2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 2 Cloning 一、閱讀理解。 Kanda really doesn’t like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he’d rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.” So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a person’s shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to municate.It’s even equipped with a smile. Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot， sometimes I forget where I parked.” They tested the robot on 15 volunteers，10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion（蒲公英） seeds into the air？”The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes，I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot’s weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said. Just like a human partner，Kanda’s bot isn’t perfect.It’s not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it can’t really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was forted by the bot’s presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，” he said，“particularly when it spoke.” 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了新研發(fā)的陪人散步的機(jī)器人。 1.Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner？ A.Because he wants someone to acpany him while walking. B.Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot. C.Because his family are unwilling to walk with him. D.Because he is crazy about developing robots. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，’Kanda said.‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda發(fā)明陪人散步的機(jī)器人的原因是想找個(gè)人在他散步時(shí)陪他，故選A。 2.What characteristic does the robot have？ A.It can “speak” and “see”. B.It can walk like a human being. C.It can municate with people freely. D.It is much more humorous than a real person. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice.”可推知，這種機(jī)器人可以說(shuō)話還可以看，故選A。 3.What is necessary for the robot to function？ A.A small size.　　　 B．A boxy shape. C.A human partner. D．A speech software. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.”可知，這種機(jī)器人是要配備麥克風(fēng)、揚(yáng)聲器、內(nèi)置攝像頭以及特殊的語(yǔ)音軟件的，故選D。 4.What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next？ A.To make it more convenient to carry. B.To improve its conversational skills. C.To enable it to walk in heavy rain. D.To better its sound system. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句的“it can’t really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried”并結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容可推知，接下來(lái)Kanda將要改善的是機(jī)器人的交流技能，故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．She was forced ________ (retire) early from teaching because of ill health. 答案：to retire　be forced to do ... “被迫做……”；retire “退休”。 2．Many local people ________(object) to the building of the new airport. 答案：objected　object to ... “反對(duì)……”。 3．It wont make much ________(differ) whether you go today or tomorrow. 答案：difference　由空前的much可知應(yīng)填名詞difference。make a/no/some/much difference 表示“有/沒(méi)有/有些/有很大影響/作用/關(guān)系”。 4．He owes his success more ________luck than ________ ability. 答案：to; to　owe ... to ... “把……歸功于……”。 5．Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden________ (drink) it when they drive a car. 答案：to drink　be forbidden to do ... “被禁止做某事”。 6．________(strike) by strong snowstorms, the area faced a severe water and electricity shortage. 答案：Struck　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在該句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。 7．The question ________will take his place is still not clear. 答案：who　who引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的人”，從句說(shuō)明question的內(nèi)容。 8．The advantage is ________the cost of this method is low. 答案：that　設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句在從句中不作成分，無(wú)語(yǔ)義，只起連接作用，故填that。 9．I cant ________(undertake) that you will win in the election. 答案：undertake　由空前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。I cant undertake that ... “我無(wú)法承諾……”。 10．You can use my puter on condition ________ you return it tomorrow. 答案：that　on condition that ... “條件是……；只要……”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home.On the halfway，after __1__ her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on the top of her car just for a moment to __2__ my phone call.And then __3__，she forgot and drove off.When arriving home，she realized that and thought that the __4__ of getting it again was small. She was so __5__ surprised when she found a __6__ on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier.Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few __7__ from the gas station.They stopped their car to __8__.It was filled with all the things one usually kept in a wallet，including some __9__ and other cash，however，no phone number.__10__ this，they managed to get a(n) __11__ from my mothers driving licence, and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to __12__ it. When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so __13__ and grateful.She __14__ to give them some money as a(n) __15__ of gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just glad to __16__ my mother help. They were naturally __17__，and they had firm __18__ in the Golden Rule as well.They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience the loss of a wallet and all its contents could __19__.I think they were really __20__ and helpful. 1．A.pulling out B．a(chǎn)pplying for C．paying for D．making out 2．A.make B．a(chǎn)nswer C．hear D．send 3．A.carefully B．ridiculously C．obviously D．deliberately 4．A.amount B．expectation C．thought D．chance 5．A.curiously B．joyfully C．willingly D．strangely 6．A.sign B．signal C．note D．postcard 7．A.stops B．hours C．squares D．blocks 8．A.pick it up B．look it up C．take it out D．put it out 9．A.pictures B．envelopes C．bills D．napkins 10．A.Instead of B．Despite C．Without D．Beneath 11．A.number B．