2019-2020年九年級英語上冊《被動語態(tài)》教學案 牛津版.doc

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2019-2020年九年級英語上冊《被動語態(tài)》教學案 牛津版 課題 語法----被動語態(tài) 學情分析 基礎(chǔ)還可以，對英語的興趣不夠濃厚，應用不夠靈活 教學目標與 考點分析 通過對典型知識點的分析，培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息、分析問題、處理問題的能力 教學重點 難點 教學重點：知識點及句型結(jié)構(gòu) 教學難點：用法及區(qū)別 教學方法 從書本入手，以課文內(nèi)容為主，結(jié)合練習 教學過程 被動語態(tài)講解 一、被動語態(tài)概述 　　語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。如： 　　They didn’t offer Ann the job. （主動語態(tài)） 　　Ann wasn’t offered the job. （被動語態(tài)）安沒得到這份工作。 二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 　　被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。 1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常見的八種形式 各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比 時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時 am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They don’t use the room . Is French spoken by them ? The room isn’t used by them . 一般過去時 was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . 現(xiàn)在進行時 am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . 過去進行時 was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time . 現(xiàn)在完成時 have / has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 過去完成時 had + been + p.p. （1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般將來時 shall / will be + p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 過去將來時 would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . 情態(tài)動詞 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （2）You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you . 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例（以動詞do為例） 1．一般現(xiàn)在時（am/ is/ are +done） 　　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學生們每天都打掃教室。 2．一般過去時(was/ were +done) 　　My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天被偷了。 　　When was the book introduced to China? 這本書什么時候引入中國的？ 3．一般將來時與過去將來時(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) 　　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。 　　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。 4．現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時，機器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。 　　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。 5．現(xiàn)在完成時(have/ has been + done) 　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。 The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.　在沖突中 6．過去完成時(had been+done) 　　They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被暴風雨摧毀 　　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 　　他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。 被動語態(tài)常用的句式： ▲肯定句式：主語+be+V-ed (+by……). I was invited to the concert yesterday (by Green family). ▲否定句式：主語+be+not+V-ed (+by……). The vase wasnt broken by Jane. ▲一般疑問句式： Be+主語+V-ed (+by……)? Are the rooms being cleaned?房間正在被打掃嗎？ 回答： Yes, they are./No, they arent. ▲特殊疑問句式 ①特殊疑問詞（不作主語）+be+主語+V-ed (+by……)? ②特殊疑問詞（作主語）+be+V-ed (+by……)? What is paper made from ? 紙是由什么做成的？ What is the book made of? 這本書是由什么做成的？ 知識點津：make of 和make from 一般用語被動語態(tài)，表示由……材料構(gòu)成；前者表示看的出原材料（即物理變化），后者表示看不出原材料（即化學變化） Who was asked to answer the question? 誰被要求回答這個問題？ 3. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) ▲肯定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+V-ed (+by……). This problem can be solved in an hour by him. ▲否定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be原形+V-ed (+by……). Children shouldnt be allowed to play puter games. ▲一般疑問句式： 情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+V-ed (+by……)? Should children be allowed to play puter games? Yes, they should./No, they shouldnt. ▲特殊疑問句式 ①特殊疑問詞（不作主語）+情態(tài)動詞+主語+be原形+V-ed (+by……)? ②特殊疑問詞（作主語）+情態(tài)動詞+be原形+V-ed (+by……)? When can my bike be repaired?我的自行車什么時候能修好？ Who might be sent abroad for further education?誰有可能被送去國外進修？ 三、 如何正確使用被動語態(tài) 1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主動語態(tài)） （被動語態(tài)） ▲常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。 2. 在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復合賓語由動詞不定式來充當，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主動語態(tài)） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動語態(tài)） ▲ 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。 3. 