2019版高考英語一輪鞏固達標練 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Women of achievement ***閱讀理解。 Winston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you. His Cigars The classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar being soggy (濕軟的), Churchill invented the ＂bellybando＂, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end. At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight. His Black Dog Throughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his ＂black dog＂. At times, his depression was so severe that he didn’t like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would mit suicide. When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how ＂all the colors e back into the picture＂. 1. Why did Churchill’s security team insist on checking the cigars? A. To test if they were safe for Churchill. B. To see if they were of the best quality. C. To make sure they were Churchill’s favorite. D. To guarantee they were not out of date. 2. Which of the following best shows Churchill’s love of cigars? A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age. B. He smoked many cigars every day. C. He invented the ＂bellybando＂. D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking. 3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Churchill became energetic again. B. Churchill remained depressed. C. Churchill drew colorful pictures. D. Churchill liked to talk about colors. 4. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. Achievements of Churchill B. Anecdotes about Churchill C. Personalities of Churchill D. Hobbies of Churchill 【文章大意】丘吉爾是英國最受歡迎的首相，文章介紹丘吉爾的一些奇聞軼事。 1. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.＂可知，丘吉爾的安全部隊堅持要檢查雪茄，為了檢測是否它們對丘吉 爾是安全的。故選A。 3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子＂However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.＂可知，丘吉爾精力充沛的時候， 經(jīng)常工作和交談直到凌晨。下文是他對精力充沛的描寫。故選A。 4. B【解析】標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和第一段的句子＂While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.＂可知，文章主要介紹丘吉爾的 奇聞軼事。故選B。 ***語法填空。 Our group Springhill Baptist Church started a food pantry (食品儲藏室) to help out members of the munity. As part of the program, we buy the food that will __1__(distribute) and make boxes for distribution. We do this on __2__regular basis—the second Monday of every month. One day, as my friend and I __3__(load) our grocery carts with the necessary items in the store, a gentleman asked us, “__4__do you get so many items？” We explained we were doing our __5__(month) grocery shopping and gave him some details about our program.__6__(say) that it was great, he went on with his business. After gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to check out at the counter, only __7__(inform) by the cashier that our bill had already been paid. The gentleman who asked about our__8__(intend) had left his credit card number to pay __9__our order and then walked off. He had no idea what the cost was before he left. We were __10__(extreme) shocked at the generosity of a stranger. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者和朋友去為食品儲藏室購買食物時遇到了一位紳士，他在得知作者他們的意圖后悄悄地為他們支付了賬單。作者在文中對這位紳士的慷慨表達了感激之情。 1．be distributed　考查動詞的語態(tài)。作為計劃的一部分，我們購買食物并將其進行分配。distribute與food之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。空前是情態(tài)動詞will，故填be distributed。 2．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。我們定期這樣做——每個月的第二個星期一。on a regular basis “定期地”。 3．were loading　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)下文中的“we were doing our ...”可知，此處表示過去某個時間點正在進行的動作，應(yīng)用過去進行時；句子的主語是my friend and I，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填were loading。 4．Why　考查疑問詞。根據(jù)下文的“We explained we were doing our ...”可知，這位紳士是在問“你們?yōu)槭裁促I這么多物品”，故填疑問詞Why表示“為什么”。 5．monthly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的“our”及空后的“grocery shopping”可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語。上文的“every month”暗示這里填monthly “每月的”。 6．Saying　考查非謂語動詞。逗號后面的句子與前面的部分之間沒有連詞，故空處所在部分應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，此處表示伴隨狀況，he和say之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 7．to be informed　考查非謂語動詞及其被動結(jié)構(gòu)。only后接不定式表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，inform與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用不定式的被動式。 8．intention　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的“about our”可知，此處要填名詞，intention “意圖，目的”。 9．for　考查介詞。pay for sth.是固定搭配，“為……而付錢，負擔(dān)……的費用”。故填for。 10．extremely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾were shocked，表示程度，故填extremely。 ***完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明節(jié))．