2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題01 冠詞和名詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題01 冠詞和名詞 【高考預測】 1.名詞詞組以及普通名詞在具體語境中的運用 2.名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù) 3.名詞作定語和在一些固定短語中的用法 4.冠詞常見的習慣搭配用法和部分物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法 5.名詞作直接定語與名詞所有格作定語的區(qū)別 6.名詞作定語和其同根的形容詞作定語的區(qū)別 7.冠詞在固定短語中的有無問題 【易錯點點睛】 易錯點點睛1 名詞詞組以及普通名詞在具體語境中的運用 1.(xx精選模擬) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country. A. panies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 【錯誤解答】 A或D 【正確解答】 B 3.(xx精選模擬) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles. A. length B. distance C. way D. space 【錯誤解答】 A或D 【錯解分析】 名詞按意義可劃分為普通名詞和專有名詞。這道題主要是要辨清四個名詞的具體含義。length長度；distance距離；way道路，方法；space空間，太空。結構“a distance of + 數(shù)字”來表示“有……的距離”。 【正確解答】 B 4.(xx精選模擬)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality. A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict 【錯誤解答】 B 天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根據(jù)句意應該是指和別人共同工作時的性格，因此填Characler. 【正確解答】 D 【特別提醒】 1.英語中專有名詞是指個人、國家、地方、機構、組織等所有的名稱，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名詞(一般可為數(shù))，表示一類的人或物的個體，如:car ，book，student等;集體名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示一群人或一類物的集合體，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示品質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物質(zhì)名詞(一般為不可數(shù))，表示無法分為個體的實物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。 2.名詞詞組一般由一個中心名詞來構成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可臺是“限定詞+前置修飾詞中心詞+后置修飾語”來構成，如：a four miles’trip 或a four-mile trip，a son –in-law 等。 【變式探究】 1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _ A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate 答案: A 解析:Gate 21指21號門，也可說the 21st Gate. 2 —Hi, this way, please. —OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition 答案: B 解析:強調(diào)不是天然生長的，而是“人工的、人 造的。” 易錯點點睛2 名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù) 1.(xx精選模擬)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of 【錯誤解答】 A 3. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 【錯誤解答】 B或D 【錯解分析】根據(jù)語境要取代的是前文的不可數(shù)名詞 work當“工作”講時，是不可數(shù)名詞；但當“著作”講時，是可數(shù)名詞，在此句中要用復數(shù)形式。 【正確解答】 A 【特別提醒】 【變式探究】 易錯點點睛3 名作定語和在一些固定短語中的用法 1.(xx精選模擬)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage __ the other candidates for the job. A. for B. with C. than D. over 【錯誤解答】 C 【錯解分析】 此題看上去是介詞或連詞的選擇，實際是對名詞advantage用法的考查。如果單純從漢語思維角度來理解，很可能認為“比別人怎么樣”用than，實際上短語have an advantage over 是“比…具有優(yōu)勢”的意思，是固定搭配。 【正確解答】 D 2.(xx精選模擬)He got to the station early, missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of 【錯誤解答】 A have more students. A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment 【錯誤解答】 C 【錯解分析】 本題考查短語的意義和用法。For the moment目前，暫時;in a moment馬上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一會兒。根據(jù)題意，應該填for the moment. 【正確解答】 A 【特別提醒】 1.作直接定語的中詞一般是表示 時間、地點、材料和類別的名詞。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.當名詞作直接定語時應該注意以下幾個問題。 (1)名詞作直接定語時一般 用單數(shù)，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它們的復數(shù)形式分別是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定語時，要與所修飾的名詞匯的數(shù)保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,這綿復數(shù)形式是men teachers. (2)某些常有用復數(shù)形工的名詞作直接定語旱也用復數(shù)。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等 (3)名詞固定短語常有出現(xiàn)在英語考試試題如單選、完形填空、單詞拼寫和短文改錯中。尤其是一些動賓關系的固定搭配。在復習中要注意積累。 例如: You can take as many as you like because they are free of . A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay 此題的答案選 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免費”。 【變式探究】 1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out __ oxygen to ns. A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition 易錯點點睛4 冠詞常見的習慣搭配用法和部分物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法 1 .After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson __ ride to _ _ Capital Airport. A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the 【錯誤解答】D 【錯解分析】 本題是考查冠詞的基本用法。