2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 2 Cloning 一、閱讀理解。 In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don’t. About 65% of American men aged 62－74 with a professional degree are in the workforce(勞動(dòng)人口), pared with 32% of men who only finish high school. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the welleducated wealthy and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the ines of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(長(zhǎng)壽) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift(變化) will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling(漸增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. Policies are partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Even the betteroff must work longer to have a fortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap(獲得) rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding(先前的) generation. Technological change may well reinforce(強(qiáng)化) that shift: the skills that plement(補(bǔ)充) puters, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有專業(yè)技能的人的工作年限更長(zhǎng)及其原因分析。 1．What is the mon phenomenon in the workforce in rich countries? A．Younger people are replacing the elderly. B．Welleducated people tend to work longer. C．People with no college degree cannot find any job. D．Unemployment rates are decreasing year after year. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句“In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don’t.”可知，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，受過(guò)良好教育的人的工作年限更長(zhǎng)，故選B。 2．In view of the experience of the 20th century, many observers predict that ． A．economic growth will slow down B．government budgets will decrease C．more people will try to receive higher education D．there will be more petition in the job market A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(長(zhǎng)壽) ... pensioners will create government budget problems.”可知，選A。 3．According to the text, what is the result of policy changes in European countries? A．Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B．More and more people have to go abroad to hunt for jobs. C．People may be able to use puters to do more plicated work. D．Even wealthy people must work longer to live fortably in retirement. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Even the betteroff must work longer to have a fortable retirement.”可知，歐洲國(guó)家政策的變化導(dǎo)致富有的人也必須工作更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能過(guò)上舒服的退休生活，故選D。 4．The underlined word “knowhow” in the last paragraph probably refers to “ ”． A．a(chǎn) pletely different environment B．practical knowledge and technical skills C．a(chǎn) better understanding of policy changes D．the courage to face difficulties and dangers B　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Technological change may well reinforce(強(qiáng)化) that shift: the skills that plement(補(bǔ)充) puters, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.”可知，knowhow是對(duì)skills的限定修飾，由此可推知，knowhow指相應(yīng)的技能和知識(shí)，故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．She was forced ________ (retire) early from teaching because of ill health. 答案：to retire　be forced to do ... “被迫做……”；retire “退休”。 2．Many local people ________(object) to the building of the new airport. 答案：objected　object to ... “反對(duì)……”。 3．It wont make much ________(differ) whether you go today or tomorrow. 答案：difference　由空前的much可知應(yīng)填名詞difference。make a/no/some/much difference 表示“有/沒(méi)有/有些/有很大影響/作用/關(guān)系”。 4．He owes his success more ________luck than ________ ability. 答案：to; to　owe ... to ... “把……歸功于……”。 5．Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden________ (drink) it when they drive a car. 答案：to drink　be forbidden to do ... “被禁止做某事”。 6．________(strike) by strong snowstorms, the area faced a severe water and electricity shortage. 答案：Struck　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在該句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。 7．The question ________will take his place is still not clear. 答案：who　who引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的人”，從句說(shuō)明question的內(nèi)容。 8．The advantage is ________the cost of this method is low. 答案：that　設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句在從句中不作成分，無(wú)語(yǔ)義，只起連接作用，故填that。 9．I cant ________(undertake) that you will win in the election. 答案：undertake　由空前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。I cant undertake that ... “我無(wú)法承諾……”。 10．You can use my puter on condition ________ you return it tomorrow. 答案：that　on condition that ... “條件是……；只要……”。 三、完形填空。 My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter __1__，so I just set it up for her and let her __2__ with it on her own. As time went on，I __3__ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and __5__ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment __6__ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite __7__.The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to __8__ it off.She had tried __9__ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just __10__ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to __11__ the puter up.What she did was to __12__ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the __13__ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny __14__.The more I laughed the __15__ she got. She thought that I was a(n)__16__ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her __17__ of breaking something and encouraged her to __18__ a little. About a week later，I found a homemade __19__ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face __20__ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.” 1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledge C．technology D．history 2．A.watch B．train C．play D．see 3．A.found B．heard C．thought D．ignored 4．A.why B．