAC 系統(tǒng)可以實現刀架的自動編程，同時將這些，可以使正確的主軸速度，正確的進給速度等參數的同步實現。日本大隈公司的防撞系統(tǒng)的設計基于實際加工操作模式的防碰撞仿真，因此，如果運營商已經安裝了錯誤的切割工具或建立了錯誤的參數，控制系統(tǒng)將檢查和防止機床進入加工條件。通過與西門子公司合作，指數可能提供3D 模式現在“虛擬機床” ，定制根據一些具體模型的機床。結果表明，模擬過程不僅制造零件和實際的最終產品是相似的，是一份簡單的。直覺式控制接口，仿真以及其它軟件技術的進步，更多的生產車間有敞開的多功能組合機床的大門，但如果沒有訓練，和解決問題的創(chuàng)造力的相關知識，制造商也很難實現，充分利用先進的機床的靈活性方面的優(yōu)勢。本機所做的工作越多，機器將更加復雜，也需要有較強的技能的人也能操作。如果有一天工過去經營3機床，然后他有這種多功能機床現在，可能會產生更多的成分。更重要的是，他可以從軟件的幫助支持，使生產效率更高，對于變換處理組件的制備，也可建立加工工藝方案。因為更換部件需要降低3主軸，因此在更換組件，車間應過程盡可能多的成分。對于多功能機床組件，轉換速度快，時間間隔的生產批次是短的，股價較低，生產效率高?？梢允褂枚喙δ軝C床的一些車間充分，很快就會發(fā)現后功能的統(tǒng)一?，F在，一個車間只可使用一個運算符，調節(jié)器和一個編程的老師，在未來這3項工作一定會做的人。在傳統(tǒng)的崗位描述機械師將運輸成為一個調整的工程師，如果工程師熟悉的零件加工程序，這也更理想。對于這樣的轉變，訓練一直很簡單，只要列車1個人的線，而不是3個人。從長遠觀點看，這將給人們提供滿意的高度。當調整工程師負責處理程序，并且注意零件加工的個人時間的整個過程中，他完全成了這部分的控制。此外，還應該做更多的努力在刀具選擇和規(guī)劃方面，必須使任何模型的多功能組合機床成功，車間需要提供技術熟練的機械師，有能力完成各種操作靈活。因此，交叉訓練是過去任何時候更重要。作為銑床和車床工作不同的屬于自己的時間。有關人員將程序，將了解機床和控制它，這將是他們的能力表現。切削工具將大多數人都選擇不安裝轎車輪胎的賽車，但加工刀具有這樣的情況。刀具應與新機床的匹配，是可以想象的冗余在新機床使用舊的刀具生產效率的影響。為了配合多功能組合機床，新的切削刀具和切削工具適配器技術已經開發(fā)。目前工業(yè)領域發(fā)展發(fā)展的加工刀具，可完成打開相同的刀架，鏜、鉆削加工，是唯一的過程相位不同于對工件的角。加工操作的差異甚至混淆不清了。新加工的刀具可以完成銑削和車削。機械自動化技術從20世紀20年代在機械制造冷加工大批量生產過程中的開發(fā)應用，在60年代，以適應市場的需求和變化，為增強機械制造業(yè)對市場靈活快速反應的能力，開始建立可變自動化生產系統(tǒng)，即圍繞計算機技術的柔性自動化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下，機器設備或生產管理過程中通過自動檢測，信息處理，分析判斷實現預期的操作或某種過程的自動化，并能從一種組件將自動使另一種不同的組件。社會實踐證明，這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動化與當代大多數企業(yè)不適應。當代社會也不是在科學和技術，材料和人員方面的準備去實現這種自動化的條件，堅持這樣做只會事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對于單獨的生產方法的機械制造業(yè)，難度會更大。機械自動化技術從20世紀20年代在機械制造冷加工大批量生產過程中的開發(fā)應用，在60年代，以適應市場的需求和變化，為增強機械制造業(yè)對市場靈活快速反應的能力，開始建立可變自動化生產系統(tǒng)，即圍繞計算機技術的柔性自動化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下，機器設備或生產管理過程中通過自動檢測，信息處理，分析判斷實現預期的操作或某種過程的自動化，并能從一種組件將自動使另一種不同的組件。社會實踐證明，這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動化與當代大多數企業(yè)不適應。當代社會也不是在科學和技術，材料和人員方面的準備去實現這種自動化的條件，堅持這樣做只會事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對于單獨的生產方法的機械制造業(yè)，難度會更大。組合機床未來的發(fā)展更多地使用傳輸等調速電動機和滾珠絲杠，簡化結構，降低生產節(jié)拍；采用數字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱，夾具自動更換系統(tǒng)，提高了工藝的可控性；以及將柔性制造系統(tǒng)等。