2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Astronomy the science of the stars 一、閱讀理解。 On April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oning traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $ 1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland’s many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world’s flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal(地?zé)岬? energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes，focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　作者把自己遭遇突發(fā)事件和火山爆發(fā)這種自然災(zāi)害進(jìn)行類比，說明遭遇到不幸也有好處，面對現(xiàn)實(shí)情況要樂觀積極。 1．What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010? A．He was involved in a car crash. B．He was stuck in an Iceland’s airport. C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D．He was badly injured on a bike ride. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“The next moment, metal... sent me supermanning toward oning traffic.”可知，一個(gè)馬虎的騎自行車的人撞到了作者，作者遭遇了事故，受傷嚴(yán)重，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A．The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C．Most of the world’s planes were held up. D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed.”可知，艾雅法拉火山爆發(fā)后，全世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)都受到了干擾，即火山的爆發(fā)使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)受損，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A．It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C．It told us to make the best of a given situation. D．It encouraged him to know more about himself. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“After their plan worked... their homes.”并結(jié)合“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.”可推知，我們應(yīng)該充分利用特定的環(huán)境。 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Inspiration from Disasters C．Love for Earth Sciences D．Attitude Toward Nature B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。本文作者通過講述自己遭遇事故和火山爆發(fā)帶來的好處及壞處，告訴人們要積極應(yīng)對現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，所以選B項(xiàng)。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever　whoever “無論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyone who。 2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director. 答案：to　be fundamental to ... “……是……的基礎(chǔ)”。 3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。 4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of. 答案：puzzling　此處形容詞puzzling “令人困惑的”作表語，描述主語paintings的本質(zhì)特征。 5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案：There　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。 6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public. 答案：harmful　此處形容詞harmful “有害的”作表語。 7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light. 答案：to block　此處動詞不定式短語to block out作目的狀語。 8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高興，(使)振作起來”。 9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)． 答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故填動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案：Unlike　根據(jù)語意可知，“并不像”你所猜測的那樣，故填Unlike，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know. __1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the pany of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades. Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation. One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it. In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didnt really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__. Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job. It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel fortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldnt even __16__. Although I now spend much time talking with people，Im still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel disfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But Im also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed. 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape 3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly 4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced 5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out 6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness 7．A.excited B．a(chǎn)stonished C．embarrassed D．interested 8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed 9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．a(chǎn)mazed 11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．a(chǎn)pplicant 12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since 13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．fortable D．challenging 14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers 15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．paring 16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see 17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart 18．A.look into B．relate to C．bine with D．worry with 19．A.alone B．a(chǎn)live C．a(chǎn)ctive D．a(chǎn)wake 20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream 【解題導(dǎo)語】該文主要講述了害羞的作者通過應(yīng)聘電臺工作而實(shí)現(xiàn)自我突破的故事。 1．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而，作者在學(xué)校里不得不和同學(xué)們相處。 2．D　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在學(xué)校用學(xué)習(xí)來逃避與人交流。 3．C　與語境“by myself”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者一個(gè)人安安靜靜地做功課。 4．B　與語境“with good grades”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上的付出得到了豐厚的回報(bào)，成績突出。 5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最終意識到了和朋友相處是有趣的。hang out“常去某處”。 6．B　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”并結(jié)合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年時(shí)代的害羞個(gè)性還存在。 7．C　根據(jù)“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流時(shí)溝通不順暢是令人尷尬的。 8．A　根據(jù)語境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，這是一則電臺的招募廣告。 10．A　根據(jù)“I had absolutely no background in radio”并結(jié)合下文的“I didnt really want the job”可推知，作者因自己沒有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼應(yīng)。 11．C　作者害怕與成千上萬的聽眾交流，只想證明自己能夠和面試官交談。 12．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了兩周。 13．D　根據(jù)上文可知，這項(xiàng)工作需要與成千上萬的聽眾交流，這對作者來說有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼應(yīng)。 14．A　與上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示作者給聽眾播放音樂。 15．B　與語境“answering their calls”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者回應(yīng)聽眾的要求。 16．D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者應(yīng)聘的是電臺工作，和聽眾們基本上是不見面的。 17．C　根據(jù)“still”的提示并結(jié)合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者盡管現(xiàn)在花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和人們交流，但是本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)不多說話的人，與下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼應(yīng)。 18．B　結(jié)合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能夠理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，認(rèn)同”。 19．A　根據(jù)上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍舊喜歡獨(dú)處。 20．C　根據(jù)語境可推知，作者通過做電臺工作有了重大改變，從而人生有了更多的可能性。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→in　in time for ... “及時(shí)趕上了……”。 2．It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→down　break down “出故障”。 3．She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：of→to　give birth to “分娩；產(chǎn)生”。 4．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out后加for　watch out for sth. “當(dāng)心/密切注意某物”。 5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one. _____________________________________________________ 答案：bigger→big　在比較等級的表達(dá)方式中“as ... as”中，應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞的原級。 五、短文改錯(cuò) I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young at her age.paring with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us answer immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of “why” she leads us! She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. 【答案】　 I have met many teachers since I my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young her age. with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and .In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and problems.What amazing world of “why” she leads us ! She is such a learned person that we all admire very much.