when C．how D．where 5．A.learned B．described C．explained D．discussed 6．A.and B．but C．because D．since 7．A.amusing B．relaxed C．interesting D．discouraged 8．A.get B．break C．cut D．turn 9．A.hitting B．feeling C．changing D．removing 10．A.hang B．shake C．rub D．push 11．A.clean B．wake C．bring D．take 12．A.put up B．cut off C．pick up D．put away 13．A.screen B．curtain C．cover D．window 14．A.adjustment B．imitation C．expression D．a(chǎn)ction 15．A.ruder B．happier C．a(chǎn)ngrier D．better 16．A.impatient B．humorous C．careful D．helpful 17．A.sadness B．pressure C．fear D．depression 18．A.reply B．observe C．a(chǎn)nswer D．experiment 19．A.inviting B．greeting C．shopping D．birthday 20．A.appeared B．stuck C．bined D．printed 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】該文主要講述了作者教退休的母親玩電腦的有趣故事。 1．B　根據(jù)下文中的“She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母親對(duì)電腦所知甚少，此處指電腦知識(shí)(knowledge)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者給母親一臺(tái)自己的舊電腦是讓退休的母親自己玩。play with...“玩……”。 3．A　隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)電腦幾乎沒(méi)被碰過(guò)。 4．C　根據(jù)下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母親并不知道怎么(how)使用電腦，于是作者決定教她。 5．C　根據(jù)空處前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者給母親講解(explained)了相關(guān)的電腦知識(shí)。 6．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞and，表示“然后，接著”。 7．D　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，感到很泄氣(discouraged)。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序)had appeared”及常識(shí)可推知，電腦出現(xiàn)屏幕保護(hù)程序，母親不知道怎么把它關(guān)掉。turn off“關(guān)掉”。 9．A　根據(jù)空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母親因?yàn)椴欢迷趺搓P(guān)掉屏幕保護(hù)程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一個(gè)鍵。 10．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者教母親稍微晃動(dòng)(shake)鼠標(biāo)即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。 11．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者是讓母親移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)，喚醒電腦。wake up“喚醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母親聽(tīng)了作者的話就把鼠標(biāo)拿起來(lái)(pick up)，在空中搖晃。 13．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，拿著鼠標(biāo)亂晃，結(jié)果電腦屏幕(screen)全黑了。 14．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者被母親搞笑的行為(action)給逗樂(lè)了。 15．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者越笑，母親越生氣(angrier)。 16．A　根據(jù)空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身為老師的母親對(duì)作者教自己玩電腦這件事很有看法，認(rèn)為作者沒(méi)有耐心(impatient)。 17．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者幫助母親走出了害怕(fear)損壞東西的陰影，鼓勵(lì)母親再嘗試一下。 18．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。experiment“嘗試”，符合語(yǔ)境。 19．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，母親自己制作了一張賀卡(greeting card) ，對(duì)作者表示感謝。 20．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指卡片貼在了作者的門上。stick to...意為“粘/貼在……”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The story he told the police differed in the one he told his mother. ____________________________________________________ 答案：in→from　differ from ... “和……不同”。 2．Owed to her assistance, we succeeded in starting the engine. _____________________________________________________ 答案：Owed→Owing　owing to ... “因?yàn)椤?；由于……”，為固定用法? 3．It suddenly struck to me that we should make a new plan. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉to　It strikes sb. that ... “某人突然想起……”。 4．My mother makes a promise if I passed the exam, she would buy me a watch. ____________________________________________________ 答案：promise后加that　該句為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，that雖不作成分，但也不能省略。 5．Encouraging by the speech, the young man made up his mind to take up the struggle. ____________________________________________________ 答案：Encouraging→Encouraged　主語(yǔ)the young man 與encourage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 五、短文改錯(cuò) Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others，but he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood. He often teaches us how to write stories and encourages me about his own experience.He told to me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he has a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulty.Finally，he entered a university in that he wrote many story books.Up till now，aging only forty，he has been very famous around the country. 【答案】 Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others， he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood. He often teaches how to write stories and encourages me his own experience.He told me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he a dream to bee a famous writer.He worked and overcame thousands of .Finally，he entered a university in he wrote many story books.Up till now， only forty，he has been very famous around the country. 第一處：ready后加to?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。be ready to do sth.為固定用法，意為“準(zhǔn)備好做某事；樂(lè)于做某事”。 第二處：but改為and/so。考查連詞。Mike樂(lè)于助人，因此他在社區(qū)很受歡迎。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用and/so連接兩個(gè)并列分句。 第三處：us改為me?？疾榇~。第二段談及的都是Mike與作者本人之間的事，所以u(píng)s改為me。 第四處：about改為with?？疾榻樵~。Mike用他自己的經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)作者。with在此意為“以，使用”。 第五處：刪除to。考查介詞。tell sb.sth.為固定用法，意為“告訴某人某事”。 第六處：has改為had?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的As a little boy可知，此處敘述的是過(guò)去的事，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第七處：hardly改為hard?？疾楦痹~。Mike學(xué)習(xí)努力，克服了很多困難。hard“努力地”，符合語(yǔ)境。hardly意為“幾乎不”。 第八處：difficulty改為difficulties?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)句中的thousands of可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第九處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為university，關(guān)系詞作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，所以用“in which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 第十處：aging改為aged。考查形容詞。aged為形容詞，意為“……歲”，符合語(yǔ)境。