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外文資料
China's machinery automation technology development road
Automation technology in this century has been extremely rapid development and impact of one of the great science and technology. Modern automation technology is a completely new kind of productivity, create social wealth is a direct one of the major means of human activities and the production of material plays a great role in promoting. Therefore, automation technology by the extensive attention of all countries in the world and more and more applications.
Machinery automation, mainly in machine manufacturing industry in the application of automation technology, to achieve the targets of processing for automated production, the optimal and effective automated production process, production inputs to accelerate the processing speed of transformation and mobility. Machinery automation technology and application development, technological transformation is the mechanical manufacturing industry, the primary means of technological progress and technological development, the main direction. Machinery automation technology standards, not only affect the development of the whole machinery industry, but also for national economic departments of the great technological progress has a direct impact on. Therefore, the development of China's machinery manufacturing automation technology, in line with the basic principles of socialism in our country, in line with China's laws governing the development of modern production. How the development of China's machinery automation technology, there are technical policy issues, should seek truth from facts, all from China's specific national condition, to fulfill all the basic work, taking China's machinery automation technology development.
1. Combination of China's national conditions, the development of modern machinery automation technology
Domestic and foreign industrial development history tells us that the realization of automated machinery is a junior to senior, from simple to complex, from imperfect to improve the process of development. When the operation of automatic machine controller, the mode of production to gradually transition from mechanization to mechanical control automation,digital control automation, computer-controlled automation. Only by establishing an automated factory, the production process can be completely automated, can improve the overall productivity, to automate the senior ideal stage.
2. with the actual production, focus on practical development of machinery automation technology.
Advanced manufacturing technology is the essence of all applications. The development of machinery automation technology, enterprises should be the production and technological development and the actual needs of specific conditions as a guide. Only the right products in line with the use of automated production, to receive a good social and economic benefits and cost-effective technology. China's development machinery automation technology, in combination with reality, focus on practical, that is a real benefit to the national economy.
3. Development of less investment and quick, low-cost automation technology
The development of low-cost automation technology, great potential, broad prospects for investment and quick to raise the degree of automation, can receive the economic multiplier effect for our country's development needs and national conditions.
Foreign low-cost development of machinery manufacturing automation technology experience is useful. China's machinery manufacturing enterprises have a great deal of common equipment, machinery automation in the development of modern technology, if the original equipment-based, rationally adjust the machine layout, add a small amount of CNC equipment, the introduction of CAD / CAM technology, give full play to computer Management of the advantages of automation and human creativity, together constitute a people-centred, as the guide to information automation, and establish autonomous unit of production systems for China's machinery manufacturing automation technology application development has provided a small investment, quick, effective , In line with China's national conditions of the machinery automation technology, new ways of development.
4. basis do a good job, pay attention to supporting the development of machinery automation technology
Modern automation technology in the manufacture of machinery is in control theory, under the guidance of the production logistics and the role of a comprehensive study, involving machinery technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control theory and computer technology. The development of machinery automation technology, must be the main concern electronics, computer technology, machine tool parts detection and automated loading, widely used procedures CNC machine tools, and the development of efficient and reliable automated production lines, used in the production of computer information systems and automation Control systems. The development of applications for machine automation technology, automation technology solid grasp of the basic work of the project and proceed from reality in the promotion and application of work, it is necessary to the development of host, but also supporting the development of components and automated control systems. Programmable logic controller, the microprocessor, various sensors, the new tool, control systems and system software, computers and other electronic machinery automation in the future will be the main technical basis.
To sum up, China's machinery manufacturing development of automation technology, not only to the high starting point, aimed at advanced world standards, including the international field has showed Fengmang some of the new technology, and must include flexible low-cost, quick Automation technology, adhere to and improve the integration of the universal principle of China's machinery automation technology to the healthy development of applications on high-speed, high-quality and cost-effective way. No one in China to complete the plant will probably not the main machinery manufacturing development model nor the machinery automation technology, the development of applications for urgent matter. This is China's machinery automation technology development.
