2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習 第二講 語態(tài)講練.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習 第二講 語態(tài)講練 語法精講 1. 當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語（vi. Vt.）的形式叫主動語態(tài)；當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語(vt.)用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）一般現(xiàn)在時：You are required to do this. 2）一般過去時：The story was told by her. 3）一般將來時：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 4）現(xiàn)在進行時：The road is being widened. 5）過去進行時：The new tool was being made. 6）過去完成時：He said that work had been finished. 7）現(xiàn)在完成時：The novel has been read. 2.一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：The problem must be solved soon. 2）帶非謂語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： The room is going to be painted. I hate being made fun of. 3）短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： ①（不及物）動詞+介詞： agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of. etc. ②（及物）動詞+副詞： bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, point out, put away, turn down, work out, etc. ③動詞+副詞/名詞+介詞： do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with , take care of, catch sight of, take notice of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take hold of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of，etc. The baby is looked after carefully. Close attention must be paid to it. They will be taken (good) care of. Good care will be taken of them. 4） 復(fù)合賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)： Tom was found ill/lying in bed/injured/ of great value/outside.（賓補變?yōu)橹餮a） 5） “get done”結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示①動作的結(jié)果②未曾料到的事態(tài)③“最后終于”出現(xiàn)的某 種事態(tài)： get burnt, get paid, get dressed, get married, get injured, get wounded, get robbed, get frightened, get excited, get interested, etc. 3．系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別： The glass is broken now. The book is well written. (狀態(tài)。無動作執(zhí)行時間或執(zhí)行者) The glass was broken by Tom just now.（動作。 有動作時間或執(zhí)行者） The homework remains untouched/undone. 4．主動形式表示被動意義： 1）某些動詞作謂語：sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut, etc. The books sell well. The machine runs well. Your poem reads well. This coat wears long. The cloth washes easily. The pen writes smoothly. 2）表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。 Good medicine tastes bitter. What you said proved to be correct. 3）動詞want, need, require 等當“需要”講時： The patient needs operating on/to be operated on without delay. 4）be worth doing=be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done The place is worth a second visit.= The place is worth visiting again. 5）不定式的主動形式表被動意義： ①句中不定式的邏輯主語是句中的主語或賓語時： I have a lot of work to do. I’ll give him something to read. ②“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系： His telephone number is easy to remember. The man is difficult to deal with. ③在“There + be +名詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動或被動皆可； 在“This/That + be + 名詞 +不定式”中，不定式用主動： There are many questions to discuss(to be discussed). This/That is a hard question to answer. That is a nice place to visit. ④不定式to let, to blame, to seek等，常用主動： Nobody was to blame for the accident. The car is to let. 5．漢語主動，英語被動形式： It is said that…(= People say that…)據(jù)說；It is hoped that…(=People hope that…)希望；It is supposed that…根據(jù)推測說；It must be admitted that…必須承認；it must be pointed out that…必須指出；It is well known that…眾所周知；It will be said that…有人會說；It will generally be considered that…大家認為；It is believed that…有人相信 6．主動句不能變?yōu)楸粍泳涞那闆r： 1） 謂語是及物動詞leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。 2） 謂語是不可拆開的短語動詞take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。 3） 賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞、從句等。 語法精練： 1．-- How are you today? --Oh, I _______ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt 2. – I’d like to go to the cinema with you, Dad? – Sorry, my darling, but the film _____ for adults only. A. intends B. is intended C. is being intended D. is intending 3. – You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? -- I’m sorry I _____anything abut it sooner. I certainly think it’s a pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 4. The ants were busy carrying earth in their mouths to get the entrance to their nest _____. A. being stopped up B. stopped up C. to be stopped D. stopping up 5. – Alice, why didn’t you e yesterday? – I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. has B. would C. was going to D. did 6. – -Are you going to the meeting? – -No. The meeting _____ until next Monday. A. will be put off B. is being put off C. has been put off D. has put off 7. The teacher told the children that water _____ at 100 degrees centigrade. A. boils B. boiled C. was boiling D. is boiling 8. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. have taken 9. He _____ to get me a taxi, but I _____ the bus down to Oxford Street. A. offered; has taken B. had offered; was taking C. has offered; took D. would offer; took 10. People often want to know what my job is. Often I _____ that question. A. ask B. am asking C. get asked D. get asking 11. The workers ____ the car busily when Mrs. Brown went to get a tool he _______there. A. were repairing; had left B. were repairing; left C. has repaired; had left D. had repaired; left 12. All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start. A. pleted B. plete C. had been pleted D. have been pleted 13. --- Shall I send this report to the manager? ---Yes, please. And I ______ fly to London next Tuesday. A. got to B. get to C. will get to D. have got to 14. Shirley ___ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. was writing C. had written D. wrote 15. Visitors _______ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 16. --- Why don’t you ride your bike? ---I _____ it every day this week. I’m tired of riding now. A. rode B. have ridden C. have been ridding D. do ride 17. It _____ more than 100 years before the whole area _____ to look as it did. A. will be; begins B. is; begins C. is; began D. was; begins 18. --- We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you? --- Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say. A. to choose B. to choose from C. chosen D. to be chosen 19. The box of coins was said _______ by a Chinese in the late 19th century. A. to be buried B. to have been buried C. being buried D. to bury 20. We _____ to see her, but found she was out. A. wanted B. had wanted C. would want D. was wanting 21. – Do you like the material? – Yes, it ______ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 22. I would rather go to work as usual than _____ in hospital. A. getting treated B. to get treated C. get treated D. treated 23. I wonder why Jenny ____us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written 24. She _______ that the problem ________. A. is told; was being settled B. was told; was settled C. told; was settled D. was told; had been settled 25.The report said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel 26. He _______ again and again, but he didn’t tell me the truth. A. had asked B. was asked C. had been asked D. asked 答案： 1---5 DBDBC 6---10 CABBC 11---15 ADDBD 16---20CABBB 21—26CCADC