江蘇省2019高考英語(yǔ) 第三部分 寫(xiě)作層級(jí)訓(xùn)練 第二步 通覽全局寫(xiě)作分類(lèi)突破 第六講 由“表”析“理”成就圖表類(lèi)寫(xiě)作（講解）.doc

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第六講　由“表”析“理”，成就圖表類(lèi) 寫(xiě)作 一、題型特點(diǎn) 1.圖表類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)常以曲線(xiàn)圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類(lèi)題型具有文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔、要點(diǎn)分散等特征。圖表類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)在近年的高考中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關(guān)于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷(xiāo)售、發(fā)展進(jìn)程等各種項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)計(jì)的示意圖。 2.圖表作文主要是介紹或說(shuō)明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說(shuō)明文。 3.考生應(yīng)按照說(shuō)明文的形式和特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。由于這類(lèi)試題文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地記敘出來(lái)，進(jìn)行清單式的羅列，就會(huì)索然乏味，并且達(dá)不到字?jǐn)?shù)要求。因此，對(duì)于這類(lèi)形式的書(shū)面表達(dá)，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說(shuō)明，弄清楚圖表的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律。 二、寫(xiě)作技巧 1.細(xì)讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號(hào)和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認(rèn)真分析各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認(rèn)真審讀，確定主題 認(rèn)真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結(jié)合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時(shí)，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點(diǎn)明了主題。 3.巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題 引用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明基本趨勢(shì)，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達(dá)時(shí)，既要包含所有要點(diǎn)，但又不能面面俱到。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達(dá)靈活 由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語(yǔ) 和句式進(jìn)行表達(dá)，結(jié)果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語(yǔ)和句式來(lái)表達(dá)。 5.適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，表明觀(guān)點(diǎn) 圖表類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)有時(shí)要求考生在對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析、對(duì)比后，簡(jiǎn)單地談?wù)勛约旱目捶ɑ蛱岢鼋ㄗh，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?，表明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，提出解決問(wèn)題的方法或建議。表述觀(guān)點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以引用人們普遍的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，也可說(shuō)出自己獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解。借題發(fā)揮時(shí)，不可偏離主題，只要把觀(guān)點(diǎn)表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說(shuō)明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short，generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 【典例示范】 (2017江蘇卷)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面有關(guān)我國(guó)電影票房收入(box-office ine)的柱狀圖及相關(guān)文字，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Center. Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see? Su Hua：Whatever.We’re got so many choices，Kung Fu Yoga，Journey to the West……Each sounds great! Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech！... Li Jiang：Perfect！Let’s get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home. Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother：Why bother？We can stay at home and watch films online.It’s convenient with our new and fast network. Son：But it feels good in a cinema. Mother：And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother：But still we cannot get the money’s worth.Some films are just boring... [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容] 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.我國(guó)電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勀愕目捶?上述對(duì)話(huà)僅供參考，原因不少于兩點(diǎn))； 3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)我國(guó)電影票房收入走向的看法，并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由。 [寫(xiě)作要求] 1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)； 3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文1] The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. [參考范文2] As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. 能力提升練1 (2015江蘇卷)請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 1.The other day，a netizen (網(wǎng)民) shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 ments on the social media platform.Despite the thumbs-up (點(diǎn)贊) given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic. 2.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles e and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents bee unavoidable. 3.From 2005 to 2014，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the world’s total vehicles. [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容] 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.結(jié)合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會(huì)規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個(gè)人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 [寫(xiě)作要求] 1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)； 3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives.The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 能力提升練2 (2018江蘇南通市高三檢測(cè)) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面的文字及圖表，然后按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 1.Experts say that when you look up after reading for a long time，you will find the objects in the distance vague.It shows you are getting nearsighted.Other symptoms include dry，burning or itchy(發(fā)癢的)eyes，headaches and neck or shoulder pain.Some people may see double and cannot read for long.Some will keep shutting and opening their eyes.Others rub their eyes frequently. 2.Nearsightedness is often diagnosed in children between 8 and 12 years of age and may worsen during the teen years.Little change may occur between ages 20 to 40，but sometimes nearsightedness may worsen with age. 3.Currently，about 450 million people in China suffer from nearsightedness.The number of nearsighted students from primary schools to universities increases at a rate of 20% every year. [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容] 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.綜合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析導(dǎo)致青少年近視的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從學(xué)校規(guī)范和個(gè)人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 [寫(xiě)作要求] 1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)； 3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] More and more young people are getting nearsighted, which can be determined by some symptoms. The ever-increasing rate of nearsightedness in almost every school throughout China has bee so alarming. For many of young people, it is their routine to be buried in their books from morning till night while others often keep their eyes fixed on the puter or TV. Their eyes are burdened so heavily that they can hardly function normally in the end. What’s worse，every year quite some students cannot go to their ideal colleges or get their dream jobs owing to their poor eyesight. Now it is time that schools took action to protect students’ eyesight by giving them lectures，ensuring proper lighting in classrooms, and limiting their time of reading books or doing exercises. As for me, I will immediately try every possible means to prevent my eyesight from getting weak. 能力提升練3 (2018常州高三調(diào)研)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，某市有85.8%的中學(xué)生說(shuō)自己的字不好看，而他們又不想改善，其理由有很多。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面圖表中的內(nèi)容用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，說(shuō)明該現(xiàn)象并發(fā)表看法。 注意：詞數(shù)150左右。 [參考范文] Nowadays, with the growing popularity of puters, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting. According to a recent survey, 85.8 percent of the middle school students in the city think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5% of them think that they can just use a puter, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with their studies that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless. The rest have other reasons. Writing style often shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future. 能力提升練4 (2018江蘇海安高級(jí)中學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))下面的餅狀圖顯示了某校對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)的新體制，圖表所示的五個(gè)方面構(gòu)成了一個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。假如你是該校學(xué)生，請(qǐng)你以“The New Grading System in Our School”為題用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，給《二十一世紀(jì)英文報(bào)》投稿。 [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容] 1.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖中信息； 2.談?wù)勀銓?duì)這一新舉措的看法并說(shuō)明原因。 [寫(xiě)作要求] 1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)； 3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] The New Grading System in Our School In order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works. Students’ test results, which used to be the only way to evaluate a student in school, make up only 30% of his final score. Instead, how a student performs in class, and how he takes notes and does his homework are also taken into account, each part of which makes up 20%. Besides, teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates. I’m all for the new grading system, which evaluates us students in all fields. By doing so, we students can fully develop our abilities as well as potential on our way to adulthood and can truly make preparations for our future life.