名詞ride這里是表示“搭乘”的含義，是可數(shù)名詞；后者是由普通名詞，通常有定冠詞。 【正確解答】 B 2.(xx精選模擬): It is __ world of wonders,world where anything can happen. A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; / 【錯誤解答】 A 【錯解分析】 一般來說，第二次出現(xiàn)的名詞前用定冠詞，所以會錯選A但這里world都是泛指，根據(jù)語境“這是一個充滿奇跡的世界，一個任何事情都可能發(fā)生的世界?！睉撚貌欢ü谠~。 【正確解答】 B 3.(xx精選模擬)The most important thing about cotton in history is __ part that it played in Industrial Revolution. A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the 【錯誤解答】 A 【錯解分析】 本題考查冠詞的用法。Leave the ciry 離開了他所住的那座城市，是特指。星期前還常不用冠詞，但本題中a mondqy 表示統(tǒng)指，表示某個星期一。 【正確解答】 D 【特別提醒】 1.不定冠詞一般有any或one 的意思，但不強調(diào)數(shù)目概念，只用來指事物，說明其名稱或種類。 (1) 泛指人、事、物的類別。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飛機) (2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教師) (3)表示one,every 或per的意義。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相當于per) (4)在某些固定短語中。例如: A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrel B. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance. 2.定冠詞的習慣用法 (1)用在姓氏復數(shù)形式前表示一家人。例如: The Greens are at table.(格林一家人) (2)用在年代、朝代、時代名詞前。例如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the xxs (3)用在作為課程或演奏等的樂器名稱前。例如: 注意: play the piano 和 have a piano (4)用在表示計量單位的名詞前。例如: by the hour(按小時) ;by the dozen (論打); by the yard (按碼) (5)用在方向名詞和某些表示時間的名詞前。 例如: on the left/fight, in the east/west, in the evening, on the other hand, in the end, in the daytime 3.使用冠詞的注意事項。 (1)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、稱呼語、頭銜、職務、季節(jié)、月份、 B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language. (4)注意有些短語沒有冠詞時在意義上的區(qū)別。 sit at table 吃飯， sit at the table 坐在桌旁， be in charge of 負責……， be in charge of 在……掌管之下 take place 發(fā)生， take the plac 代替 in possession of 擁有， in the possession of 為……所有 in the sight of 看得見， in the sight of 據(jù)……的見解 in place of 代替， in place of 在……的地方 be of age成年， be of an age take advice 同齡 take the advice 征求意見； take the advice 聽從勸告 out of question 不成問題， out of the question 根本不可能 make beds 制作床， make the bed 整理床鋪 in the eyes of sb.在某人韻心目中，在某人看來 【變式探究】 1 He has __ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty. A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a 答案: A 解析:前者a most beautiful相當于very；后者a second表示“又一次”。 4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermers’wealth, and freedom to do. A. \; \ B. the; the C. the; \ D. \; the 答案: D 【解析】 表示類別時用名詞直接作定語還是用名詞所有格作定語，要遵循英語習慣，這要靠平時的積累。例如:a peasant family(peasant習慣用名詞直接作定語)農(nóng)民家庭；a worker’s family(worker 習慣用名詞所有格作定語)工人家庭。有些是可以并存的，但含義不同，例如:the woman teacher這位女教師 the woman’s teacher這位婦女的老師。the boyfnend男朋友；the boy’s friend這個男孩的朋友。 【答案】 B 難點2 名詞作定語和其同根的形容詞作定語的區(qū)別 2. When we are in France, China is an __ country. A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern 【解析】 east東方，東部；eastern country指東方國家。名詞作定語強調(diào)被修飾成分的內(nèi)容或功能，但其同根的形容詞作定語主要用來說明所修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。例如:a Wood shed木料棚(用來放木料的棚子)。Gold ring 金戒指(表示戒的內(nèi)容)；golden sun 金色的太陽(表示太陽的特征)。 【答案】 D 難點3 冠詞在固定短語中的有無問題 3. I didn’t expect that Tom would __ my failure to a chieve his own goal. A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of 【解析】 英語中有些短語中沒有冠詞，如選項A(利用)；有些須有定冠詞，如選項B(最大程度的利用)，而短語takeadvantage。f(為了自己的利益而對某人或某事加以利用)是沒有冠詞的，需要在學習中注意積累。 【答案】 C 【變式探究】 1 This set of golf clubs was sent by ___ . A. a friend of my father B. my father’s friend C. my father friend’s D. a friend of my father’s 答案: D 【典型習題導練】 I.單項選擇 1 Man’s first walk on the moon was a staring technological . A. success B. achievement C. succession D. acplishment 答案: B 解析:success(指通過努力取得令人滿意的)成就； achievement(不顧困難，連續(xù)努力所取得的)成就。 2 Everyone’s application for the job must be sent in one week . A. beforehand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible 答案: C 解析:in advance預先，含超前的意思；ahead of time 提前；beforehand預先，強調(diào)事前；選項D表示“盡早”的意思。 