畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) （ 論 文 ） 任 務(wù) 書徐州工程學(xué)院 學(xué)院 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目 內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)銑削動(dòng)力頭的設(shè)計(jì) Annual Gear Gear Cutter Gear AugerComputer-Aided Design 學(xué) 生 姓 名班 級(jí)起 止 日 期指 導(dǎo) 教 師教 研 室 主 任發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 年 2 月 25 日1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的背景：我國現(xiàn)正處于傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床向數(shù)控機(jī)床過渡時(shí)期，經(jīng)濟(jì)性數(shù)控化改造有非常廣闊的市場?，F(xiàn)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)利用電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使數(shù)控機(jī)床向高開放性、高可靠性和高速度、高精度的方向發(fā)展，因此，本課題研究的目的將是在保持經(jīng)濟(jì)性的前提下開發(fā)新型的銑削動(dòng)力頭，促進(jìn)我國的機(jī)床改造。2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求：本課題運(yùn)用 CAD 技術(shù)對(duì)內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)動(dòng)力銑削頭進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)能夠縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期、減輕設(shè)計(jì)人員的工作強(qiáng)度、降低設(shè)計(jì)成本、增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的市場競爭能力。一 廣泛查閱資料，了解國內(nèi)外 CAD 技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀；深入分析研究銑齒機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)。二 對(duì)內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)銑削頭進(jìn)行方案的論證。三對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇和參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。四 完成銑削頭的總體的裝配圖和零件圖的設(shè)計(jì)。五 完成內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)的論文編寫工作。3.主要參考文獻(xiàn)：濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).高等教育出版社,2001章富元.對(duì)我國數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的思考.中國機(jī)械工程,1999吳宗澤 主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè).冶金工業(yè)出版社,1999賈云福，張世昌.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004孫恒 陳作模 .機(jī)械原理（第六版）.高等教育出版社,20014.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)：起 止 日 期 工 作 內(nèi) 容 備 注第 1，2 周 根據(jù)老師要求，查閱相關(guān)資料。第 3，4 周 制定內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)的總體方案。第 5，6 周選定銑齒機(jī)的電動(dòng)機(jī)和軸承，軸承蓋，進(jìn)行軸的強(qiáng)度校核。第 7，8 周 進(jìn)行內(nèi)齒輪銑齒機(jī)的上蓋和底座的設(shè)計(jì)。第 9，10 周 用 CAD 進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)總體裝配圖和零件圖。第 11，12 周 完成說明書。第 13，14 周 對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行不斷的完善。第 15，16 周 深入了解設(shè)計(jì)的思想，對(duì)畢業(yè)答辯進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。教研室審查意見：室主任 年 月 日學(xué)院審查意見：教學(xué)院長 年 月 日1附錄英文翻譯The CAD application of the curve awl wheel gearAuthor:johnThe curve awl wheel gear movement system greatly applys in professions such as aviation, car and tool machine etc., but so far the curve awl wheel gear movement system design still stay around tradition from now on.But this kind of method is not only time-consuming, and the accuracy is low.In the usage process , using this kind of method design process of awl wheel gear, sometimes hard to satisfy process request.Many researcher research for long times in the curve awl wheel gear movement system to carry on a thorough, make clear of the merger principle,process principle and the contact analysis method.For the sake of research result have application spread to move at the curve awl wheel gear of design, manufacturing and examination,so we develop this curve awl wheel gear to movement of CAD system.This system first according to design request, establishment the curve awl wheel gear spread to move excellent turn design model, and adoption mixture punish a function method to carry on solve, acquire the best design project;Then carry on gnashing teeth with hatred to adjust a calculation, is processed the gear awl wheel gear opportune moment bed of adjust parameter value.With number control instruction to combine, then can at number control tool machine to process