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英文原文（三）
At present mold technology development tendency current
Industrial production characteristic is the product variety many, renews quick and the market competition is intense. In this kind of situation, the user the request which makes to the mold is "the date of delivery short", "the precision high", "the quality good", "the price is low". The mold technology development will be supposed to adapt with these requests).
（1） comprehensively will push in the mold design manufacture CAD/CAM/CAE the technique mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology, is a mold technological development important milestone. The practice proved that, the mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology is the mold design manufacture development direction. Now, comprehensively popularizes the CAD/CAM/CAE technology the condition basically to be mature. Along with the microcomputer software development and the progress, the technical training work also day by day simplify. In in the popularization promotion mold CAD/CAM technology process, should hold the opportunity, key support domestic product mold software development and application; Enlarges technical training and technical service dynamics; Further expands the CAE technology the application scope. Has the condition the enterprise to be supposed positively to complete the mold CAD/CAM technology the deepened application work, namely the development enterprise information project, may from CAPP PDM CIMS VR, gradually deepen and the enhancement. Uses in mold design manufacture computer software, to the intellectualization, the integrated direction will develop.
（2） fast prototype system （RPM）and the correlation technology will obtain well Sends Fast prototype system （RPM） the technology is US first promotes. It is following, is one kind of brand-new manufacture technology which the computer technology, the laser forming technology and the new material technology development produces, is/piles up (namely the material tired )potential forming thought based on the novel separate, according to the components CAD model, fast automatically completes the complex three dimensional entity (model) to make. The RPM technology is the collection precision machinery manufacture, the computer, the NC technology, the laser forming technology and the materials science most recent development high tech technology, is recognized after is continues the NC technology a technological revolution.
The RPM technology may be direct or indirectly use in the mold manufacture. First is firmly conceals SLA through the three-dimensional light), folds the level solid system (LOM), the laser electoral district agglutinates (SLS), three dimensional hits minister 3D-P), fuses deposits FDM) and so on the different method to obtain the workpiece prototype. Then through some traditional fast pattern making methods, obtains the long life the metal mold or the nonmetallic low life mold. Mainly has the precision casting BR powder metallurgy, the electrolytic casting and the melt shoots (hotly spurts drips and so on the method. This method pattern making, has technological advance, the cost lower, the design manufacture cycle is short, the precision suitable medium characteristic, to the manufacture completes from the mold conceptual design, only is the tradition processing method needs the time dish 1/3 and about cost 1/4.Therefore, the fast pattern making technology and the fast prototype manufacture technology union, will be the traditional fast pattern making technology further thorough development direction. Makes the prototype after the RPM technology, or uses the material object, the use to revolve casts makes the mold with the rubber to be possible fast, the low cost to make the small batch components, the prospects for development is very good. The RPM technology also may solve the graphite electrode pressure vibration (to grind) center the female mold (electrode to grind has) makes the difficult question, causes this law to obtain the new student. The Qingdao Haire mold limited company has also constructed based on RE (the reversion project technique /RPM mold parallel development system, has the development quality high, the development cost low and the development cycle is short and so on the merit.
（3） the fast cut processing will obtain a more widespread application The overseas recent years developed the high speed cut processing, the main axle rotational speed might 40000-100000r/min, be quick speed may reach for the speed stabs 0-40r/min, the acceleration may reach 1g, traded the knife time to be possible to enhance 1-2s. Like this large scale enhanced the processing efficiency, and may obtain the processing surface roughness. Moreover, but also may processdegree of hardness 60HRC the module, has formed to the electric spark forming processing challenge. The high-speed cutting processing and the tradition machining compares also has lowly (the processing work piece only to rise , the thermal deformation is small and so on the merit. At present it to higher has been agile, the intellectualization, the integrated direction develops. High speed cut must with corresponding software, the processing craft, the cutting tool and its clamps to coordinate. The high speed cut processing technology development, promoted the mold processing technology development, to the automobile, in the electrical appliances profession the large-scale cavity mold manufacture has specially poured into the new vigor.
（4） The mold rapid scanning and the digitized system will display in the reversion project does in a big way。The high speed scanner and the mold sweeping system, obtained the application in our country more than 200 molds factories spot, obtains the good effect. This system has provided scans from the model or the material object to processes many functions which the expectation the model needs, greatly reduced the mold in the development manufacture cycle. Some rapid scannings system, but fast installs in already the numerical control milling machine and in the processing center which has, with leini Shao's SP2-1 scanning measured the realization fast data acquisition, the gathering data may automatically produce each different numerical control system through software the processing procedure and the different form CAD data, uses in the mold manufacturing industry "the reversion project". High speed scanner scanning velocity most Gao Ke3 m/min, greatly reduced the mold manufacture cycle。 Because the mold sweeping system in profession and so on automobile, motorcycle, electrical appliances has achieved success the application, believed will play the major role in the period of the first five-year plan. The reversion project and the parallel project will play the more and more vital role in the next mold production.