有些“be +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當表語）?！? 比較：（1） （2） 4. 只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。 eg. 　　　 四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 　　轉(zhuǎn)換圖示： 　　　　　　主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 主動句:主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + 賓語(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的執(zhí)行者) (各種時態(tài)形式) (動作的承受者) 被動句:主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的承受者) (be +過去分詞) (動作的執(zhí)行者) We Visited that factory last summer 主動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語 That factory was visited by us last summer 被動語態(tài) 主語 謂語 賓語 狀語　　　 1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟： 　?。?）將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需變?yōu)橹鞲瘛? 　?。?）將動詞改為“be+過去分詞”，be與新主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，時態(tài)不變。 　?。?）將主動語態(tài)的主語前加by放在謂語動詞后，如果原主語是代詞，要變?yōu)橘e格。 　　　 They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 　　　 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項： 　?。?）主動句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人們”、“大家”等， 變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，通常刪去“by…”，除非強調(diào)原主語。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 　　　　 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成這項工作。→ 　　　　 The job can be finished only by him.這項工作只能由他來完成。 　?。?）含有賓語從句的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌ǔＳ胕t作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，把賓語從句后置。 　　　　 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 　　　　 It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 五、高頻考點： 1. 動詞的主動形式表示被動之意 　　1）某些連系動詞，如：look, feel, smell，sound, prove等。 　　　 The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。 　　　Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 瑪麗亞被證明很耐心、很熱心 　　2）表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的某些動詞，雖然可以是及物動詞，但這時用作不及物動詞， 　　　 如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, 　　　 　　translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。 　　　 The sentences translate hard. 這些句子很難譯。 　　　 The door won’t shut. 這個門關(guān)不上。 　　3）某些動詞用在句型“主+謂+主補”時，如wear，blow，prove等。 　　　 The door blew open. 門被吹開了。 2. 不用于被動語態(tài)的動詞　 有些動詞用于被動語態(tài)，如happen，cost，take，have (有)，own，possess, want?！n accident happened yesterday. 昨天發(fā)生了一起事故?！? One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要擁有勇氣、決心和智慧。 3. “動詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 　　注意下面短語： 　　devote oneself to (獻身于) seat oneself (就坐) dress oneself (穿衣), 　　amuse oneself (自娛自樂) lose oneself (迷路) prepare oneself for (做好心理準備),　concern oneself about (擔心) 　　這些短語經(jīng)常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動意義。 　　They were seated in the front of the hall. 他們在大廳前部就坐。 　　He was concerned about his work. 他擔心他的工作。 All my students are well prepared for the test. 我的學生都為考試做好了準備。 His mother is dressed in white at the party. 他的媽媽在宴會上穿著白色衣服。 4. be done與get done 　　1）現(xiàn)代英語特別是口語中常用“get + 過去分詞”表示被動語態(tài)。 　　2）“get + 過去分詞”只表示動作，而“be+過去分詞”既可表動作，也可表狀態(tài) 　　　 They have been married for ages. 他們結(jié)婚多年了。（不能用get married） They got married last month. 他們上個月結(jié)婚了。 　　3）經(jīng)過安排、考慮的動作用“be+過去分詞”；出乎意料時用“get+過去分詞” 　　　 How did the painting get damaged? 這幅畫什么時候被損壞的？ 　　4）“be+過去分詞”是單純的被動意義，而“get+過去分詞”可以暗示主語對動作的發(fā)生有一定的責任，含有某種主動意味。 　　　 His team got beaten again though they had tried their best. 　　　 雖然他們盡了全力，他的隊還是輸了。 5. 幾個被動語態(tài)常用習慣用法： 　We’re determined to set up an eco-laboratory. 我們決定建立一個生態(tài)實驗室 　　My time was occupied with children. 我的時間都用在了孩子們身上。 　　I’m very interested in fine arts. 我對美術(shù)非常感興趣。 　　Where was your grandfather born? 你祖父的出生地是哪里？ I was graduated from that university ten years ago. 我十年前從那所大學畢業(yè)。 　　My hometown is situated in the south of China. 我的家鄉(xiāng)在中國南部。 6．It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句的變化： 常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)： It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認為）...... It is(was)well known that......眾所周知 It is(was)taken for granted that......被視為當然 It must be remembered that......務(wù)必記住...... It mustn’t be forgotten that......千萬別忘記...... It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......據(jù)說(報道、聽說、告知、建議......) 　　