a curve awl wheel gear.In addition, this system return and can spread to move to carry on an assistance examination to the Hu wheel gear, with assurance eat noodles contact area of directions and size, and acquire sport characteristic curve, lend this can evaluation spread move of quality;Combining can use a limited dollar a method analysis awl wheel gear to spread to move to carry a lotus with should dint, with assurance awl wheel gear of structure size, and can draw a limited dollar mesh model and awl wheel gear work diagram.The curve live wheel gear to spread to move of calculator assistance designExcellent turn a design with limited dollar analysis is the main contents that the curve awl wheel gear spread to move CAD.The gear awl wheel gear spread to move excellent turn design is at thorough analysis research design request, usage request and craft request etc. foundation up, establishment reasonable of excellent turn design model.The design change quantity fixed position sell awl wheel gear is few Zts, big carry mold few Mts, gear breadth B, gear breadth middle point spiral Cape(drive he), pressure Cape( method)'s etc. five parameter, 2but will become the X1, X2, X3 of a coefficient, X4 conduct and actions two excellent turn to change quantity.After win an election to settle design to change quantity value, their value is pass two excellent turn assurance.In consideration of design of concrete circumstance, target function fixed position 2 kind:1 kind is to give settle power bottom smallest turn awl wheel gear to spread move of total accumulate;2 kinds are to give to settle size bottom biggest turn awl wheel gear to spread move of power.Controling the condition is a strength, craft and assemble etc. request.The end pass a sorting, the gear awl wheel gear be excellent to turn design model and can write for ….This isn't 1 line programming problem, and is long-lost to change quantity with continuous change quantity mixture of circumstance, choose to use to punish a function method(SUMT) to solve.For the sake of the in general use of the increment software, it is still excellent to turn procedure to have a school to calculate to awl wheel gear is several what size etc. function.Usage is hand over with person's machine with each other a way importation customer each item request, past very convenience.Excellent turn strength within design calculation to press simplification formula to carry on, can't control the whole wheel gear structure in should distribute of dint circumstance and variety circumstance.Several parameter with gnash teeth with hatred adjustment parameter assurance after, spread to move to carry on a limited dollar analysis to the gear awl wheel gear, with assurance reasonable reasonable structure parameter.The limited dollar model take the awl which constitute for two awl wheel gear previous three gear a piece.Matching principle according to the space, establish the tooth face of the gear awl wheel gear a square a distance, solve to produce dentition but node to sit a mark, then formation round the limited dollar of the model.Make use of soft degree matrix analysis carry a lotus at the churs to the allotment of and round gear surface node with distribute regulation, ask for help of a tooth face contact analysis(TCA) technique assurance moment contact line directions.For overcoming tiny machine memory small weakness, the adoption sub- structure and method technique before the wave.Make use of this limited dollar analysis software, not only can acquire a Chi top each a piece noodles last moment etc. should dint curve, and basis carry a lotus table, can analysis the match to move inside period should dint, for credibility analysis provide basis.The calculator assistance of 3 gear awl wheel gear designThe gear awl wheel gear is at quasi- double curved face Xian the Chi be on board to process, it according to the