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專題十五　生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀+社會文化類閱讀+語篇填空+短文改錯 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018四川綿陽三模) On a cool morning,Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southern Kenya.His calmness makes it easy to forget that he’s tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world.Kasaine is tracking lions—especially one lion called Marti,who is the real-life Lion King of Selenkay Conservancy. Tracking lions on foot may sound like a death wish,but Kasaine has been doing it for most of his life.Born into a traditional Maasai family he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of wildlife.Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going.During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school,he learned how to tell the paw prints (爪印)of a lion from those of other animals. Growing up,Kasaine knew that improving his tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals.For many Maasai,tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection.But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them.He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path,searching for the lion that has left upon it his prints. Each year,thousands of tourists crowd Kenya’s national parks to try to have a look at the “big five”:elephants,rhinoceros,leopards,buffaloes and lions.The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife.If Kenya’s wildlife disappears,so does its second-largest source of ine. Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land exclusively(專門地)for animals.But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas.They are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle.But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章通過講述Kasaine通過獅子的腳印追蹤獅子、保護獅子的故事,說明了肯尼亞從它的野生動植物保護中受益很多。即使人們離開他們最初的家,人們也非常高興,并且支持野生動植物保護。 1.How did Kasaine track lions? A.By working together with tourists. B.By running after them all the time. C.By going to school every day. D.By studying their paw prints. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。由第二段中的“During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school,he learned how to tell the paw prints(爪印) of a lion from those of other animals.”可推知Kasaine通過研究獅子的腳印追蹤獅子,選D項。 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A.Maasai people are born animal lovers. B.Tourism is a big threat to Kenya’s wildlife. C.Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection. D.Small animals are not included in their protection policy. 答案C 解析細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife.If Kenya’s wildlife disappears,so does its second-largest source of ine.”可知肯尼亞從它的野生動植物保護中受益很多,選C項。 3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A.Kenya’s economic development. B.People’s leaving their original homes. C.Kenya’s second-largest ine source. D.Kenyan people’s traditional Maasai lifestyle. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas.”可推知“it”指的是人們離開他們最初的家,選B項。 4.What is the best title for the text? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Wildlife Protection in Kenya B.Meeting a Dangerous Animal C.Wilson Kasaine’s Wise Choice D.Learning to Live With Lions 答案A 解析主旨大意題。這篇文章通過講述Kasaine通過獅子的腳印追蹤獅子、保護獅子的故事說明了肯尼亞從它的野生動植物保護中受益很多。即使人們離開他們最初的家,人們也非常高興,并且支持野生動植物保護,選A項。 B (2018山東濰坊二模) In the basement of a landmark 27-story tower in Stockholm,Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.He is the chief executive of Plantagon,a new urban farming factory set to kick off operations in the basement of an office block in the Swedish capital. He is by no means the first enthusiast for indoor farming,which has bee increasingly fashionable in recent years.Claims for the practice of growing food in basements range from feeding people in desert environments to transforming the negative environmental effects of monoculture farming. Plantagon’s early promises reflect this new optimism.Petterson calls the farm’s approach “agritechture”:the bination of agriculture,technology and architecture hoping to revolutionize how we live and eat. The term may be new,but the concept isn’t.Indoor farming is made possible by agricultural technologies such as hydroponics(growing plants without soil) and aeroponics(in which plants are grown in air over containers).Food can be produced without direct sunlight or soil. Plantagon plans to grow high-value foods in a pumice-like material rather than soil.Water for the plants is measured precisely.It will also dehumidify(除濕) the air and reuse any extra water to ensure zero waste.pared with conventional agriculture,it will need much less water to produce the same amount of crops. Energy is also a key issue for indoor urban farms,which have to create artificial sunlight.Although advances in the efficiency of LED lights have helped bring down energy consumption in recent years,plants use only about 1 percent of the artificial light produced.This leads to a great waste of energy,most of which disappears as heat.The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.Oxygen produced by the plants will be sent to office workers via the building’s air conditioners. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過講述瑞典斯德哥爾摩的Plantagon總裁Petterson如何在摩天大樓地下室中進行都市室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)革命的事例,介紹了室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)在世界范圍內(nèi)的普及并分析了室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)在環(huán)保節(jié)能方面的積極作用。 