photograph C．a(chǎn)ddress D．index 12．A.get B．check C．exchange D．return 13．A.upset B．relieved C．fortunate D．warmhearted 14．A.intended B．a(chǎn)dvised C．demanded D．instructed 15．A.feeling B．mood C．present D．expression 16．A.offer B．share C．trust D．seek 17．A.honest B．selfish C．frank D．creative 18．A.courage B．faith C．support D．devotion 19．A.fulfill B．ignore C．value D．cause 20．A.ambitious B．civilized C．polite D．considerate 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者的母親丟失了錢(qián)包，兩位好心人拾到了錢(qián)包，并將它歸還給母親的故事。 【核心詞匯】pull out 取出，拉出　obviously adv.明顯地　chance n．機(jī)會(huì)，可能性　intend vt.打算　considerate adj.考慮周到的 1．A　根據(jù)下文的“she put her wallet on the top of her car just for a moment”的提示可知，此處指母親取出她的信用卡去購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些東西。pull out“取出，拉出”；apply for“申請(qǐng)”；pay for“支付”；make out“理解”。 2．B　為了接聽(tīng)作者的電話，作者的母親把錢(qián)包放在車(chē)頂一會(huì)兒。answer“回答，接聽(tīng)”。 3．C　根據(jù)下文的“she forgot and drove off.When arriving home, she realized”的提示可知，此處指“明顯地”。carefully“仔細(xì)地”；ridiculously“荒謬地”；obviously“明顯地”；deliberately“故意地”。 4．D　當(dāng)母親到家的時(shí)候，她意識(shí)到了這件事，并且認(rèn)為再次得到它的可能性很小。amount“數(shù)量”；expectation“期望”；thought“想法”；chance“機(jī)會(huì)，可能性”。 5．B　根據(jù)空后的“when she found a __6__ on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier”的提示可知，母親感到既高興又驚奇。curiously“好奇地”；joyfully“高興地”；willingly“樂(lè)意地”；strangely“奇怪地”。 6．C　母親發(fā)現(xiàn)門(mén)上有一個(gè)便條。sign“跡象”；signal“信號(hào)”；note“便條”；postcard“明信片”。 7．D　根據(jù)“Patrick and Catherine saw...They stopped their car to __8__”的提示可知，Patrick和Catherine在離加油站幾個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的路中間發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)錢(qián)包，他們停下車(chē)撿起了它。stop“車(chē)站”；hour“小時(shí)”；square“廣場(chǎng)”；block“街區(qū)”。 8．A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。pick sth.up“撿起某物”符合語(yǔ)境。 9．C　根據(jù)上文的“It was filled with all the things one usually kept in a wallet”的提示以及常識(shí)可知，錢(qián)包里有一些賬單和其他的現(xiàn)金。picture“畫(huà)，照片”；envelope“信封”；bill“賬單”；napkin“餐巾”。 10．B　根據(jù)“however, no phone number.__10__ this, they managed to get a(n)__11__ from my mothers driving licence”的提示可知，錢(qián)包里面沒(méi)有電話號(hào)碼，盡管如此，他們還是從母親的駕照上得到了一個(gè)地址。instead of“代替”；despite“盡管”；without“沒(méi)有”；beneath“在……下面”。 11．C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。number“數(shù)字”；photograph“相片”；address“地址”；index“索引”。 12．D　他們毫不猶豫地開(kāi)車(chē)來(lái)到我們家把錢(qián)包歸還給了母親。get“得到”；check“檢查”；exchange“交換”；return“歸還”。 13．B　當(dāng)母親去拿錢(qián)包的時(shí)候，她感到非常寬慰和感激。upset“沮喪的”；relieved“寬慰的”；fortunate“幸運(yùn)的”；warmhearted“熱心的”。 14．A　根據(jù)上文的“When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so __13__and grateful”的提示可知，母親打算給他們一些錢(qián)來(lái)表示感謝。intend“打算”；advise“建議”；demand“要求”；instruct“指導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明”。 15．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。feeling“感覺(jué)”；mood“情緒，心情”；present“禮物”；expression“表達(dá)，表示”。 16．A　但是他們拒絕了，他們說(shuō)他們很樂(lè)意給母親提供幫助。offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”。 17．A　他們表現(xiàn)自然，很誠(chéng)實(shí)。honest“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；selfish“自私的”；frank“坦率的”；creative“有創(chuàng)造力的”。 18．B　而且他們對(duì)于黃金規(guī)則也有著堅(jiān)定的信心。have faith in sb./sth.意為“對(duì)某人或某物有信心”。 19．D　根據(jù)空前的“because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience the loss of a wallet and all its contents could”的提示可知，他們意識(shí)到了失去錢(qián)包和錢(qián)包里的所有東西可能會(huì)引起的令人不愉快和煩惱的經(jīng)歷。fulfill“實(shí)現(xiàn)”；ignore“忽視”；value“重視”；cause“引起”。 20．D　根據(jù)“They drove to our home...its contents could __19__...and helpful”的提示可知，作者認(rèn)為他們真的是考慮周到而且樂(lè)于助人的。ambitious“有野心的”；civilized“文明的”；polite“有禮貌的”；considerate“考慮周到的”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The story he told the police differed in the one he told his mother. ____________________________________________________ 答案：in→from　differ from ... “和……不同”。 2．Owed to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine. _____________________________________________________ 答案：Owed→Owing　owing to ... “因?yàn)椤?；由于……”，為固定用法? 3．It suddenly struck to me that we should make a new plan. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉to　It strikes sb. that ... “某人突然想起……”。 4．My mother makes a promise if I passed the exam, she would buy me a watch. ____________________________________________________ 答案：promise后加that　該句為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，that雖不作成分，但也不能省略。 5．Encouraging by the speech, the young man made up his mind to take up the struggle. ____________________________________________________ 答案：Encouraging→Encouraged　主語(yǔ)the young man 與encourage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 五、短文改錯(cuò) As is known to we all, America’s national pastime is baseball. It has played in this country since the first settlers arrive. It was a national ball what was liked by many Americans at that time. Although baseball possibly developed from an English game, it is now thought of like an American sport. From the Little League to the Major League, player of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”. Famous players, exciting music but the standard stadium food of hot dogs, popcorn and peanuts are popularly among Americans. In a fact, Americans make go to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays. 答案： As is known to all, America’s national pastime is baseball. It has played in this country since the first settlers . It was a national ball was liked by many Americans at that time. Although baseball possibly developed from an English game, it is now thought of an American sport. From the Little League to the Major League, of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”. Famous players, exciting music the standard stadium food of hot dogs, popcorn and peanuts are among Americans. In fact, Americans make to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.