principle design of“appearance even crest wheel gear“, in order to processing the stalk line which produce a form round of the even crest of big awl wheel gear with process small awl wheel gear of even crest the spade form axle line gravamen line, so get of big, small round Chi surface.Say from the theories that isn't a real total track noodles.On 3the other hand, in actually the usage, assurance the gear awl wheel gear tooth face is total track noodles combine has no occasion for, because wheel gear of manufacturing, assemble error margin with is carry to transform will make work appearance with process appearance inconformity but break wheel gear of normal the Nie match a condition.Therefore, the gear awl wheel gear be actually a part to look like a total track. all ssurance currently two tooth face part total track arrive two rank.The process of the research gear awl wheel gear is to want research at dissimilarity of gnash teeth with hatred under the condition how adjust tool machine, change knife the parameter of the dish, make to process to get of the awl wheel gear tooth face satisfy part look like total track condition, and have the best tooth face contact area.Before process awl wheel gear, according to technique request, gnash teeth with hatred principle and gnash teeth with hatred a method to carry on to gnash teeth with hatred to adjust calculation.Often adoption of gnash teeth with hatred to adjust calculation method to have 4 kinds:line error margin compensate method, close throw a thing noodles method, have already controled contact calculation method and contact analysis method.The purpose which gnash teeth with hatred to adjust calculation be assurance process to get of the awl wheel gear satisfy part look like total track.This system aim at simple two-sided gnash teeth with hatred a method, use a calculator assistance completion to gnash teeth with hatred to adjust calculation.This kind of method process a big round to slice with the two-sided knife dishing, cave and convex slice noodles to be cut off in the meantime, but the small round then use one side knife dish to slice to make convex noodles with cave side respectively.For make small round of convex noodles and cave side respectively orientation rightness should of big round total 1,2 rank differential calculus realm characteristic of track tooth face, adoption close throw thing noodles a method to carry on to gnash teeth with hatred adjust calculation, adjust the slice a small round of five craft parameter, namely the knife blade Chi form Cape, knife dish formation radius, the path is to the knife, knife dish pole Cape with roll to slice ratio.Calculation result can pass conversion to connect and number control the instruction database of tool machine direct connect with each other, and with control the instruction for exercise of tool machine and work piece combine together, direct completion process of awl wheel gear manufacturing.The curve awl wheel gear spread to move of calculator assistance examinationIn order to gnashing teeth with hatred a calculation is according to part point contact look like total track theories, so according to calculation acquire of adjust parameter, process to get of the gear awl wheel gear, at work uncertain have the best of contact area shape and sport characteristic.In addition processing an error margin, installing an error margin is in 4additioncarry to transform etc. all would influence the spread of the gear awl wheel gear move quality.Therefore spread to move to all want to carry on examination and V-H of the tooth face contact examination to the gear awl wheel gear.The method of normal regulations is after process a finished product, is at laurel east the examination be on board to carry on examination, be unqualified, afresh adjust tool machine parameter, again process, again examination, this kind of method, not