3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense. A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money 答案: B 解析:allowance津貼。 4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful. A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option 8 Who is the authority __ to the subject? A. in B. of C. over D. on 答案: D 解析:固定搭配。 9 I’m in my __ that he is a good manager. A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief 答案: D 解析:in one’s belief相信某物某人。 10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes. A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. on the pretext of 答案: A 解析:意思是“為了……”。選項B，故意地；選項 C，作為……的報答；選項D，，以……為借口。 11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from __ new type of_ _ weather satellite. A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a 答案: C 15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature. A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; / 答案: D 解析:前者表示某種，泛指；nature大自然，不可數(shù)名詞。 16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train. A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences 答案: D 解析:這里experience是指“經(jīng)歷”，可數(shù)名詞。 17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a week’s hard work. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the 答案: A 解析:前者抽象名詞具體化，后者go to the cinema 是習慣說法。 18 Thank you for sending us __ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us __ great service. A./; a B. the; a C./; / D. the;/ 答案: A 8.A 解析:復數(shù)名詞vegetables泛指，不用冠詞；do sb.a service是固定搭配，意為“對……有幫助/好處”。 19 We stood at the top of the mountain __ east of the city, watching __ burning sun rising. A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the 答案: A 23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further . A. news B. information C. notice D. message 答案: C 24 —$ 500 ,but that is my last offer. —OK, it is a__ . A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal 答案: D 解析:It’s a deal:I agree to your terms. 25 —These boxes are too heavy for me to move. —Here, I’ll give you a hand them. A. for B. to C. with D. by 答案: C 解析:短語give a hand to sb.／ give sb.a hand表示“給某人幫助”的意思。 26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club. A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise 答案: C 29 The building of that school was pleted in August of 典型例題t in September, A. /; the B. the; the C./; / D. the; / 答案: D 30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube. A. the; / B. the; a C.a; a D./; a 答案: B 解析:后者是“又一支試管”的意思。 31 —Excuse me, are you going to buy_ book? —Well, I need it for __ class but it is too expensive. A. the; a B.a; the C.a: / D./; the 答案: A 解析:前者是特指雙方都知道的書。 32 __ way to understands of new words is to gain __ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. The; the B. One; a C. A; the D. The; / 答案: B 解析:后者抽象名詞knowledge具體化。 33 —What did you think of __ president? —I didn’t care for him at first, but after __time I got to like him. A. the; a B. /; the C. the; the D. /; a 答案: A 解析:前者是說話雙方都知道的人，特指；后者after a time:after a while. 34 In recent year, change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth. A./; a B.a; / C. the; a D.a; a 35 答案: A 37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China, country that can sprise and enrich our planet. A.a; a B.a; the C. the; a D. the; the 答案: A 38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble. A./; the B.a; / C. the; / D. the; the 答案: C 解析:police前常用定冠詞，in time of trouble是固定用法。 39 She is the only one among the __ writers vstories for children. A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write 答案: A 解析:woman作定語時形式隨所修飾名詞的數(shù)變化而變化；后者主語是the only one，所以用單數(shù)。 40 About 25 percent of European can Speak __ foreign language besides their native languages. A. the; a B. an; the C. the; the D./; / 答案: A A. