2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 1 Cultural relics（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

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必修二Unit 1　Cultural relics 【短文語法填空】 Chinese are the first people to have tea.One thousand and two hundred years ago，Lu Yu wrote a book called“The Classic of Tea”， 1. is honored as “The Bible of Tea”．The book gives a detailed 2. (explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea. However，Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3. (it)．Take green tea for instance，the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80 degrees Celsius.If the water is too hot，nutrients (營養(yǎng)) in the tea 4. (destroy)．On the other hand，if the water is not hot enough，the tea 5. (leaf) wont open and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.So Chinese people are accustomed 6. drinking hot tea.When you visit a Chinese friend，your friend will 7. (constant) add hot water to your empty cup of tea.It is polite 8. (offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands. Of course，the guests should pay respect as well, 9. (take) the cup with both hands. Talking about adding water to the tea cup，there is 10. saying: Wine full，the full cup.Tea half，half cup.For wine，the full cup symbolizes whole heartiness.For tea，the half cup means modesty. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。介紹了中國茶文化的歷史、喝熱茶的原因、喝茶禮儀、關(guān)于茶的俗語。 1．which　[考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“The Classic of Tea”，空處為關(guān)系詞，指物，故填which。] 2．explanation　[考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的detailed可知，空處被形容詞修飾，故用explain的名詞形式。] 3．itself　[考查反身代詞。句意：然而，中國的茶文化遠(yuǎn)超過茶本身。據(jù)此可知，空處用反身代詞itself。] 4．will be destroyed　[考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：如果水太熱，茶葉中的營養(yǎng)將被破壞。根據(jù)句意可知，主語nutrients(營養(yǎng))in the tea和動詞destroy之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為復(fù)合句，在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，主句則用一般將來時(shí)，故空處用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。] 5．leaves　[考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)常識可知，該處的茶葉為復(fù)數(shù)概念。] 6．to　[考查固定搭配。be accustomed to為固定搭配，意為“習(xí)慣于……”。] 7．constantly　[考查副詞。根據(jù)空后的動詞add可知，空處修飾該動詞，故用副詞形式。] 8．to offer　[考查動詞不定式。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用了“It＋is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.”的固定句式，It為形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語。] 9．taking　[考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作伴隨狀語，且take與其邏輯主語the guests之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。] 10．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞。該處泛指“一句俗語”，且saying的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。] 一．高考單詞→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①belong vi.屬于；為……的一員 ②remove vt.移動；搬開 ③debate n．爭論；辯論 vi.爭論；辯論 ④worth prep.值得的 n．價(jià)值；作用 ⑤survive vi.幸免；幸存；生還 survival n．幸存；生還 survivor n．幸存者 ⑥select vt.挑選；選擇 selection n．挑選；選擇 ⑦design n．設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思 vt.設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；構(gòu)思 designer n．設(shè)計(jì)者 ⑧decorate v．裝飾；裝修 decoration n．裝飾；裝修 ⑨doubt n．懷疑；疑惑 vt.懷疑；不信 doubtful adj.懷疑的 ⑩explode vi.爆炸 explosion n．爆炸 ?amaze vt.使吃驚；驚訝 amazing adj.令人吃驚的 amazed adj.吃驚的；驚愕的 2．?？荚~匯 ①entrance n．入口 ②sink vi.下沉；沉下 ③wooden adj.木制的 ④style n．風(fēng)格；類型；風(fēng)度 ⑤former adj.以前的；從前的 ⑥valuable adj.貴重的；有價(jià)值的 value n. & v．價(jià)值；重視 ⑦artist n．藝術(shù)家 art n．藝術(shù) ⑧reception n．接待；招待會；接收 receive v．接受；接收 ⑨rare adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍貴的 rarely adv.很少地；罕有地 ⑩evidence n．根據(jù)；證據(jù) evident adj.明顯的；明白的 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．After years of heated debate (debate), gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 2．It is without doubt (doubtful) the most annoying of all.(2017天津卷) 3．I remend that you find your way in style (style)．(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 4．Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer (rare) than sunshine.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 5．I was named most valuable (value) player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 6．The volunteers donating money to survivors (survive) inspired Natalie most.(2016北京卷) 7．We invite you to join us on an amazing (amaze) journey of language learning.(2016天津卷) 8．In art criticism，you must assume the artist (art) has a secret message hidden within the work.(2016江蘇卷) 9．