高中英語必修4 - Unit 2單元訓(xùn)練及解析

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Unit 2 (時(shí)間：30分鐘　滿分：35分) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分) 1．My sister，________ for months to find a job as a teacher, finally took a position in Wenzhou Daily.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．struggling B．struggled C．to struggle D．having struggled 答案　D　[考查非謂語動詞。struggle與my sister之間是主動關(guān)系，且有for months可知struggle這一動作已經(jīng)存在一段時(shí)間，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語，修飾my sister。句意：我的妹妹努力了好幾個(gè)月想找一份教師的工作，但最終在溫州日報(bào)謀得了一個(gè)職位。] 2．The policemen were searching for the lost girl in the mountain for a whole night，________. A．coldly and hungrily B．cold and hungrily C．cold and hungry D．coldly and hungry 答案　C　[考查形容詞作狀語。形容詞作狀語，用來對句子的主語、賓語、表語等所處的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行說明。cold and hungry相當(dāng)于and they were cold and hungry。句意：整整一個(gè)晚上，警察都在大山里搜尋那個(gè)失蹤的女孩，他們又冷又餓。] 3．— Ill help you prepare for the party on Wednesday. — Please dont________.My sisters have promised to help me.(2012河北衡水中學(xué)高三期末) A．promise B．a(chǎn)nnoy C．bother D．disturb 答案　C　[考查動詞詞義辨析。promise答應(yīng)；承諾；annoy使惱怒；使生氣；bother費(fèi)心；麻煩；disturb妨礙；打攪。由句意“……請不必費(fèi)心，我的姐妹們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)來幫我了”可知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。] 4．— As a weightlifting athlete, Thomas is indeed too large, I think. — But________that, he is still one of the best athletes at present.(2012江蘇南通市高三調(diào)研) A．in case of B．in spite of C．thanks to D．in response to 答案　B　[考查短語辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“萬一；以防萬一”；B項(xiàng)意為“盡管如此”；C項(xiàng)意為“幸虧；由于”；D項(xiàng)意為“對……響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)”。句意：……但盡管那樣，他目前還是最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動員之一。] 5．Troubled by a terrible headache, Catherine wondered how she could________herself of the bad situation. A．throw B．remove C．move D．rid 答案　D　[考查動詞詞義辨析。throw仍；投；remove搬開；挪開；move移動；搬動；rid去掉；除掉。rid sb of sth“給某人去掉某物”。句意：受到嚴(yán)重的頭痛病的困擾，凱瑟琳不知道她怎樣才能擺脫這一惡劣的狀況。] 6．—What do you think of last Fridays charity pop concert, Tim? —It was a great success as a whole.Actually we________with half of the money collected. A．would have been satisfied B．were satisfied C．would be satisfied D．will be satisfied 答案　A　[考查虛擬語氣。由句意“……事實(shí)上，我們能籌得一半的錢我們就很滿足了?！笨芍獞?yīng)是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。] 7．—She looks upset. —Yes, Id rather I________her the bad news.(2012吉林一中高三摸底) A．didnt tell B．dont tell C．hadnt told D．wouldnt tell 答案　C　[考查would rather的用法。would rather意為“寧愿”，其后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，如果是對現(xiàn)在、將來的虛擬則用動詞的一般過去時(shí)，如果是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，則動詞需用過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：——她看上去很難過?！堑模艺鎸幵笡]有將那個(gè)壞消息告訴她。可知應(yīng)是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，故選C項(xiàng)。] 8．Actually few young people like moon cakes, but________，we have to have some as it is a day for that. A．a(chǎn)nyhow B．somewhat C．otherwise D．therefore 答案　A　[考查副詞用法。anyhow無論如何；somewhat有點(diǎn)兒；稍微；otherwise否則；要不然；therefore因此；所以。句意：其實(shí)很少有年輕人喜歡月餅，但無論如何我們要吃點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榻裉炀褪沁@么個(gè)日子。] 9．________himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence. A．Equipped B．Equipping C．Having equipped D．Being equipped 答案　C　[考查非謂語動詞。equip與句子主語the young man之間是主動關(guān)系。句意：在知識和技能方面都做好準(zhǔn)備以后，這個(gè)年輕人就滿懷信心的到就業(yè)市場求職了?？芍猠quip這一動作應(yīng)是發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞went之前，故應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。] 10．—I regret________you that John has been fired. —I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker. A．telling B．having told C．to tell D．to have told 答案　C　[考查regret用法。regret to tell/say/inform...很遺憾的告訴/說/通知……；regret doing sth后悔做了某事。