2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)精練 閱讀理解（3）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)精練 閱讀理解（3） [xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ] It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly (精彩地) written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar. And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent. In the World Book Days “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as Im not one to lie too often (Id hate to be caught out), Ill admit here and now that I havent read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwells 1984. I think its really brilliant. The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I havent read him, but havent lied about it either) and Herman Melville. Asked why they lied, the most mon reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth! But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J．K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Fortytwo percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (Ill e clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)． 1．How did the author find his friend a book liar? A. By judging his manner of speaking. B. By looking into his background. C. By mentioning a famous name. D. By discussing the book itself. 2．Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report? A. Charles Dickens is very low on the topten list. B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984. C. The author admitted having read 9 books. D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read. 3．By lying about reading, a person hopes to ________. A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable C. learn about the book D. make more friends 4．What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers? A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly. [文章大意]　世界讀書日的一個(gè)調(diào)查報(bào)告表明：有些人撒謊說(shuō)他們讀過(guò)某本書，其實(shí)他們根本沒(méi)有讀。他們?nèi)鲋e主要是想給別人留下深刻的印象。 1．D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，作者與朋友進(jìn)一步交流對(duì)奧巴馬所寫的書的看法。根據(jù)朋友所說(shuō)的話，作者斷定他根本沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本書。 2．B?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句并結(jié)合上文“The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading”可知，42%的人撒謊說(shuō)讀過(guò)《1984》這本書。 3．B?？疾橥评砼袛?。根據(jù)文章第四段的第一句可知，撒謊說(shuō)讀過(guò)某本書的人是為了給別人留下深刻的印象，由此可推知B項(xiàng)正確。 4．C。考查態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知，作者對(duì)58%的人說(shuō)的話感到吃驚，即他對(duì)這些話的真實(shí)性表示懷疑。 B [xx吉林省長(zhǎng)春市高中畢業(yè)班調(diào)研考試] Mom and dad are two of the most important people in your life. And theyre likely to influence you more than anyone else. Its parents job to love and guide kids — and most parents will do this as long as they live, even when the “kids” are grownups and have children of their own. That means you have many years ahead to share with your mom and dad. So how to get along with parents? Spend time together. When at home, ask your mom and dad to play with you instead of playing a puter game or watching TV. Go outside together, try a board game, or read a book out loud. Share your feelings and ask for help. Many kids say theyd like their parents to help them when theyre upset. But your mom or dad might not know that youre having a problem.Tell a parent if youre sad or struggling with something. Be kind. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can brighten a parents day with a hug，a card, or a joke. Its also lovely when a kid offers to help fold the laundry or cleans up his or her room without being asked. ________.Some families are always kissing and huggiing，and saying “I love you”，while other families may not do like that. But its important to show that you care for each other. In addition to kisses and hugs, kids and parents show their love by respecting each other, and being polite and thoughtful. Do your best at whatever you do. You dont have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how youre turning into such a great kid. 5. The writer wrote this passage________. A. to ask parents to help their kids when they are upset B．to show the importance of building a good relationship between kids and parents C．to give kids advice on how to build a close relationship with parents D．to advise parents to pay attention to their words and deeds 6. If you want to make your parents proud, you should________. A. do whatever your parents ask you to do B. respect your parents by showing your love and care C. spend as much time as possible together with them D. try your best to do whatever you do 7．Which can be filled into the blank in Paragraph 5? A. Show your respect B. Show your concern C. Give a hand D. Share your experiences 8. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Your parents may influence you more than anyone else. B．Play with parents when at home rather than play puter games or watch TV. C．Kids are unwilling to share their feelings with parents. D．Little things such as a hug can make your parents happy. [文章大意] 　本文為說(shuō)明文。父母是我們一生中對(duì)我們影響最大的人，我們要和父母共度很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，那么如何和父母建立親近的關(guān)系呢？作者就如何與父母相處給出了一些建議。 5．C?？疾閷懽饕鈭D。根據(jù)第一段中的“So how to get along with parents？”可知，作者寫作的意圖是：給我們一些與父母相處的建議。 6．D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)正確。 7．B?？疾槎温浯笠?。本條建議的中心內(nèi)容是“its important to show that you care for each other”，也是本段的主旨。 8．C?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Many kids say theyd like their parents to help them when theyre upset”可知，答案為C。 