（5） The electric spark cut processing technology will obtain the development The electric spark cut processing technology also is called the electric spark to create the processing technology, this is one substitution tradition with takes shape the electrode processing cavity new technology, it has the simple tubular electrode which high speed revolves to make three dimensional or the two-dimensional outline processing (likes the numerical control mill one) , therefore no longer needs to make complex takes shape the electrode, this obviously is the electric spark forming processing domain significant development. Overseas had uses this technology the engine bed to apply in the mold processing. Estimated this technology will obtain the development.
（6）The superfinishing and the compound processing will obtain the development Department and so on aerospace has applied a nanotechnology, must have to have the superelevation precision the mold manufacture superelevation precision components. Along with the mold to is precise and the large-scale direction develops, processing precision ultra 1mu technology and so on m superfinishing technology and collection electricity, chemistry, ultrasonic wave, laser synthesizes in the together compound processing will obtain the development. Will have both two kind of above crafts characteristics the compound processing technology to have broad front Pu in the next mold manufacture.
（7）The hot flow channel technology will obtain the promotion Because uses the hot flow channel technology the mold to be possible to enhance workpiece the productivity and the quality, and can large scale save the workpiece the raw material and saves the energy, therefore widely applies this technology is a plastic mold big transformation. Overseas hot flow channel technology development very quick, many plastics molds factory production mold had one partly uses the hot flow channel technology, some factories 8% above, the effect extremely has been even obvious. The home in the last few years started to promote the application, but the overall cannot achieve 10%, the individual enterprise has achieved about 30%. Draws up the hot flow channel primary device the national standard, positively produces the moderate price high grade primary device, is develops the hot flow channel technology key.
（8）Gas assistance craft and so on injection technology and high-pressured injection forming further will send.The gas assistance injection forming is one kind of plastic forming new craft, it has the injection pressure low, the product warp distorts young, the surface quality good as well as is easy to form merit and so on wall thickness difference bigger product, may in under the guarantee product quality premise, large scale reduce the cost. Overseas quite has been mature. Domestic at present gradually is promoting the use in the automobile and in the electrical appliances profession. The gas assistance injection forming package takes the BR plastic melt body injection friendly to cause generally to use the nitrogen) to inject forms two parts, has the more crafts parameter compared to the traditional ordinary injection craft to need to determine and to control, moreover the gas assistance injection commonly used to a more complex large-scale product, the mold design and the control difficulty is bigger, therefore, development gas assistance forming flow analysis software, appears extremely importantly 。 In order to guarantee the plastic precision, will continue to study the development high pressure injection forming craft and the mold as well as the injection compression takes shape the craft and the mold. In the injection forming, affects the forming precision the biggest factor forms the contraction. The high-pressured injection forming may force the tree shrinkage, the increase plastic size stability. The mold request rigidity is good, bears the high pressure. Specially the precision mold the cavity should quench, is dense：A. The forming partial planted agent manages slightly; B. May obtain the shrink hole few thick walls forming; C. Regarding models a narrow part also to be possible to pour into the resin; D. Can obtain the fine product with the small injection strength. This kind of mold ideal mold structure is: A. When injection resin by low flow resistance rapidly filling cavity; B. After fills can interdict the pouring oral area immediately. C. The compressibility effect should only the being restricted in cavity department。The metal, the ceramic powder injection forming craft process "75", "85" the technical attack, "95" starts the industry. This craft is suitable for the manufacture geometry shape complex, precise and has the special request small zero to imitate（0.2-200 ）, production efficiency high, is easy to realize the mass production. Will
coordinate this craft the mold to send along with this craft development.
（9）The mold hydroform technology further will develop should The hydroform craft is the mold rises one craft method which the shape technology uses, in the past and so in the similar product obtained the widespread application in the belt pulley, at present this technology has developed the automobile profession, used its technological process in the automobile spare part production is: Using the fitting or in two steel plates between, under the seal condition, through pours into the high-pressure oil, causes it the cavity to suppress according to the mold needs the shape the workpiece. This method simplified the mold structure and reduced the vice- number, overcame the material has seriously changed the thin condition in the convention forming process, improved the product quality, large scale reduced the production cost. Presently the Shanghai volkswagenwerk's B5 vehicle type product uses this craft to become 。 But as a result of the formed craft limit, certain curving changed the big component along the ordinate axis section still not to be suitable. Moreover, lies between the forming bribes the high pressure along to transmit between the plate or the fitting introduction question, solved not very is still satisfied. Therefore waits for further develops this craft, obtains the development in more domains to be supposed.
（10） The mold standardization degree unceasingly will enhance Our country mold standardization degree unceasingly is enhancing, estimated present our country mold standard letter use putor has reached stabs about 30%. The overseas developed country generally is about 80%. In order to adapt the mold industrial development, the mold standardization work will certainly to strengthen, the mold standardization degree further will enhance, the mold standard letter production also will will certainly to obtain the development.