Yet there is evidence (evident) suggesting that the trend is growing.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 10．Her early entrance (enter) into the sprinting world made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track.(2016江蘇卷) ?“值得”家族 ①worth prep.值得的；相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值 n．價(jià)值；作用 ②worthy adj.值得的，應(yīng)得的 ③worthiness n．價(jià)值，值得 ④worthwhile adj.值得的，值錢的，有價(jià)值的 ⑤deserve vt.值得 ?“喜歡”家族速記 ①fancy喜歡，想要；想象；設(shè)想 ②like喜歡，喜愛 ③love喜愛，喜好，喜歡 ④enjoy喜歡，欣賞 ⑤favor喜歡，支持，贊成 ⑥prefer更喜歡 ⑦admire喜歡，贊賞，欽佩 ⑧be fond of喜歡，喜愛 ⑨be keen on喜歡，喜愛 ?詞尾al構(gòu)成的名詞薈萃 ①survival幸存 ②arrival到達(dá) ③refusal拒絕 ④musical音樂片 ⑤burial埋葬 ⑥criminal罪犯 ⑦memorial紀(jì)念館 ⑧approval批準(zhǔn)；同意 【完形填空】 There was once a widow who had two daughters.The __1__ widow loved the elder who was like herself both in looks and personality，but didnt love the other，who resembled her __2__，although she was pretty and friendly. The younger daughter had to __3__ hard all day and live upon the leftovers of her elder sister.Among her other __4__ jobs，she was forced to carry water every day __5__. One day __6__ she had just filled her pot at the fountain，an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water.Glad to show a kindness to the old woman，she __7__. Now，all of a sudden，there was no old trembling woman but a(n)__8__ who rewarded good deeds before her.“Your face is pretty __9__ your heart is gentle，” said she.“For your kindness，I will make you a gift.Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a flower or a jewel.” When the girl reached home，her ill mother __10__ her for her long absence.“Pardon me for being away so long，” she replied.As she spoke some pearls and diamonds dropped from her __11__. “What is this I see，child？” asked the __12__ widow. The poor girl was so happy to be __13__ child by her mother that she eagerly told her mother about her __14__ with the old woman at the fountain.The widow immediately __15__ her favorite daughter to do as the __16__ girl had done. When the impatient girl was filling the pot with water at the __17__，a beautiful lady appeared and __18__ a drink of water from the girl. “I have not e here to serve you，” she __19__ replied. The lady，who was the fairy，said，“I will make you a gift to __20__ your rudeness.Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a snake or a toad(蟾蜍)．” 1．A.goodtempered B．badtempered C．kind D．beautiful 2．A.daughter B．teacher C．mother D．father 3．A.plain B．play C．work D．study 4．A.easy B．hard C．interesting D．boring 5．A.within reach B．with ease C．without hesitation D．from a great distance 6．A.when B．while C．once D．before 7．A.hesitated B．a(chǎn)greed C．left D．a(chǎn)rgued 8．A.boy B．old woman C．old man D．fairy 9．A.although B．but C．while D．a(chǎn)nd 10．A.scolded B．praised C．thanked D．forgave 11．A.waist B．hair C．lips D．hands 12．A.amused B．interested C．a(chǎn)stonished D．frightened 13．A.awarded B．called C．showed D．taught 14．A.difficulty B．thought C．experiment D．experience 15．A.advised B．got C．forced D．invited 16．A.slim B．tall C．elder D．poor 17．A.river B．pool C．fountain D．well 18．A.asked for B．a(chǎn)sked of C．a(chǎn)sked about D．a(chǎn)sked after 19．A.rudely B．jokingly C．proudly D．hurriedly 20．A.deserve B．face C．equal D．repay 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了兩個(gè)性格和外表不同的姐妹對給予他人幫助的不同反應(yīng)及她們得到的相應(yīng)的結(jié)果，彰顯了善有善報(bào)的道理。 1．B　根據(jù)下文中的“her ill mother”并結(jié)合下文她訓(xùn)斥小女兒可推知，她脾氣不好。 2．D　根據(jù)語境中的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處與“herself”形成對比。小女兒不像她而是像父親。 3．C　根據(jù)下文中的“Among her other __4__ jobs，she was forced to carry water every day __5__”并結(jié)合“l(fā)ive upon the leftovers of her elder sister”可推知，小女兒整天要做許多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩飯菜生活。 4．B　根據(jù)上文中的“The younger daughter had to __3__ hard all day”可推知，小女兒的工作都很辛苦，很累人。 5．D　根據(jù)本段的整體內(nèi)容可知，小女兒過得很艱難。由“she was forced to carry water every day”可推知，小女兒還得每天從很遠(yuǎn)的地方挑水，這與其艱難的生活境況呼應(yīng)。 6．A　此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，修飾先行詞One day。 7．B　根據(jù)空前的“Glad to show a kindness to the old woman”可推知，小女兒答應(yīng)了老婦人的請求。 8．D　根據(jù)下文的“The lady，who was the fairy”可推知，老婦人是仙女變過來的。 9．D　根據(jù)語境可知，空處前后句表示邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，故選D。 10．A　與“her ill mother”和“her long absence”呼應(yīng)并結(jié)合下文小女兒的道歉可知，此處表示小女兒受到母親的訓(xùn)斥。 11．C　根據(jù)上文中的“Every time you speak，from your mouth shall e a flower or a jewel”可知，小女兒以后說話會口吐花兒或者寶石，故選C。lip“嘴唇”，符合語境。 12．C　小女兒突然口吐珍珠和寶石，她的母親自然很吃驚。astonished“吃驚的”。 13．