5.What does Plantagon plan to do in the basement? A.Grow crops. B.Do operations. C.Open a seed pany. D.Give lectures about farming. 答案A 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...Petterson is hoping to sow the seeds of an indoor urban farming revolution.”可知,而Petterson是Plantagon公司的總裁,而他打算在地下室中種植農(nóng)作物。 6.What does the underlined phrase“The term”in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.Aeroponics. B.Hydroponics. C.Monoculture. D.Agritechture. 答案D 解析詞義猜測題。該詞在段首,它指代的應該是上一段中的內(nèi)容。上一段中主要介紹了名詞“agritechture”的含義。 7.What do indoor farms do with energy waste? A.Produce oxygen. B.Run air conditioners. C.Heat offices. D.Create artificial sunlight. 答案C 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The basement farm will capture around 70 percent of this wasted heat and pipe it into the heating system of the office block above.”可知,地下室的農(nóng)業(yè)設施會把這些浪費了的熱量輸入到上面辦公樓的供暖系統(tǒng)中。 8.What is the text mainly about? A.A farming revolution. B.Petterson’s achievement. C.A water-saving farming project. D.An environment-friendly system. 答案A 解析主旨大意題。整篇文章作者的寫作脈絡是:Petterson的室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)革命的事例→室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)方式普及→Petterson公司室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的獨特方式→室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)方式的可能性→Petterson公司的打算→室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的環(huán)保和節(jié)能。貫穿于文脈中的三個關鍵詞:indoor farming revolution。所以A項最符合這三個關鍵詞表達的意義。 C (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾一模) 83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(種植園) and cattle grounds,he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life. “When I was a child,the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal,and the water dried up and did not e back,” he told the reporters.“I thought:‘Water is valuable,no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen?We are going to run out of water.’” With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers,Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life,and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle,surrounded by rats and foxes,and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast,lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years,he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land,which now makes up a small but unique area of rainforest,and a haven for wildlife. As the forest grew,the water returned,and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today,the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there,and more species are settling in every year. “There are toucans(巨嘴鳥),all kinds of birds,squirrels,lizards,and even the boars are returning,”83-year-old Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are,I would say all these right here,each one of these that I planted from a seed.” 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。本文敘述的是83歲的Antonio Vicente花了40年的時間抗擊干旱的故事。 9.What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants? A.They wasted much water on farming. B.They focused on short-term profits. C.They cared much about the environment. D.They relied heavily on rainforests for a living. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知Brazilian的農(nóng)民關注的是短期的利益。故選B項。 10.What used to be young Antonio’s biggest concern? A.Overpopulation. B.Polluted water. C.Loss of grasslands. D.Water shortage. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life...”可知年輕的Antonio最大的關注是水的短缺。故選D項。 11.What does the underlined word“haven” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Trap. B.Disaster. C.Shelter. D.Balance. 答案C 解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Over the last 40 years,he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land,which now makes up a small but unique area of rainforest,and a haven for wildlife.”在最近40年,他在31公頃土地上種植了大約50,000棵樹,構成了目前雖小但獨特的野生動物的熱帶雨林天堂。由此推知畫線詞的意思是“避難所”,故選C項。 12.In the last paragraph,Antonio mainly expresses his 　　　. A.affection for his forest B.thanks for his family C.deep love for rare birds D.pride as a successful farmer 答案A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘There are toucans(巨嘴鳥),all kinds of birds,squirrels,lizards,and even the boars are returning,’83-year-old Vicente says.‘If you ask me who my family are,I would say all these right here,each one of these that I planted from a seed.’”可推知Antonio主要在表達他對森林的喜愛。故選A項。 D (2018安徽六校教育研究第二次聯(lián)考) Ask people in the UK what the words“Sunday roast” mean to them,and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms—maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best-ever steak”.But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail,just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together. There are many reasons why the roast is being less popular.In the busy modern world,where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the puter screen,people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast. And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook.Nowadays,people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up. However,a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules.It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear. The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,and the table bees the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.