由句意：“——我很遺憾的告訴你約翰被辭退了。——我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈盼业亩?。他是那么好的一個(gè)工人?！笨芍獞?yīng)選C項(xiàng)。] 11．As these products are not selling________， the members of the board have decided to________production. A．good; cut off B．well; cut back on C．well; cut off D．good; cut back on 答案　B　[考查副詞和動詞短語用法。sell/wash/write/read well“好賣/好洗/(鋼筆寫字)好使/(書)好讀”。cut back on意為“削減；減少”；cut off意為“切斷；隔絕”。句意：由于這些產(chǎn)品銷路不好，委員會成員已經(jīng)決定要壓縮產(chǎn)量。] 12．It is global warming, not other things________the extreme weather. A．that have led to B．which has caused C．which are causing D．that has led to 答案　D　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句和詞義辨析。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了句子的主語global warming, not other things，其謂語應(yīng)與global warming保持一致，即應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；由強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可知應(yīng)用that而不用which。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：是全球氣候變暖，而不是其他的事導(dǎo)致了極端天氣的發(fā)生。] 13．While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made________discovery which completely changed________mans understanding of colour. A．a(chǎn); / B．a(chǎn); the C．/; the D．the; a 答案　A　[考查冠詞用法。make a discovery “發(fā)現(xiàn)”；mans understanding of colour意為“人類對于顏色的理解”，是抽象意義的名詞短語，其前不用冠詞。句意：當(dāng)牛頓在研究改進(jìn)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的方法時(shí)，他得到了一個(gè)徹底改變?nèi)祟悓τ陬伾睦斫獾陌l(fā)現(xiàn)。] 14．Now one of the most serious problems many people are worried about________on the lack of adequate housing space.(2012太原五中學(xué)高三期中) A．insists B．depends C．a(chǎn)grees D．focuses 答案　D　[考查動詞短語辨析。insist on堅(jiān)持；depend on依靠；agree on(雙方)同意；focus on集中在；聚焦于。句意：現(xiàn)在很多人共同擔(dān)憂的嚴(yán)重問題之一都集中在了適當(dāng)居住空間的缺乏上。可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。] 15．The son promised to keep his parents________of how he was going on with his studies at college. A．inform B．informing C．informed D．to inform 答案　C　[考查非謂語動詞用法。句中包含了“keep＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)；由搭配inform sb of sth(通知某人某事)可知，his parents與inform之間是被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用inform的過去分詞形式作賓補(bǔ)。句意：兒子答應(yīng)他的父母讓他們知道他在大學(xué)期間的學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)展情況。] Ⅱ.閱讀理解(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分) A Drinking six to eight glasses of water each day is healthful，most health experts agree.But apparently not everyone is on the same page.A general practitioner from Scotland says that health advice is “thoroughly debunked nonsense” and is propagated by bottled water companies out to make a profit.In a commentary published online in the British Medical Journal，Margaret McCartney quotes experts that say drinking too much water can cause hyponatremia(low sodium levels in the blood)and expose people to pollutants. Experts were quick to pounce on the commentary as being misleading.The article hadnt been peerreviewed，pointed out Thomas Sanders，a professor from Kings College London.Sanders wrote in a reply on the BMJ website：“Appropriate hydration is particularly important for the elderly and the very young and for most people it is better to obtain most fluid intake from water，whether bottled or tap water，than from other beverages.” MacCartney focused on the more whacky(不同尋常的)claims made for water and appeared to cherry pick her references to make a story.While the headlines duke it out，its worth offering as refresher—how much water do we need every day？