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didnt ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got. As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah. But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My specialneeds son decided that he wanted to __7__ a puter，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldnt __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen，he got __9__. I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isnt about greed or materialism.Its about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.Its about being __12__ of our heritage.Its about freedom. But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a specialneeds child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，hes a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life. And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I wele his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones. 1．A.buying　　　B．donating C．lighting D．drawing 2．A.celebrate B．present C．send D．play 3．A.at B．for C．in D．from 4．A.ate B．threw C．liked D．drank 5．A.held up B．gave in C．handed in D．kept up 6．A.made B．became C．found D．designed 7．A.build B．buy C．use D．watch 8．A.rely on B．learn from C．a(chǎn)gree to D．dream about 9．A.calm B．happy C．selfish D．upset 10．A.telling B．warning C．promising D．a(chǎn)ccusing 11．A.lays B．hangs C．waits D．burns 12．A.tired B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lack 13．A.nodded B．slept C．insisted D．failed 14．A.mind B．sight C．control D．place 15．A.wonderful B．dangerous C．interesting D．challenging 16．A.run out B．break down C．work out D．put down 17．A.strange B．a(chǎn)mazing C．bad D．energetic 18．A.candles B．lamps C．torches D．lanterns 19．A.when B．a(chǎn)s C．unless D．until 20．A.relative B．possible C．reasonable D．positive 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者一家過光明節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)、變化及作者的應(yīng)對策略和反思。 【核心詞匯】greed n．貪婪　materialism n．物質(zhì)主義　miracle n．奇跡 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此處指點蠟燭。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Hanukkah(光明節(jié))”可推知，節(jié)日是用來慶祝的。 3．B　根據(jù)語境“l(fā)ess than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此處表示東西的價格，故用介詞for。 4．C　結(jié)合語境“My children didnt ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子們并不挑剔，很喜歡拿到的禮物。 5．D　結(jié)合下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，作者保持那個傳統(tǒng)很多年。 6．B　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新變化。 7．A　根據(jù)語境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，兒子要組建一臺電腦，要作者去買零配件。 8．C　根據(jù)下文的“And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。 9．D　很明顯，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子感到難過。upset“難過”。 10．A　很明顯，作者在不斷地給兒子講道理，說明節(jié)日的意義。 11．D　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D項burn“燃燒，發(fā)亮”符合語境。 12．B　固定搭配be proud of意為“以……為傲，為……而自豪”，符合語境。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，兒子不為所動，堅持自己的要求。 14．C　根據(jù)“obsessions(迷戀的物)”可推知，兒子陷入迷戀的事物之中，已經(jīng)失控。out of control“失控”。 15．D　很明顯，作者應(yīng)對有特殊需求的兒子有些棘手。challenging “挑戰(zhàn)性的”。 16．C　根據(jù)“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那樣發(fā)展。work out“成功地發(fā)展”。 17．B　根據(jù)語境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此處的語氣表示肯定、贊賞，故選B。 amazing“了不起的”。 18．A　根據(jù)上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，節(jié)日期間作者一家點蠟燭慶祝。 19．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故選B。as“因為”。 20．D　與語境中的“negative”形成對比可知，此處表示把負面要求變成積極要求。positive“積極的”。 ***短文改錯。 It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three reason for it. First of all, there are so many exams. Beside, the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy. The last reason is to please our parents and teachers. For some students, low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing. In my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong. We should take positive attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good. 答案： It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three for it. First of all, there are so many exams. ， the exams given are in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because they are too lazy. The last reason is to please parents and teachers. For some students, low marks them great pressure and make them . In my opinion, cheating in exams wrong. We should take positive attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark is true as well as good. 難項分析： 第五處：our→their　考查代詞。根據(jù)上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此處應(yīng)該用their。 第七處：depressing→depressed　考查非謂語動詞。此處depressed是描述人的主觀心理的形容詞，作賓語補足語。 第八處：are→is　考查主謂一致。動名詞短語(cheating in exams)作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故用is。 ***