C [xx河南省鄭州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)] Three people who received a kidney, heart and liver from a donor who had rabies(狂犬病) appear to be in good health, despite going months without treatment for the infection, according to a new report. In March, health officials reported that one man had died from a kidney transplant because the kidney came from a donor infected with rabies. None of the patients had signs of rabies infection, even though 18 months had passed since their transplants. Before these cases, researchers thought that rabies transmission after transplantation would be rapid, occurring within six weeks. People who receive transplants typically take drugs to suppress (抑制) their immune systems, making infections even more likely. The three patients received rabies treatment, and still show no signs of illness. Its possible that the type of rabies virus that infected these patients takes a longer time to make people sick, the researchers said. Patients may also have been exposed to a low dose of the virus. The report raises questions about how rabies viruses spread after transplantation，and where they live in the body when the infection is not active, said the researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because rabies infections are so rare, screening all organ donors for rabies infections is not practical, the researchers said. However, doctors should develop a plan to help them recognize infectious encephalitis — a brain infection that can be caused by rabies — in donors. Organs from donors with infectious encephalitis should only be used in extreme circumstances, the researchers said. The donor in this case frequently engaged in hunting and animal trapping, and had got many bites from a raccoon(浣熊) before his death. Although the donors family was asked whether the donor had been exposed to rabid(患狂犬病的)animals, they said he had not. More specific questions about risk for exposure to rabid animals — questions such as: whether a donor spent a lot of time interacting with wildlife－may be a more effective way to screen organ donors, the researchers said. 1．Before the cases in the passage it was generally believed that________. A. there was a great risk in receiving organ transplant B. rabies transmission spread fast after transplantation C. the organ recipient would have to take a lot of drugs D. the immune system was easily infected after transplantation 2．After the three patients were contacted________. A. they showed signs of being infected with rabies B. they felt incredibly scared and embarrassed C. they received some related physical examination D. they got treated for rabies from organ transplant 3．What does the fourth paragraph imply? A. It is quite easy to find rabies infections in donors. B. People with encephalitis are safe donors. C. Donors with encephalitis should be avoided in any case. D. Organ donors should be in a state of good health. [文章大意]　美國(guó)一名患狂犬病的男子死后將器官捐贈(zèng)給3個(gè)病人，至今他們?nèi)晕达@現(xiàn)任何被傳染的跡象。但近期卻有一個(gè)病人死于狂犬病人的器官捐贈(zèng)，對(duì)此研究人員進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。 1．B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第二句可知，在這種情況發(fā)生之前，研究人員認(rèn)為，器官移植后狂犬病病毒會(huì)加速傳播。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“The three patients received rabies treatment，and still show no signs of illness.”可知，相關(guān)人員找到這三位受捐者后，給他們做了身體檢查。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的最后一句可知，患有傳染性腦炎的病人的供體器官可用于極端情況中。故選C項(xiàng)。 D [xx遼寧高考] Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone cant make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲勞). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day. So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired? Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue es from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes. One of Englands most outstanding scientists, J. A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.” What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated－those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. 1．What surprised the scientists a few years ago? A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood. B. Albert Einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work. C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. D. A mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins. 2．According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired? A. Challenging mental work. B. Unpleasant emotions. C. Endless tasks. D. Physical labor. 3．Whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas? A. He agrees with them. B. He doubts them. C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them. 4．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________. A. have some good food B. enjoy their work C. exercise regularly D. discover fatigue toxins [文章大意]　與常人的認(rèn)識(shí)截然相反，有研究表明人的大腦不會(huì)疲勞，造成疲勞感的是人的情緒和情感，而不是大腦的反應(yīng)。 1．C。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long...”和后面的“To the amazement of these scientists...no fatigue at all”可知，許多年前，科學(xué)家們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)人的大腦是不知疲倦的。 2．B。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“..es from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes”和該段最后的“due to emotional problems”可知，導(dǎo)致sitting workers疲勞的是情感問(wèn)題。 3．A。考查作者態(tài)度。作者雖然沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)個(gè)人的態(tài)度，但是通過(guò)文章的措辭和語(yǔ)氣不難看出，作者是支持科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)的。文章第一句開篇就點(diǎn)明“an astonishing and significant fact”，另外，全文以第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式進(jìn)行陳述，并且穿插了有關(guān)科學(xué)家的例子和觀點(diǎn)，這些都能幫助我們把握作者的弦外之音。 4．B?？疾橥评砼袛?。既然疲勞是人的情感因素所致，那么對(duì)sitting workers來(lái)說(shuō)，保持良好的心情，培養(yǎng)對(duì)工作的熱愛(ài)之情當(dāng)然是保證他們精力充沛的靈丹妙藥了。