I摘 要本設計課題為汽車轉向系統(tǒng)的設計，課題以機械式轉向系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)球式轉向器設計及校核、整體式轉向梯形機構的設計及驗算為中心。首先對汽車轉向系進行概述，二是作設計前期數(shù)據(jù)準備，三是轉向器形式的選擇以及初定各個參數(shù)，四是循環(huán)球式轉向器的主要部件進行受力分析與數(shù)據(jù)校核，五是對整體式轉向梯形機構的設計以及驗算，并根據(jù)梯形數(shù)據(jù)對轉向傳動機構作尺寸設計。最后，利用軟件AUTOCAD完成轉向梯形和轉向器的設計圖紙。轉向器在設計中選用的是循環(huán)球式齒條齒扇轉向器，在對轉向器的設計中，包括了螺桿—鋼球—螺母傳動副的設計和齒條—齒扇傳動副的設計，前者是基于參照同類汽車，確定出鋼球中心距，設計出一系列的尺寸，而后者則是根據(jù)汽車前軸的載荷來確定出齒扇模數(shù)，再由此設計出所有參數(shù)的。轉向梯形的設計選用的是整體式轉向梯形，本文在設計中借鑒同類汽車轉向梯形設計的經(jīng)驗尺寸對轉向梯形進行尺寸初選。運用了優(yōu)化計算工具 Matlab 進行設計及驗算。Matlab 強大的計算功能以及簡單的程序語法，使設計在參數(shù)變更時得到快捷而可靠的數(shù)據(jù)分析和直觀的二維曲線圖,使轉向梯形基本滿足設計要求。關鍵詞：轉向系 轉向器 轉向梯形 2AbstractThe title of this topic is the design of steering system. Recirculating-ball steering of Mechanical steering system and integrated Steering trapezoid mechanism gear to the design as the center. Firstly make an overview of the Steering System. Secondly take a preparation of the data of the design. Thirdly, make a choice of the steering form and determine the primary parameters and design the structure of Rack and pinion steering. Fourthly, Stress analysis and data checking of Recirculating-ball the steering. Fifthly, design of Steering trapezoid mechanism, according to the trapezoidal data make an analysis and design of Steering linkage. and finally, the use of AUTOCAD software and the steering gear steering linkage to complete the design drawings.Steering the ball of choice is the cycle of fan-type steering gear rack teeth, in the design of steering gear, including a screw - Ball - Vice-nut drive the design and rack - fan drive gear pair design, the former is based on the reference to similar vehicles, to determine the center distance of the ball, the design of a series of size, while the latter is based on the vehicle front axle load to determine the fan module out of gear, and then all of the resulting design parameters.Steering linkage design is a whole selection of steering trapezoid, the paper design is used in car steering linkage from a similar experience in the design of the size of the steering linkage to the primary size. In the design of integrated Steering trapezoid mechanism the computational tools Matlab had been used to Design and Checking of the data. The powerful computing and Intuitive charts of the Matlab can give us Accurate and quickly data. Make the steering trapezoid basic meet the design requirementskey words：steering system steering gear steering trapezium 3目 錄摘 要 .IAbstractII1 緒論 11.1 純機械式轉向系統(tǒng) 11.2 液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng) 11.3 汽車電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)(EPS) 21.4 線控轉向系統(tǒng) 21.5 結束語 32 初選參數(shù) .52.1 整車參數(shù) 52.2 底盤參數(shù) 52.3 發(fā)動機參數(shù) 63 轉向系設計概述 73.1 對轉向系的要求 73.2 轉向操縱機構 73.3 轉向傳動機構 83.4 轉向器 93.5 轉角及最小轉彎半徑 94 汽車轉向系方案的選擇 114.1 轉向系主要性能參數(shù) 114.1.1 轉向系的效率 114.1.2 傳動比變化特性 124.1.3 轉向器傳動副的傳動間隙 154.1.4 轉向盤的總轉動圈數(shù) 154.2 轉向系的選擇 154.3 機械式轉向器的選擇 164.3.1 齒輪齒條式轉向器 164.3.2 循環(huán)球式轉向器 164.3.3 蝸桿滾輪式轉向器 184.3.4 蝸桿指銷式轉向器 184.4 轉向梯形的選擇 185 轉向系的設計計算 205.1 轉向器的結構型式選擇及其設計計算 205.1.1 螺桿—鋼球— 螺母傳動副的設計 205.1.2 齒條、齒扇傳動副的設計 255.2 循環(huán)球式轉向器零件強度計算 295.3 轉向搖臂軸直徑的確定 336 整體式轉向梯形結構優(yōu)化設計 346.1 整體式轉向梯形機構數(shù)學模型分析 346.2 基于 Matlab 的整體式轉向梯形機構優(yōu)化設計 3746.2.1 轉向梯形機構的優(yōu)化概況 376.2.2 轉向梯形機構設計思路 386.3 轉向系結構元件 39致 謝 42參考文獻 43附錄 基于 Matlab 的轉向梯形機構設計程序 44