中文翻譯：
中國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路
自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是本世紀(jì)以來發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力，是直接創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的主要手段之一，對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動(dòng)作用。因此，自動(dòng)化技術(shù)受到世界各國(guó)的廣泛重視和越來越多的應(yīng)用。
機(jī)械自動(dòng)化，主要指在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)加工對(duì)象的連續(xù)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)過程，加快生產(chǎn)投入物的加工變換和流動(dòng)速度。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)，不僅影響整個(gè)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門的技術(shù)進(jìn)步有很大的直接影響。因此，發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，符合我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的基本原則，符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。
如何發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，這里有個(gè)技術(shù)政策問題，應(yīng)實(shí)事求是，一切從我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情出發(fā)，做好各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作，走中國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路。
1.結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)情，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)
國(guó)內(nèi)外的工業(yè)發(fā)展史告訴我們，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化是一個(gè)由低級(jí)到高級(jí)、由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜、由不完善到完善的發(fā)展過程。當(dāng)機(jī)器的操作采用自動(dòng)控制器后，生產(chǎn)方式才從機(jī)械化逐步過渡到機(jī)械控制（傳統(tǒng)）自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字控制自動(dòng)化、計(jì)算機(jī)控制自動(dòng)化。只有建立了自動(dòng)化工廠后，生產(chǎn)過程才能全盤自動(dòng)化，才能使生產(chǎn)率全面提高，達(dá)到自動(dòng)化的高級(jí)理想階段。
2.結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，注重實(shí)用發(fā)展機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)
先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的全部真諦在于應(yīng)用。發(fā)展機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，應(yīng)以企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和技術(shù)發(fā)展的實(shí)際需要及具體條件為導(dǎo)向。只有對(duì)合適的產(chǎn)品采用與之相適應(yīng)的自動(dòng)化方式進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，才能收到良好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。我國(guó)發(fā)展機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，應(yīng)結(jié)合實(shí)際，注重實(shí)用，即對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效益。
3.發(fā)展投資少、見效快的低成本自動(dòng)化技術(shù)
發(fā)展低成本自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，潛力大，前景廣，投資省，見效快，提高自動(dòng)化程度，可以收到事半功倍的經(jīng)濟(jì)效果，適合我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的發(fā)展需要和國(guó)情。
借鑒國(guó)外發(fā)展機(jī)械制造業(yè)低成本自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是有益的。我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)各企業(yè)有大量的通用設(shè)備，在發(fā)展現(xiàn)代機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)時(shí)，若以原有的設(shè)備為主，合理調(diào)整機(jī)床布局，添加少量的數(shù)控設(shè)備，引入CAD／CAM技術(shù)，充分發(fā)揮計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化管理的優(yōu)勢(shì)和人的創(chuàng)造性，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)以人為中心、以信息自動(dòng)化為先導(dǎo)、樹立自主的單元化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，為我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展應(yīng)用提供了一條投資少、見效快、效益高、符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展應(yīng)用新途徑。
4.抓好基礎(chǔ)，注重配套發(fā)展機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)
現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化技術(shù)在機(jī)械制造中的應(yīng)用就是在控制理論的指導(dǎo)下，對(duì)生產(chǎn)的物流和人的作用進(jìn)行綜合的研究，涉及到機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制理論和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等。發(fā)展機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，必須主要地關(guān)注電子學(xué)、電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、零件檢測(cè)和機(jī)床裝料自動(dòng)化，廣泛采用程序數(shù)控機(jī)床，以及研制高效的和可靠的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線、計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)的信息系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)等。發(fā)展應(yīng)用機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，要扎扎實(shí)實(shí)地抓好自動(dòng)化技術(shù)應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)工作和從實(shí)際出發(fā)的推廣應(yīng)用工作，既要發(fā)展主機(jī)，也要配套發(fā)展自動(dòng)化元件及控制系統(tǒng)?？删幊炭刂破?、微處理機(jī)、各種傳感器、新型刀具、控制系統(tǒng)及系統(tǒng)軟件、電子計(jì)算機(jī)等將是今后機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的主要技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
綜上所述，我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)發(fā)展應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，不但要起點(diǎn)高，瞄準(zhǔn)世界先進(jìn)水準(zhǔn)，包括國(guó)際領(lǐng)域內(nèi)已展露鋒芒的某些新技術(shù)，而且必須包括各種靈活的低成本、見效快的自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，堅(jiān)持提高與普及相結(jié)合的方針，我國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展應(yīng)用才能健康地走上高速度、高質(zhì)量和高效益之路。在我國(guó)完成無人化的工廠將恐怕不是機(jī)械制造業(yè)的主要發(fā)展模式，也不是機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展應(yīng)用當(dāng)務(wù)之急的事。這就是中國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路。