B　根據(jù)上文中的“What is this I see，child”可推知，寡婦很震驚，對小女兒的態(tài)度突然轉(zhuǎn)變，柔和了很多，稱她為“孩子”。 14．D　小女兒迫切地將自己遇到仙女的經(jīng)歷告訴了母親。experience“經(jīng)歷”。 15．B　get sb.to do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，符合語境。 16．D　與上文中的“The poor girl”呼應(yīng)可推知，這里指可憐的小女兒。 17．C 　與上文中的“One day __6__ she had just filled her pot at the fountain”呼應(yīng)可推知，大女兒也來到噴泉那里。 18．A 　與上文中的“an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water”呼應(yīng)可推知，一個(gè)漂亮的女士向大女兒討水喝。 19．A　與下文中的“your rudeness”呼應(yīng)可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)大女兒舉止很粗魯，與上文的“the impatient girl”呼應(yīng)，故選A。 20．C　結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示仙女要送給大女兒一份與她的粗魯相匹配的禮物。equal“比得上”。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識記思考運(yùn)用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①belong to屬于 ②serve as充當(dāng)；起作用 ③look into調(diào)查 ④add... to...把……加到……上 ⑤take apart拆開 2．介詞＋名詞(＋介詞) ①in return作為報(bào)答；回報(bào) ②at war處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài) ③in search of尋找 ④by the light of借助……的光線 3．其他形式 ①less than少于 ②rather than而不是；與其 ③think highly of看重；器重 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather_than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California.(2017天津卷) 2．We offer an excellent education to our students.In_return，we expect students to work hard.(2017天津卷) 3．The puter belonging_to them is under repair now. 4．People all over the country once thought_highly_of the building designed by the famous architect. 5．There is little furniture in his house. The wooden box serves_as both a bench and a table. ?“at＋n.”常考短語薈萃 ①at peace處于和平時(shí)期 ②at school在求學(xué) ③at play在玩耍 ④at sea在大海上，在航行 ⑤at work在工作 ⑥at war處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài) ?take短語集錦 ①take away拿走，減去；奪去 ②take back收回，取消 ③take down取下，記下，占領(lǐng)，拆毀 ④take in吸收，接納，欺騙，輕信，領(lǐng)會 ⑤take apart拆開，拆卸 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運(yùn)往哥尼斯堡，當(dāng)時(shí)德國在波羅的海岸邊的一個(gè)城市。 There is no doubt that...是固定句式，意為“毫無疑問……”。 毫無疑問，教育是一個(gè)我們應(yīng)該賦予更多關(guān)注的問題。 There_is_no_doubt_that education is a problem we should pay more attention to. 2.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可以相信，哪些證人不能相信。 “疑問詞＋to do sth.”，在句中作賓語。它還可以作主語或表語。 我很榮幸在這里和大家交流在高中要學(xué)習(xí)什么的看法。 It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what_to_learn in senior high school. 3.Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也認(rèn)為他們不應(yīng)該把它交給任何一個(gè)政府。 “nor/neither＋be 動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”，表示前句中的否定情況也適用于另一人或物。 父母們不能容忍他們的孩子在聚會上表現(xiàn)得沒禮貌，也不允許他們不服從自己的命令。 The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party, nor did_they_allow themselves to be disobeyed. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 A survey (調(diào)查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary wide from one to another. Most of the students supported the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother and a sister to keep the pany and share secrets with.Besides，we believe a second child would bring lots of funs to the family. However，the rest of the students interviewing hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue whether they have been accustomed to enjoy the whole love from their parents. 答案： A survey (調(diào)查)has recently carried out among the students in our school about whether they would like it if their parents gave birth to a second child.Opinions vary from one to another. Most of the students the idea.They think that it would be amazing to have a brother a sister to keep the pany and share secrets with.Besides， believe a second child would bring lots of to the family. However，the rest of the students hold the opposite view.To start with，raising one child is already a difficult thing and the parents would have to work twice as hard if they had a second child.Whats more，they argue they have been accustomed to the whole love from their parents. ?　解析：A survey和carry out為被動關(guān)系，所以加been。 ?　解析：vary是動詞，用副詞修飾，所以用widely。 ?　解析：這是陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，將supported改為support。 ?　解析：and表示并列，此處句意為選擇而非并列，故用or。 ?　解析：keep pany陪伴，陪同。 ?　解析：由句意得此處主語為students，所以為they。 ?　 解析：fun為不可數(shù)名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式所以將funs改為fun。 ?　 解析：student和interview為被動關(guān)系，所以用ed形式作定語。 ?　解析：whether引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，而文中是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)所以將whether刪掉或者改為that。 　解析：accustom固定搭配be accustomed to doing 所以將enjoy變?yōu)閑njoying。