only period long, and very uneconomical, in addition adjust tool machine parameter, also have certain of blindness.With the calculator carry on gear to make track for a round to spread move of assistance examination, not request process a finished product, but after gnashing teeth with hatred to adjust calculation, reasonable according to the space theory and process of concrete condition, in the calculator formation all of the wheel gear of tooth face square distance, then according to part total the track theories carry on a tooth face contact analysis and V-H analysis, assurance contact area of directions and size, moment spread to move ratio of variety curve with spread to move the sensitive degree to the error margin.According to calculation result, then can carry on evaluation towards spreading to move.When think not reasonable, then carry on parameter to adjust.Because of already establishment the function of each parameter of tool machine and tooth face shape relation, so adjust have certain of theories foundation, and also can acquire the best adjust parameter.When think everyone's noodles all reasonable after, can process awl wheel gear on the tool machine.Such as have necessity, rightness positive article can also again carry on a set examination.The calculator assistance of the curve awl wheel gearAt the limited dollar carried on the gear awl wheel gear to spread to move analysis, is examination model of accuracy, can draw limited dollar model.This system pursue an unit to carry on while drawing a limited dollar model.The adoption is 3D 20 node etc. unit.Draw an establishment a connection matrix, matrix of line and row respectively is 20, rightness should 20 node.If at two some painting line, rightness should matrix chemical element is 1, otherwise is 0.While draw from node 1 beginning, first painting low noodles side line, again painting a side transform, end painting Leng side line, all unit press position emissions together and then formation wheel gear limited dollar model.Because each painting over an unit can pause, past customer can pursue the unit carry on check, can convenience of know the accuracy of model.After the completion awl wheel gear structure design, then can design draw awl wheel gear work diagram.For the purpose of backup or process awl wheel gear to use.Draw the procedure of the awl wheel gear work diagram from draw a gear, round good luck, round Fu, round and mark sub- function procedures, such as size and business trip.etc. to 5constitute.Each sub- function procedure is the size and position which employ parameter to come to control son diagram.The painting of this system software all should with painting database document connect with each other.Application exampleThe some aviation launch a machine lord to spread to move the gear awl wheel gear, in the usage the process once occurrence several times split trouble, result in graveness loss.Should spread for the exaltation move of credibility, use to develop of as to it's does the CAD system carry on an improvement design.Turn a design towards spreading to move to carry on excellently first, the result list on form 1.Has been turned a design excellently, spread to move of total accumulated to descend 21.2%.Then carry on gnashing teeth with hatred to lift to adjust a calculation, acquire each adjust parameter value, see form 2.Secondly spread to move to carry on tooth face contact analysis to the gear awl wheel gear of design and V-H analysis, and make exchange the whole parameter to carry on an optimization.Should the contact area directions and size of the gear awl wheel gear window hole, sport the characteristic curve show at the diagram 5.In addition spread to move to carry on a limited dollar analysis to the awl wheel gear, among them, one round the limited dollar model of the gear see diagram 6.Diagram 7 is small round round the gear follow