2019高考英語(yǔ) 詞匯（22）練習(xí)（含解析）.doc

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詞匯（22） 復(fù)習(xí)：1、核心單詞2、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)3、寫(xiě)作句式4、我讀我練（詞匯應(yīng)用、句式仿寫(xiě)） 【單句單詞語(yǔ)法填空】 1． I wish I________(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 答案：had been　利用虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過(guò)我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“參加妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last Tuesday可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故謂語(yǔ)用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為had been。 2． It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now. 答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預(yù)訂了一個(gè)房間，要不然我們現(xiàn)在就無(wú)處可呆了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，or后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。 3．(2015北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it. 答案：hadnt seen　根據(jù)主句中“wouldnt have believed”可以判斷是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會(huì)相信。 4．(2015陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her. 答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be用were)；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。 5．(2015四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Hans first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success. 答案：should　句意為：影評(píng)家們很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)韓寒的第一部電影《后會(huì)無(wú)期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應(yīng)用should。 核心單詞 1.profession n.　　　　 (需要有高等教育學(xué)位的)職業(yè)(如醫(yī)生或律師) 2.profit n. 利潤(rùn)，益處 　 v. 有益于，有利于 3.programme n. 節(jié)目；項(xiàng)目 4.progress n. 進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展；前進(jìn) 　　 vi. 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步 5.prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止 6.project n. 工程 7.promise n.& v. 答應(yīng)，允諾 8.promote vt. 促進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)，增進(jìn)；提升，提拔；宣傳，推銷(xiāo)(商品等) 9.pronounce v. 發(fā)音 10.properly adv. 適當(dāng)?shù)? 11.protection n. 保護(hù) 12.prove vt. 證明 13.provide vt. 提供 14.province n. 省 15.publicly adv. 當(dāng)眾；公開(kāi)地 16.publish vt. 出版，發(fā)行 17.punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的 18.punishment n. 懲罰 19.purpose n. 目的，意圖 20.puzzled adj. 迷惑的，困惑的 21.qualification n. 資格，學(xué)歷 22.quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)，性質(zhì) 23.quantity n. 量，數(shù)量 24.quarrel vi. 爭(zhēng)吵，吵架 25.questionnaire n. 調(diào)查表，問(wèn)卷 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.let sb down 讓某人失望 let out 放出；泄露 let in 放進(jìn)；讓……進(jìn)入 2.leave alone 不干涉/打擾；不理，順其自然 leave behind 留下；丟棄；忘記攜帶 leave for 動(dòng)身去 leave out 遺漏；省去；不考慮 leave...to/with 把……托付給；留/交給 on leave 休假 ask for leave 請(qǐng)假 【閱讀理解】 It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is mainly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會(huì)減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說(shuō)是寫(xiě)給有 喝酒習(xí)慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。與上句形成對(duì)比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實(shí)上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項(xiàng)同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會(huì)破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，所以下文會(huì)證明這一觀點(diǎn)， 故選C。 寫(xiě)作句式 倒　裝 1.Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到經(jīng)歷了真正的苦難，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛(ài)是多么重要。 2.On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我們絕對(duì)不能忽視知識(shí)的價(jià)值。 3.(2014天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))Only if we understand and learn from each other can we spend those good days together happily. 只有相互理解、彼此學(xué)習(xí)我們才能一起幸福地度過(guò)那些美好的日子。 我讀我練 Ⅰ.詞匯應(yīng)用 1.I have made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress(進(jìn)步). 2.Not all the advertisements can be used to promote__(促進(jìn)) the sale of the products. 3.Once attacked by viruses, your puter won’t function properly(proper). 4.Mr.Lee decided to fight for the protection (protect) of the environment. 5.Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team __let__out (發(fā)出) loud shouts of victory. 6.He’s in a bad mood right now.We’d better leave__him__alone(不要打攪他). Ⅱ.句式仿寫(xiě) 1.至于我自己，我會(huì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中多做有價(jià)值的事情，從交友到學(xué)習(xí)，只有用這種方式我才能使生活充實(shí)、有價(jià)值。 As for myself, I’ll devote myself to more worthwhile things in real life, from making friends to studying; only__in__this__way_can__I_make_my_life_full_and_valuable. 2.在任何情況下我們都不應(yīng)該以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。 Under no circumstances should__we__develop__the__economy__at the cost of the environment. 3.直到他醒來(lái)他才意識(shí)到他已經(jīng)昏迷了好幾天了。 Not until he woke up did__he__learn he had been in a for several days. 【練習(xí)】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】　 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 第一處：it→them?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語(yǔ)指代的是第一句的主語(yǔ)“Mistakes”，故用them。 第二處：a→the。考查冠詞。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平”的開(kāi)始，故用定冠詞。 第三處：make→making。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。 第四處：that→what?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動(dòng)詞thought的賓語(yǔ)，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。 第五處：discouraging→discouraged。考查形容詞。根據(jù)從句主語(yǔ)I可知，該處應(yīng)用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：must→could?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“過(guò)去本能夠做卻沒(méi)有做”，故用could have done。 第七處：刪除in。考查固定搭配。該處指“參加英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部”，參加某個(gè)組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動(dòng)”，故刪除in。 第八處：made→makes。考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語(yǔ)為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。 第九處：fluent→fluently?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)該句中的動(dòng)詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動(dòng)詞，故用副詞形式。 第十處：afraid前加be?？疾槠硎咕?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動(dòng)詞原形be。