“It is said/ reported/believed, etc. + 從句”表示據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)信......，此句型可以變成從句主語作主語的句型：sb. ＋be said/ reported/believed, etc. +不定式。如果原來從句的謂語動作已經(jīng)完成，不定式用完成式；如果從句的謂語動作是經(jīng)常性動作或還沒有完成，用不定式的一般式。 　　It is said that James is an expert on DNA. = James is said to be an expert on DNA.　人們說詹姆斯是個DNA專家。 　　It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. = 　　The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 　　據(jù)說這個男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。 鞏固練習Ⅰ. 單項選擇 　　1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _________. (xx 北京) 　　A. are dropped　　B. drop 　C. are being dropped　　　D. have dropped 　　2. Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.（2011 北京） 　　A. have conducted 　　　 　　　B. have been conducted 　　C. had conducted 　　　 　　　 D. had been conducted 　　3. He_____________some pieces of advice, but he__________to them. 　　A. gave, didn’t listen　　　 B. was given, wasn’t listened 　　C. give, wasn’t listened　　 D. was given, didn’t listen 　4. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year. (xx 湖南) 　　A．was named 　　　B．named　　　 C．is named　　　 D．names 　　7. Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________. 　　A. have taken, have been opened　　　B. take, are open 　　C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened 　　8. We can’t use the bridge now, because it______________. 　A. has been repaired　 B. is repairing　 C. is repaired D. is being repaired 　　9. I______________the way to the railway station by a policeman. 　　A. was shown　　 B. showed　　 C. have shown　 D. was showing 　　10. The war the old soldier remembers very well ______________in 1941. 　　A. broke out　　　　　B. had been broken out 　　C. was broken out　　 D. had broken out 　　11. When water______________, it will be changed into vapour. 　　A. is heated　　　B. heating　　 C. has heated　　 D. heats 　　13. They______________day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families. 　　A. are made work　　　　 B. are made to work 　　C. made to be worked　 　D. are making to work 　　16. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday. 　A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 　　18. — It is said that another new car factory _____ now. 　　　　— Yeah. It _____ one and a half years. 　　A. is building； is taken 　　　　B. is being built； will take 　　C. is built； will take 　　　　　D. is being built； takes 　 Ⅱ把下列句子改為被動語態(tài) 　　1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 　　2. He told me that he would e back soon. 　　3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 　　4. Do you water your flowers every day? 　　5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 　　6. I think that he is right. 　　7. He had not thrown the bad food. 　　8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 　　9. They would not take him to Beijing. 　　10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. 24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the mon cold. A) have taken　B) have been taken　　C) have been taking　　D) have been taking 25) I dont remember ____the chance to try this method. A) having been given　B) to have been given　C) having given　　D) to have given 26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____. 　A) know　　B) be known　　C) being known　　D) to be known 29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter. A) is belonged to　　B) belonged　　C) belongs　　D) is belonging 31) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet. A) has not explained　B) has not been explained　 C) did not explained　D) were not explained 35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house. A) building　　B) build　　C) built　　D) to build 36) As we know, all the regulations in school ____. A) must keep to　　B) must be kept　　C) must keep　　D) must be kept up 37) The position ____any more. A) need not to be corrected　　B) doesnt need to be corrected　　 C) doesnt need be corrected 　D) need not correct 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B 教學反思 學生歸納總結(jié)： 這堂課你掌握了什么？答： 。 三、本次課后作業(yè)： 完成相關(guān)作業(yè)，做好預習復習任務(wù)。 四、學生對于本次課的評價： ○ 特別滿意 ○ 滿意 ○ 一般 ○ 差 學生簽字： 五、教師評定： 1、 學生上次作業(yè)評價： ○ 非常好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要優(yōu)化 2、 學生本次上課情況評價：○非常 好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要優(yōu)化 教師簽字：