gear breadth some piece noodles of moment etc. should dint line diagram.End can the manifestation draw awl wheel gear work diagram, and process manufacturing finished product.ConclusionThis CAD system's turn to spread in using of carrying on to the curve awl wheel gear excellent turning design, limited dollar analysis, gnashing teeth with hatred to adjust calculation, tooth face contact analysis, V-H analysis calculation and the sketch drawing, to shorten the gear awl wheel gear of design period, exaltation design quality, lower design to make to add expenses to all have certain meaning.This system application spread at the aviation awl wheel gear move of design, acquire to have most excellent design project and adjust parameter value, and carry on dint analysis. passing with light play experiment and the set experiment result compare, both be basic to fit together, elucidation origin the software system be very valid.From: Machine Design Fundamentals 中文對(duì)照6弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的 CAD 應(yīng)用作者：約翰弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)廣泛應(yīng)用于航空,汽車和銑齒機(jī)等行業(yè)中,但到目前為止弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)還停留在傳統(tǒng)方式下進(jìn)行.但是這種方法不但費(fèi)時(shí),而且精度低.使用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),用這種方法設(shè)計(jì)加工的錐齒輪,有時(shí)難以滿足加工要求.長期以來許多研究人員對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪的傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行了深入的研究,搞清楚了它的嚙合原理,加工原理以及它的接觸分析方法. 為了將一以有的科研成果應(yīng)用于弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì),制造和檢驗(yàn)中,我們研制出了這套弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的 CAD 系統(tǒng).該系統(tǒng)首先根據(jù)了設(shè)計(jì)要求,建立弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型,并采用混合罰函數(shù)法進(jìn)行求解,獲得最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案;然后進(jìn)行切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算,獲得加工弧齒錐齒輪時(shí)銑齒機(jī)的調(diào)整參數(shù)值.與數(shù)控指令結(jié)合,便可在數(shù)控銑齒機(jī)加工出弧齒錐齒輪.此外,本系統(tǒng)還可對(duì)弧齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行輔助檢驗(yàn),以確定吃面接觸區(qū)的方位及大小,并獲得運(yùn)動(dòng)特性曲線,借此可評(píng)價(jià)傳動(dòng)的質(zhì)量;并可用有限元法分析錐齒輪傳動(dòng)載荷和應(yīng)力 ,以確定錐齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,并可繪制有限元網(wǎng)格模型和錐齒輪工作圖.弧齒住齒輪傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和有限元分析是弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng) CAD 的主要內(nèi)容.弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)是在深入分析研究設(shè)計(jì)要求,使用要求和工藝要求等基礎(chǔ)上,建立合理的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型.設(shè)計(jì)變量定位銷錐齒輪齒數(shù) Zt,大端模數(shù) Mt,齒寬 B,齒寬中點(diǎn)螺旋角(被他),壓力角(阿法)等五個(gè)參數(shù),而將變位系數(shù) X1,X2,X3,X4 作為二次優(yōu)化變量.當(dāng)選定設(shè)計(jì)變量值后,它們的值是通過二次優(yōu)化確定的.考慮到設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的具體情況,目標(biāo)函數(shù)定位兩種:第一種是給定功率下極小化錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的總體積;第二種是給定尺寸下極大化錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的功率 .約束條件是強(qiáng)度,工藝,裝配等方面要求.最后通過整理,弧齒錐齒輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型可書寫為….這是一個(gè)非線性規(guī)劃問題,而且是離散變量與連續(xù)變量混合的情況,選用罰函數(shù)法(SUMT)求解.為了增加軟件的通用性,優(yōu)化程序還具有校核計(jì)算錐齒輪幾何尺寸等功能.使用時(shí)以人機(jī)交互方式輸入用戶各項(xiàng)要求,故十分方便.優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算是按簡化公式進(jìn)行的,無法掌握整個(gè)齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)力的分布情況和變化情況.在幾何參數(shù)和切齒調(diào)整參數(shù)確定之后,對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行有限元分析,以確定合理合理結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù).有限元模型取為兩錐齒輪上三輪齒組成的錐扇塊.根據(jù)空間嚙合原理,成立弧齒錐齒輪的齒面方程,求解產(chǎn)生齒而節(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),進(jìn)而形成輪齒的有限元模型.利用柔度矩陣分析載荷在齒對(duì)間以及輪齒表面節(jié)點(diǎn)上的分配和分布規(guī)律,借助齒面接觸分析(TCA) 技術(shù)確定瞬時(shí)接觸線方位.為了克服微機(jī)內(nèi)存小的缺點(diǎn),采用子結(jié)構(gòu)和波前法技術(shù).