摘 要這次設計主要是將一臺C620型普通車床進行經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控改造設計，由于定位精度高，所以縱、橫向導軌均采用貼塑導軌，傳動系統(tǒng)采用滾珠絲杠，同時，為提高傳動剛度和消除間隙，對絲杠進行預拉伸，傳動齒輪采用雙片錯齒消隙齒輪，驅動元件采用步進電機。為了保證加工螺紋時，主軸轉一轉，刀架移動一個被加工螺紋的螺距或導程，主軸用脈沖發(fā)生器通過波紋管聯(lián)接，并將縱向和橫向進給系統(tǒng)用單片機控制，是其成為一個能獨立運動的開環(huán)進給伺服系統(tǒng)。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用MCS—51系列的8031單片機擴展系統(tǒng)。因為MCS—51系列的單片機具有集成度高、可靠性高、功能強、速度快、抗干擾能力強等優(yōu)點。控制系統(tǒng)由微機部分、鍵盤及顯示器I/O接口及光電隔離電路、步進電機功率放大電路組成。系統(tǒng)的加工程序和控制命令通過鍵盤操作實現(xiàn)，顯示器采用數(shù)碼管，以顯示加工數(shù)據(jù)及機床狀態(tài)等信息。為了達到機床要求的分辨率，傳動系統(tǒng)采用步進電機齒輪減速后，帶動絲杠。設計改造后的經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床具有定位、直線插補、順逆圓弧插補、暫停、循環(huán)加工、公英制螺紋加工等功能，且加工質量穩(wěn)定可靠。零件加工的適應性強，自動化程度高。關鍵詞：車床，數(shù)控，改造，滾珠絲杠AbstractThis design mainly is transforming an ordinary C620 lathe into an economy numerical control, because the accuracy is high, the lead rail uses plastic lead rail; the transmission system uses the ball screw. At the same time, we can carry on the pre-stretch to the guide screw and use double gears in the transmission gear to enhance the transmission rigidity and the elimination gap. The driving parts use ball screw. When processing thread, the main axle transfers a revolution, the tool holder must moves a pitch or lead of the thread, the main axle and the pulse generator link together through a corrugated pipe. A Single Chip Microcomputer controls the longitudinal and crosswise feeding system, so it will because an open-loop servo system which can move independently.The numerical control system uses the MCS-51 series 8031 Single Chip Microcomputer to expand the system. Because the MCS-51 series Single Chip Microcomputer have high integration rate, high reliability, strong function, quick speed, and strong anti-jamming ability and so on .The control system is made up of the microcomputer part, the keyboard and the monitor, the I/O interfaces and the light electricity isolation electric circuit. The system processing procedure and control orders are controlled by keyboard, the monitor realized process data and the information of machine tools with figures tube. In order to realize the resolving power, transmission system use stepper motor to drive the ball screw after being decreased.After the transformation design , the economy numerical control machine has the localization , the straight line inserts , inserts along the counter circular arc , function suspension ,circulation processing , male inch thread processing and so on .The processing quality is stable and reliable . Components processing compatibility and the automation are strengthened.Keyword: lathe， numerical control ， alteration ， ball screw