The answer isnt cut and dry，says an article by the Mayo Clinic，and depends on your exercise level，health conditions and the heat and humidity of your environment. In general，the Institute of Medicine recommends about nine cups of beverages for women and 13 cups for men.The Mayo Clinic offers another way to assess if youre getting enough H2O：“If you drink enough fluid so that you rarely feel thirsty and produce 1.5 liters(6.3 cups)or more of colorless of slightly yellow urine a day，your fluid intake is probably adequate.” The issue of too much water surfaces among athletes，especially marathon runners.Hyponatremia(低鈉血癥)is a real concern when replacing the water lost during sweating—too much water，and the salt imbalance in the body can cause cells to swell with water，which is particularly dangerous for brain cells.Hyponatremia symptoms include confusion，nausea(惡心)and convulsions，according to MedlinePlus.It can also occur in the elderly and hospitalized patients.Some 3.2 to 6.1 million patients get hyponatremia each year，and the condition is associated with congestive heart failure and cancer. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇科普文章：每天喝六到八杯水是健康的，大多數(shù)健康專家都認(rèn)同這一點(diǎn)。但很明顯的是，這并不適合所有人。 16．The underlined word “propagate” in the first paragraph refers to ________. A．make widely known B．bring up the children C．carry from one place to another D．a(chǎn)rgue against 答案　A　[猜測詞意題。根據(jù)前文可知：每天喝六到八杯水是健康的，大多數(shù)健康專家都認(rèn)同這一點(diǎn)。但很明顯的是，這并不適合所有人。由此可知下文意思是：蘇格蘭的一位全科醫(yī)師說這條健康建議“完全是胡說八道”，瓶裝水公司對其進(jìn)行大肆宣傳以牟利。故畫線部分的意思為宣傳，正確答案為A。] 17．Thomas Sanders considered it important for people to get fluid intake ________. A．from beer B．from beverages C．from fruit juice D．from water 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知：適量的水合物對于上了年紀(jì)的人和年輕人來說特別重要，大多數(shù)人最好從水中——不管是瓶裝水還是自來水——而不是其他飲料中獲得大部分液體攝取，故正確答案為D。] 18．According to Mayo Clinic，the consumption of water relies least on ________. A．the heat and humidity B．health conditions C．exercise level D．the height of people 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段結(jié)尾可知：答案不是一刀切，這取決于你的鍛煉水平、健康狀況和你所處環(huán)境的濕熱度。故正確答案為D。] 19．According to Institute of Medicine，women should drink ________. A．the same amount water as men B．a(chǎn) little more water than men C．more than twothirds of mens amount D．only half mens water amount 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句In general，the Institute of Medicine recommends about nine cups of beverages for women and 13 cups for men.可知：一般說來，醫(yī)學(xué)研究所推薦女性每天喝9杯飲料，男性喝13杯飲料。由此可知正確答案為C。] 20．It can be inferred that Hyponatremia symptoms usually occurred to ________. A．marathon runners，the elderly and doctors in hospital B．the elderly，patients in hospital and marathon runners C．dash runners，the elderly and patients in hospital D．marathon runners，the teenage and patients in hospital 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段談到：運(yùn)動員，尤其是馬拉松運(yùn)動員要喝更多水這個(gè)問題浮出水面。當(dāng)出汗過程中替代水的流失——喝更多水時(shí)，低鈉血癥是一個(gè)真實(shí)的焦慮，身體內(nèi)的鹽平衡能導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞和水一起膨脹，這對于腦細(xì)胞來說尤其危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)MedlinePlus的信息，低鈉血癥的癥狀包括意識混亂、反胃和抽搐。它也會發(fā)生在上了年紀(jì)的人和住院的病人身上。由此可知正確答案為B。] B We all know that money cant buy happiness，but many times we act as if we were happier with a bit more money.We are conditioned to want to be rich(when we know the rich arent happy either)；we are trained to want the latest gadget or style that television tells us to want；we want to earn more money because then well have a good life. But none of them will bring us happiness.No matter how much we earn，no matter how much we have in the bank，no matter how nice our clothing or cars or toys，none of them will make us happier.And the sad thing is that it could take us decades to pursue wealth and luxurious items before we realize this. So what will bring us happiness？Luckily，its these three things that dont cost a thing.These three things have been proven by surveys of hundreds of thousands of people about what they have，what their lives are like，and how happy they are. Here they are，the Three Secrets to Happiness： 1．