英語四六級翻譯練習與語法分析VastDesert.ppt

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聽寫,runtheriskofdoingsth./riskdoingsth.objectto/disapproveofaccusesb.ofsth./chargesb.withsth./suesb.forsth.convictsb.ofsth.regretdoingsth./regrettodosth.amatterof…;ratherthan…givesb.anadvantageoversb.else(taketheadvantageof利用),speakhighlyof…mightaswell(do…)incombinationwith/togetherwithaccountfor…:explain…/giveareasonfor..;occupy/amountto占有…paythepricefor…shedlighton…atone’sdisposalnotuntil(upto…);besuperiorto;keeppacewith,Assignment:CheckYourself,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,Iwastryingto_____________________________________________________.(為遲到這么長時間編一個理由)2.__________________________________,(杰克一定還沒有找回他自行車)forhecamebybusthismorning.(否定推測)(canhavenotfound…)3.Theirfirstattempttocreatethegeneticmapoftheworld_______________________________(完全失敗了).4.Everyoneinterviewed______________________________________(都受到了不公正的對待).5.Whensavinghiswife,______________________________(他冒著自己喪生的危險).,makeupanexcuseforbeing(so)late/,forsuchalongtime,Mikecan’thavefoundhisbicycle,wasnothinglessthanafailure,hadbeensubjecttounfair,treatment,herantheriskoflosinghis,ownlife,情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和單復數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式。Youcankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.這些書你可以借兩個星期。MayIsmokehere?我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？Wemustgonow.我們現(xiàn)在得走了。,①常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也當作情態(tài)動詞使用。情態(tài)動詞后面必須加動詞的原形。②can表示體力、腦力方面的能力或客觀的可能性?？谡Z中,在詢問或說明一件事可不可以做時,常用“can”。過去式是“could”,否定式是“cannot”,通?？s寫成“can’t”,如：CanIhelpyou?(要幫忙嗎？)/Hecanswim.(他會游泳)/Thatcan’tbeMrLi.(那不可能是李先生),must表示“必須”、“一定”。表示“必須”時否定形式是mustn’t；表示“一定”時,否定形式是“can’t”如：Wemustbeverycarefulwhenwecrosstheroad./ItmustbeJack./Ihaven’tseenKatetoday.Shecan’tbehere.[注意]用must(必須)進行提問時,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t；用must(一定)進行提問時,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can’t.如：Mustwecleantheroombeforeweleave?–Yes,youmust.或No,youneedn’t.Mustshebeintheroom?–Yes,shemust.或No,shecan’t.,besubjectto,adj.[作表語]~tosthoftenhaving,sufferingorundergoingsth.;liabletosth.常有﹑常遭或常患某事物;傾向某事物:Areyousubjecttocolds?你?；几忻皢?Trainsaresubjecttodelay(s)aftertheheavysnowfalls.一下大雪火車就往往誤點.,6.___________________________,(他沒有接受我的忠告)hedidjustwhatIhadwarnedhimagainst.7.Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren,.（夫妻倆發(fā)現(xiàn)勉強維持生計是不可能的）Thenewgovernmentwasaccusedoffailure/failingto_______________________________________________（未能實現(xiàn)其降低失業(yè)率的承諾）.(achieve/realizedream/goal),Ratherthantakemyadvice,thecouplefounditimpossibletomakeendsmeet,9.Thecustomercomplainedthatnosoonerhadhetriedto______________________________________（他剛試著使用這臺機器，它就不能運轉(zhuǎn)了）10.Ifyouhad______________________________________.____________________________.（聽從了我的忠告，你就不會陷入麻煩）,usethemachinethanitstoppedworking.,followedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnt,haveput/getyourselfintotrouble,fulfillitspromisetoreducetheunemploymentrate,11.Withtearsonherface,theladywatchedherinjuredsonbeingsentintotheoperatingroom/surgery.（看著她受傷的兒子被送進手術(shù)室）(saw…sentinto…)12.Butformobilephone,ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient.（我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便）13.Inhandlingatoughsituation,nothingismorehelpfulthanself-confidence.（沒有什么比自信更有幫助的了）14.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethathisfatherdeprivehischildrenoffreedomtospendtheirsparetime.（剝奪孩子們業(yè)余時間的自由）Notuntilyesterdaydidherealizehowserioustheproblemwas.(直到昨天他才意識到問題的嚴重性)(Itwasnot..thatherealized…),11.Withtearsonherface,theladywatchedherinjuredsonbeingsentintothesurgery.（看著她受傷的兒子被送進手術(shù)室）【解析】本句中“看”指的是注視，強調(diào)看的動作，而不是結(jié)果，故用watch，若強調(diào)看到的結(jié)果，則用see,“看到兒子被送進手術(shù)室”強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生，因此watch后面用beingsentintothesurgery作賓補。injured表示因意外事故造成的傷害，wounded多指“槍傷、刀傷”等。Watch,listento,hear,lookat,see,feel,find,notice,observe等感官動詞接省略to的動詞不定式作賓補時，強調(diào)動作從發(fā)生到結(jié)束的全過程，接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時，強調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生。(+do/+doing),12.butforwithout;ifitwerenotfor要不是；如果沒有(虛擬語氣)*Butforhishelp,Ishouldnothavesucceeded．*Weshouldhavegoneforaspringoutingbutforthebadweather．14.Idontthinkitadvisablethatparentsdeprivetheirchildrenoffreedomtospendtheirsparetime（剝奪孩子們的自由）(deprivesb.ofsth.)【解析】在itisimportant/necessary/advisable/strange/impossible/naturalthat句型中，that后面的從句的謂語動詞用should+原形動詞，should可省略。,9.【解析】nosoonerthan引導時間狀語從句，表示“剛一就”，主句通常用過去完成時，從句通常用一般過去式。并且nosooner位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝，要將助動詞had提至主語之前。表達“一就”意義的短語還有:“hardly/scarcelywhen”Thecustomercomplainedthathardly/scarcelyhadhetriedtousethemachinewhenitstoppedworking.,部分倒裝：指部分謂語（如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞）位于主語之前的倒裝。1．一般疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意問句要求部分倒裝。Hashefinishedhiswork?/It’salovelyday,isn’tit?2．only修飾介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時，主句中要部分倒裝。Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveabetterfuture.Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.注：“only＋名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。例如：Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(誤),3．否定副詞，如not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首時，后面要求部分倒裝。HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshewritetome.4．notonly…but(also)…連接兩個分句，notonly置于句首，它所引導的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.注：若notonly…but(also)…連接兩個主語，句子不要倒裝。,5．notuntil引起短語或引導從句置于句首時，主句中要求部分倒裝。Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.6．hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中，若hardly,nosooner位于句首時，主句中要求部分倒裝。HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalkthanhewassurroundedbytheworkers.7．so表“也”、“同樣”意，位于句首時，其后要部分倒裝。例如：Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.,