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions 答案: A 解析:benefit“優(yōu)良條件”，作可數(shù)名詞講。 44 She is __ success, __ woman as she A.a; a B./; a C. a; / D. the; the 答案: C 解析:success用在可數(shù)名詞，成功者，達到目的的人或事物；后者是as讓步狀語從句的倒裝，冠詞省略。 45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to. A. expense B. cost C. mercy D. sigh 答案: C 解析:at the mercy of任憑……擺布，受……支配；at the expense of有……負擔，以……為犧牲；at the cost of以……為代價；at the sight of一看到……就。 46 I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately, but if yot like to take a seat, I’ 11 be with you momerit. A. for a B. in a C. for the D. at the 答案: B 解析:in a moment立即，馬上；for a moment一會兒；for the moment暫時；at the moment此時，此刻。 47 Jane wrote to a pen friend in Japan __ _ for several years. A. off and on B. to and from C. up and down D. sooner or later 答案: A 解析:off and on／on and off斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地，不時地； to and from來回地。 48 If you ask me, she has too high of herself. A. opinion B. idea C. an opinion D. a regard 答案: C Ⅱ.完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從51—70各題所給的四個選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。 She died at the age of 15 in one of history’s greatest　tragedies. 51 her spirit lives on to this day through the diary in which she recorded her 52 . 53 touched bydespair and terror, the message of 54 in her words has inspired many. Anne Frank, the most famous 55 child of World War ]I , is indeed a symbol of the Holocaust (大屠殺). Her secret writings, later published 56 "The Diary of Anne Frank”, 57 of two years in the life of a young Jewish girl hiding in Nazi - controlled Amsterdam. To mark the 75th anniversary of her 58 , on June 12 this year, annefiank, org is to 59 some rare photographs and a short film of the girl taken when she was 12. Born in 1929, Anne Frank was a German - Jewish teenager who that everything will change for the 69 , that this cruelty shall end and that peace will 77 once more.” —July 15, 1944 51. A. Though B. But C. Instead D. While 答案: B 解析:安妮雖死，但精神活到了今天，表轉(zhuǎn)折。 52. A. birth B. death C. experiences D. happiness 答案: C 解析:日記記錄的應是過去的經(jīng)歷。 53. A. But B. Though C. While D. However 答案: B 54. A. success B. victory C. hope D. pleasure 答案: C 解析:日記中含有希望的信息依然鼓舞了許多人。 55. A. hidden B. lost C. beaten D. caught 答案: A 解析:全文多次提到安妮被捕之前被藏了起來。 56. A. for B. by C. as D. for 答案: C 解析:根據(jù)語境邏輯需要，意為表示“作為……”。 57. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk 答案: B 解析:語境邏輯暗示該空表講述，應填tell。 58. A. death B. birth C. leaving D. disappearing 答案: B 59. A. announce B. report C. declare D. publish 答案: D 解析:表示出版、發(fā)行，填publish。 60. A. lucky B. asked C. forced D. invited 答案: C 6l. A. miss B. fight C. avoid D. protect 答案: C 解析:安妮的日記己成了世界上最為廣泛閱讀的書籍之一。 66. A. famous B. difficult C. important D. necessary 答案: B 解析:下面摘錄的是安妮日記中最有名的一部分。 67. A. unable B. impossible C. sorry D. sad 答案: B 解析:把生命建立在混亂、病苦和死亡的基礎上是不可能的。 68. A. happiness B. suffering C. enjoying D. pleasure 答案: B 解析:上文的chaos，suffering等貶義詞暗示該空所填詞也應含貶義色彩。 69. A. worse B. harder C. better D. happier 答案: C 70. A. remain B. disappear C. go back D. return 答案:D 解析:我感到一切都會向好處發(fā)展，殘酷的現(xiàn)實即將結束，和平一定會重來。由this One day, I was traveling by train. Before I got on it, I 71. 答案: Before改為After put tea into my glass and waited the attendant to pour water. 72. 答案: wait后加for Then from the loudspeaker es the announcer’s voice,"Dear 73. 答案: es改為came passenger, may I have your attention, please? We are sorry to 74. 答案: passenger改為passengers tell you hot water is hardly not supplied in our train." I was 75. 答案: 去掉hardly surprised at this. After a while, the attendant came with the 76. 答案: the改為a cart, shouted, "Soda water, eight yuan a bottle !" I was so 77. 答案: shouted改為shouting thirsty that I had to buy, but I felt very unfortable. At any 78. 答案: buy后加one或it rate, the train should supply hot water, or the attendant 79. 答案: or改為and shouldn’t make money from the passengers. 80. 答案: 正確