Good relationships.We have a human need to be close to and to be intimate with other human beings.Having good and supportive friendships，a strong marriage or close and loving relationships with our family members will make us much more likely to be happy. Action steps：Take time，today，to spend time with your loved ones，to tell them what they mean to you，to listen to them，and to develop your relationships with them. 2．Positive thinking.Im obviously a big proponent of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals，and it turns out that it can lead to happiness too.Optimism and selfesteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives.Happy people feel empowered，take control of their lives，and have a positive outlook on life. Action steps：Make positive thinking a habit.In fact，this should be one of the first habits you develop.Get into the habit of squashing all negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones.Instead of “I cant”think “I can”．It may sound silly，but it works for me，every time. 3．Flow.This is a popular concept on the Internet these days—a state we enter when we are completely focused on the work or task before us.We are so buried in our task that we lose track of time.Having work and leisure that get you in this state of flow will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find greatest enjoyment not when theyre passively mindless，but when theyre absorbed in a mindful challenge. Action steps：Find work that you have a passion for.Seriously—this is an extremely important step.Find hobbies that you have a passion for.Turn off the TV—this is the opposite of flow—and go outside and do something that truly engages you. Youve been given the Three Secrets to Happiness.Dont waste them! 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇議論文。作者闡述了金錢和財(cái)富不會給人們帶來幸福的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)就如何得到幸福這個(gè)問題給我們提供了三個(gè)秘訣?！　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　? 21．Which of the follwing is the most proper title of this passage? A．The Secrets to Happiness B．What is happiness? C．Money vs Happiness D．Who are happy? 答案　A　[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文第三段中的第一句“So what will bring us happiness？”已點(diǎn)明了主題，最后一段中的“Youve been given the Three Secrets to Happiness.”又再次點(diǎn)明主題。故選A。] 22．The writer expresses his ________ attitude towards money and wealth. A．negative B．supportive C．objective D．respective 答案　A　[作者態(tài)度推斷題。根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為金錢和財(cái)富不會給我們帶來幸福，更糟糕的是，往往是在追求金錢和財(cái)富幾十年后我們才認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)“否定的”符合題意。] 23．Which of the following doesnt belong to the advice given by the writer? A．Being engaged in what you are interested in. B．Having good relationships with others. C．Watching TV. D．Being optimistic about your life. 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A、B和D項(xiàng)與作者給出的三條忠告正好相符，C項(xiàng)是作者不贊成做的。故選C。] 24．The underlined word“squashing” can be replaced by “________”． A．removing B．scolding C．repairing D．reducing 答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)這一段的意思可知，作者勸我們養(yǎng)成積極思考的習(xí)慣，摒棄消極的態(tài)度，故squashing的意思應(yīng)該是“removing”。] 25．The writer talks about happiness by means of ________ in this passage. A．opinions and advice B．facts and comparisons C．examples and analysis D．observations and conclusions 答案　A　[文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。在第一段和第二段中，作者闡明了金錢和財(cái)富不會帶來幸福的觀點(diǎn)，然后又給我們提供了三個(gè)能給我們帶來幸福的方法，故A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。] 寫作素材集錦 單詞 1．supportive支持的，給予幫助的 2．selfesteem自尊 短語 1．be conditioned to do sth習(xí)慣于做某事 2．be buried in專心致志于某事 3．lose track of與……失去聯(lián)系 句子 1．No matter how much we earn，no matter how much we have in the bank，no matter how nice our clothing or cars or toys，none of them will make us happier. 不管我們掙多少錢，不管我們在銀行存多少錢，不管我們的穿著、汽車或者玩具有多么漂亮，它們都不能使我們更加幸福。 2．Luckily，its these three things that dont cost a thing. 幸運(yùn)的是，正是這三件事情，不會讓你花一分錢。 9