2019-2020年高中英語語法復習 第三講 情態(tài)動詞講練.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語語法復習 第三講 情態(tài)動詞講練 語法精講 情態(tài)動詞是歷年高考英語命題中不可缺少的考察內容。它涉及談話所說的內容的態(tài)度和看法，或者表主觀設想及其他情態(tài)意義的助動詞。正確掌握其用法是解題的關鍵。其意義與用法如下： 一. 表推測 對現(xiàn)在的推測 對過去的推測 肯定 否定 肯定 否定 must do can’t do must have + V-ed can’t have + V-ed could do couldn’t do could have + V-ed couldn’t have +V-ed may do may not do may have + V-ed may not have +V-ed might do might not do might have V-ed might not have V-ed 表推測性用法的含義 may: a) 許可 b)祝愿 can a) 能力 b)許可 c)驚異，懷疑，不相信的態(tài)度 must a)必須 b) 必然 ought to a) 應該（義務和責任） should a)應該b)用于各種虛擬語氣 will a) 請求，建議 b)意愿，意欲 c) 總是，慣于 shall a)堅持（要） b)意圖 c) 允諾，命令，威脅 need a)需要 dare a)膽敢 二. 表可能性 理論可能性 can, could 現(xiàn)在可能性 肯定句 may, might, could 疑問句 can 否定句 may not (可能不), can’t (不可能) 將來可能性 many, might 1） 對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測：must be 2） 對現(xiàn)在動作的推測：must be doing 3） 對過去的推測：must have done 4） 對將來的推測：must do 5） 表責備或批評：should/ought to/needn’t …+ have done 例 1. Is John ing by train? He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 理解語義是作出正確判斷選擇的前提。從題干得知說話人此處為對未來可能發(fā)生的事作出推測 在談及將來情況時： A項must not表示不可以 (It’s forbidden) B項can not表示不可能 (It’s impossible) C項need not表示不必 (It’s not necessary…) D項may not表示可能不會 (It’s possible… not…) 表達了與此語境相符的推測語氣，所以本題最佳答案為D項。 例2. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 此題的意義是：我真為你擔心，你本不應該不說一句話就離開了家。表過出本不該做而實際已經(jīng)做了，要用should/ought to + have done結構。 mustn’t leave是一定不要離開家的意思。 needn’t leave是不必離開家的意思。無論是語意還是時態(tài)，這兩者不合題意。couldn’t have left是表推測，不可能離開家的意思。本題題干中要求選用表達說話人認為是一種“不應該”或“不可取”的行為，應該用B項shouldn’t have left。 例3. ---Are you ing to Jeff’s party? ---I’m not sure, I _____ go to concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 選項A和C表“我必須”，那么，上下不應有“I’m quite sure”。而應是“I’m not sure”。B項would表自己愿意，不符合題意。選項D含不確定因素，與 “I’m not sure”的意思相吻合。might在此陳述的不是過去時間，而是將來時間。 例4. A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 從題中得知，寄存處是行李可以短暫寄存的地方，尤其是在鐵路，車站。 A項should表應該 B項can表許可，可以 C項must表必須 D項will表意愿 與題中意境相符的一項應是B項can. 從以上例題可以看出，只有掌握情態(tài)動詞不同的形式和用法，才能在特定語境中正確使用情態(tài)動詞。 語法精練： 1. A puter _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3. Peter _____ e with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. ---Are you ing to Jeff’s party? ---I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 5. ---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course you _____. A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. ---I hear you’ve got a set of vegetable Australian coins. _____ I have a look? ---Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should 7. ---Write to me when you get home. ---I _____. A. must B. have to C. will D. should 8. ---Shall I tell John about it? ---No, you _____, I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 9. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 10. ---I promise her daughter _____ get a nice present on her birthday. ---Will it be a big surprise to her? A. should B. must C. would D. shall 11. Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t 12. ---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It _____ a fortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 13. Sorry, I am late. I _____ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 14. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived 15. I wonder how he _____ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 答案：1—5 AABDC 6—10 BCCBD 11—15 ADACD