(11) in order to adapt to the mold life request, the high quality material and the advanced surface treatment technology further will receive heavily In the entire mold price constitution, the material accounts for the proportion not to be big, generally between 10%-30%, therefore selects the high quality steel products and the application corresponding surface treatment technology enhances the mold the life to appear extremely essential. As for the molding tool steel that, must use the electricity dregs heavy melt craft, diligently enhances the steel the purity, dengxian, sends the density and uniform and the development high performance or the special performance molding tool steel. If uses the powder metallurgy craft manufacture the powder high-speed steel and so on. The powder high-speed steel solved carbide which in the original high-speed steel smelting process produced to be thick and the segregation, thus influence material quality question. Its carbide tiny, organization even, does not have the material directivity, therefore it has toughness high, rubs truncates the technology capability well, the resistance to wear is high, the elder uses the size steadily to grade the characteristic, is one kind has the development future very much the steel products. Specially complex flushes and the high speed ramming mold to the shape, its superiority is more prominent. This kind of steel products also are suitable to the injection take shape the increase glass fiber or the metal powder reinforced plastics mold, like cavity, shape core, jiaoko and so on major component. Moreover, the molding tool steel variety specification diversification, the product concentrated feed, the product, reduces supplies goods the time also is the important direction as far as possible. Other high quality mold material like hard alloy,ceramic material, compound material and so on expanded application, also isextremely important 。Mold heat treatment and surface treatment whether can fully display the molding tool steel material performance the essential link. The mold heat treatment development direction uses the vacuum heat treatment. The mold surface treatment eliminates consummates the popularization common surface processing method, namely expands infiltrates for example: The cementation, intan, inpen, inluo, infiltrates outside the vanadium, should develop the equipment to be expensive, the craft advanced gas phase deposition (TiN, TiC ), the plasma spurts spreads and so on the technique.
Because the aluminum alloy material weight light, the cutting value good, the heat conduction daodianlv high, the welding performance is fine, makes the mold material with it to be possible to reduce the pattern making cycle and reduces the mold cost, also uses in the plastic mold to be possible 10,0000above lives, therefore carries on the high-speed cutting with the aluminum alloy to manufacture the fast economical mold to obtain a more widespread use in the world, our country also started to use. Estimated from now on will be able to obtain a quicker development .
（12）The mold will grind polishes to the automation, the intellectualizeddirection develops
The mold surface precision work is in the mold processing has not been ableone of very good solution difficult problems. The mold surface quality to mold aspect and so on service life, workpiece outward appearance quality had a more tremendous influence, our country at present still to the handwork grinds polishes primarily, not only the efficiency low (approximately composed the entire mold cycle dish1 /3), also the worker labor intensity was big, the quality was unstable, has restricted our country mold processing to the higher level development. Therefore, the research polishes the automation, the intellectualization are the important development tendency. Japan has developed the numerical control grinder, may realize the three dimensional curved surface mold automation to grind polishes. Moreover, because the mold cavity shape is complex, any kind grinds polishes the method all to have the certain limitation.Should specially pay attention to the development to grind with polishes the method,like the extrusion grinds, the electrochemistry polishes, supersonic polishes as well as compound polishes the craft and the equipment, improves the mold surface quality.
（13） Mold automatic processing system development and development Along with each kind of new technical rapid development, overseas appeared the mold automatic processing system. This also is our country long term development goal. The mold automatic processing system should have the following characteristic:Many engine beds reasonable combination; Has accompanies to locate the jig or to locate the plate; Has the integrity the machines and tools, the cutting tool numerical control storehouse; Has the integrity the numerical control flexible synchronous system; Has the quality to monitor the control system department.
（14） The hypothesized technology will obtain the development. The computer and the network development is causing the hypothesized technology possibly to become. The hypothesized technology may form the hypothesized spatial environment, the realization hypothesized cooperation design, the manufacture, the cooperation research development, until establishment hypothesized enterprise. "95" the period mold profession started to explore regarding this, the period of the first five-year plan should have the development.
（15） Faces, high speed, comfortable, the style development along with the automobile, the automobile body mold on the one hand must adapt the new automobile body manufacture material （like aluminum alloy, the plastic and so on）, on the other hand must to large-scale, the complication and the high accuracy direction develops in order to is better unifies with the automobile body production, mold production department besides mold design manufacture, but also must simultaneously do well the development, the coordination body design, the paper vehicle manufacture, the technological design and so on each link. Therefore the request enterprise has a higher overall quality and the comprehensive level.
譯文（三）
目前模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
當(dāng)前，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的特點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)品品種多、更新快和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。在這種情況下，用戶對(duì)模具制造的要求是“交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質(zhì)量好”、“價(jià)格低”。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該與這些要求相適應(yīng)。
（1）在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造中將全面推廣
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