“For busy moms and dads,even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event,children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.” 【語篇解讀】忙碌的生活方式導致傳統(tǒng)的英國每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活動已經(jīng)成為過去時?，F(xiàn)在,只有五十分之一的英國家庭仍然保持這個傳統(tǒng)。 13.Which of the following is most probably the best title of this passage? A.Sunday—Best Time for Family B.Sunday Roast Dying Out C.It’s the Perfect Time for Us D.Let’s Sit Down Together 答案B 解析主旨大意題。第一段中的“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail,just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.”告訴人們:傳統(tǒng)的英國每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活動已經(jīng)成為過去時。現(xiàn)在,只有五十分之一的英國家庭仍然保持這個傳統(tǒng)。下文具體介紹了導致這種現(xiàn)象的原因。故B項適合做該文標題。 14.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast? A.They have a busy lifestyle. B.They have no interest in cooking. C.They don’t think it worthwhile. D.They are living in the modern society. 答案A 解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“There are many reasons why the roast is being less popular.In the busy modern world...people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast”可知,在這個忙碌的現(xiàn)代世界里,人們似乎沒有時間和耐心烤肉了。故可知,忙碌的生活方式是導致周末烤肉大餐正在逐漸消失的原因。A項正確。 15.What does the underlined word“it” in the last paragraph refer to? A.A recent article. B.A traditional kitchen. C.The fine old tradition. D.Sunday morning activities. 答案C 解析詞義猜測題。由第五段中的“The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,and the table bees the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.”可知,周日烤肉有助于人們在廚房里放松,餐桌成為了親朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分,周日烤肉還可以讓人們放松、交流等。故it指的是周日烤肉這個老傳統(tǒng)。C項正確。 16.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Sorry. D.Uncertain. 答案C 解析觀點態(tài)度題。由文章對周日烤肉傳統(tǒng)的介紹,尤其是最后一段的敘述可知,該傳統(tǒng)活動是一項有利于家人交流共處的好機會。所以,對于這項傳統(tǒng)的逐漸消失,作者深表遺憾。故C項正確。 Ⅱ.語篇填空 (2018山東泰安二模) China has once again proved its 1.(able) to change the world with the“new four great inventions”:high-speed railways,electronic payments,shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新),2. has improved the quality of people’s lives,according to a survey 3.(make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University. “My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,”said 4. university student,adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”. The bikes 5.(them)are not new,but the operating model of bike-sharing 6.(base) on satellite navigation system,mobile payment,big data and other high technologies. China has entered a new innovative era,thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 7.(encourage) innovation,said Bernhard Schwartlander,WHO Representative in China. 8. is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas.This is 9.(especial)true in mobile,where China is leading in many ways such as the social messaging app WeChat,she said.This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile.China has the 10.(large) mobile use in the world. 答案與解析 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講了中國正用“新的四大發(fā)明”來改變世界。 1.ability　考查名詞。作proved的賓語,用名詞,所以填ability。 2.which　考查非限制性定語從句。“　2　 has improved the quality of people’s lives”,作定語,修飾China’s high-tech innovation(創(chuàng)新),且有逗號隔開,所以“　2　 has improved the quality of people’s lives”是一個非限制性定語從句,關系詞在從句中作主語,指物,所以用which。 3.made　考查非謂語動詞。make與其邏輯主語a survey之間是被動關系,所以用過去分詞作定語,填made。 4.a　考查冠詞。泛指“一位大學生”,且university的首字母發(fā)音是輔音,所以填不定冠詞a。 5.themselves　考查反身代詞。句意:自行車它們本身不是全新的事物。表示“它們本身”,填themselves。 6.is based　考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。表示主語現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時,且the operating model of bike-sharing與base on之間是被動關系,用被動語態(tài),所以填is based。 7.encouraging　考查固定用法。介詞in之后用v-ing形式作賓語,所以填encouraging。 8.It　考查形式主語?！皌hat China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas”是句子真正的主語,這里需要一個形式主語,所以填It。 9.especially　考查副詞。修飾形容詞true用副詞,所以填especially。 10.largest　考查最高級。中國在世界上擁有最大的手機使用量。表示“最大的”,用最高級,所以填largest。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 (2018湖北黃岡中學二模) Good morning!I’m Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School.I’d like to give brief introduction about myself.I’m easy-going and have various hobby.I love sports,especially playing basketball with my friends.I’m also keen on listening to music to relax myself in my spare time.Between all the subjects,English was my favourite and I’m good at it.If it es to my ideal major,I’m quite interesting in international business.Because I like meeting the people of different cultures,and municate with them in English. I sincere hope that you can give me a chance to improve yourself in your university. 答案 Good morning!I’m Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School.I’d like to give ∧a brief introduction about myself.I’m easy-going and have various hobbyhobbies.I love sports,especially playing basketball with my friends.I’m also keen on listening to music to relax myself in my spare time. BetweenAmong/Of all the subjects,English wasis my favourite and I’m good at it.IfWhen it es to my ideal major,I’m quite interestinginterested in international business.Because I like meeting the people offrom different cultures,and communicatecommunicating with them in English. I sinceresincerely hope that you can give me a chance to improve yourselfmyself in your university.