利用這套有限元分析軟件,不但可獲得輪齒上每一截面上瞬時(shí)等應(yīng)力曲線,而且依據(jù)載荷譜,可分析嚙合周期內(nèi)動(dòng)應(yīng)力,為可靠性分析提供依據(jù).7弧齒錐齒輪的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)弧齒錐齒輪是在準(zhǔn)雙曲面銑齒機(jī)上加工的,它是根據(jù)”假象平頂齒輪” 原理設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),由于加工大錐齒輪的平頂產(chǎn)形輪的軸線與加工小錐齒輪的平頂鏟形輪軸線不平行,這樣得到的大,小輪齒表面.從理論上說不是真正的共軌面.另一方面,在實(shí)際使用中,保證弧齒錐齒輪齒面為共軌面并無必要,因?yàn)辇X輪的制造,裝配誤差和受載變形都將使工作狀態(tài)與加工狀態(tài)不一致而破壞齒輪的正常嚙合條件.因此,弧齒錐齒輪實(shí)際上是局部近似共軌.目前,都是保證兩齒面局部共軌到二階.研究弧齒錐齒輪的加工就是要研究在不同的切齒條件下如何調(diào)整銑齒機(jī),改變銑刀盤的參數(shù),使加工得到的錐齒輪齒面滿足局部近似共軌條件,并具有最佳齒面接觸區(qū).在加工錐齒輪之前,要根據(jù)技術(shù)要求,切齒原理及切齒方法進(jìn)行切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算.常采用的切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算方法有四種:線性誤差補(bǔ)償法,密切拋物面法 ,有控接觸計(jì)算法和接觸分析法.切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算的目的就是保證加工得到的錐齒輪滿足局部近似共軌.本系統(tǒng)針對(duì)簡單雙面切齒方法,用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助完成切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算.這種方法加工大輪用雙面刀盤精切,凹凸切面同時(shí)被切除,而小輪則用單面刀盤分別切制凸面和凹面.為使小輪的凸面和凹面分別適應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)的大輪共軌齒面的一,二階微分領(lǐng)域特性,采用密切拋物面法進(jìn)行切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算,調(diào)整精切小輪時(shí)的五個(gè)工藝參數(shù),即刀刃齒形角,刀盤形成半徑,徑向刀位,刀盤極角和滾切比.計(jì)算結(jié)果可以通過轉(zhuǎn)化接口與數(shù)控銑齒機(jī)的指令庫直接相連,并與控制銑齒機(jī)和工件運(yùn)動(dòng)的指令相結(jié)合,直接完成錐齒輪的加工制造.弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助檢驗(yàn)由于切齒計(jì)算是基于局部點(diǎn)接觸近似共軌理論,所以根據(jù)計(jì)算獲得的調(diào)整參數(shù),加工得到的弧齒錐齒輪,在工作時(shí)并不一定具有最佳的接觸區(qū)形狀和運(yùn)動(dòng)特性.此外,加工誤差,安裝誤差,受載變形等都會(huì)影響弧齒錐齒輪的傳動(dòng)質(zhì)量.因此, 對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)都要進(jìn)行齒面接觸檢驗(yàn)和 V-H 檢驗(yàn).常規(guī)的方法是在加工出成品后,在桂東檢驗(yàn)機(jī)上進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),當(dāng)不合格時(shí),則重新調(diào)整銑齒機(jī)參數(shù),再加工,再檢驗(yàn),這種方法,不但周期長,而且很不經(jīng)濟(jì),此外調(diào)整銑齒機(jī)參數(shù),也具有一定的盲目性.用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行弧齒追出輪傳動(dòng)的輔助檢驗(yàn),并不要求加工出成品,而是在切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算后,依據(jù)空間嚙合理論以及加工的具體條件,在計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)形成大小齒輪的齒面方程,然后根據(jù)局部共軌理論進(jìn)行齒面接觸分析和 V-H 分析,確定接觸區(qū)的方位及大小,瞬時(shí)傳動(dòng)比的變化曲線和傳動(dòng)對(duì)誤差的敏感程度.依據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,便可對(duì)傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià).當(dāng)認(rèn)為不合理時(shí),則進(jìn)行參數(shù)調(diào)整.因已建立了銑齒機(jī)各參數(shù)與齒面形狀間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,故調(diào)整時(shí)具有一定的理論基礎(chǔ),而且還可獲得最佳調(diào)整參數(shù).當(dāng)認(rèn)為各方面都合理后,就可在銑齒機(jī)上加工錐齒輪.如有必要,對(duì)正品也可再進(jìn)行臺(tái)架檢驗(yàn).弧齒錐齒輪的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助繪圖在進(jìn)行弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的有限元分析時(shí),為檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷恼_性,可將有限元模型繪制8出來.本系統(tǒng)在繪制有限元模型時(shí)是逐個(gè)單元進(jìn)行的.采用三維 20 節(jié)點(diǎn)等單元.繪制建立一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣,矩陣的行和列分別是 20,對(duì)應(yīng) 20 個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn).如果在某兩節(jié)點(diǎn)間畫線,則對(duì)應(yīng)矩陣元素為 1,否則為 0.繪制時(shí)由節(jié)點(diǎn) 1 開始,先畫低面邊線,再畫頂面變形,最后畫棱邊線,將所有單元按位置排放在一起,便形成齒輪有限元模型.由于每畫完一個(gè)單元可暫停,故用戶可逐個(gè)單元進(jìn)行檢查,可方便的知道模型的正確性.完成錐齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)后,便可設(shè)計(jì)繪制錐齒輪工作圖.以便存檔或加工錐齒輪用.繪制錐齒輪工作圖的程序是由繪制輪齒,輪緣,輪輻,輪轂以及標(biāo)注尺寸和公差等子功能程序組成.各子功能程序是錄用參數(shù)來控制子圖的大小和位置.本系統(tǒng)的繪圖軟件都應(yīng)該和繪圖庫文件相連.應(yīng)用實(shí)例某航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主傳動(dòng)弧齒錐齒輪,在使用過程中曾發(fā)生數(shù)次斷裂事故,造成重大損失.為提高該傳動(dòng)的可靠性,用研制的 CAD 系統(tǒng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì).首先對(duì)傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)果列于表 1.經(jīng)過優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),傳動(dòng)的總體積下降了21.2%.然后進(jìn)行切齒提調(diào)整計(jì)算,獲得各調(diào)整參數(shù)值,見表 2.其次,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行齒面接觸分析及 V-H 分析,并對(duì)調(diào)整參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)選.該弧齒錐齒輪窗洞的接觸區(qū)方位及大小,運(yùn)動(dòng)特性曲線示于圖 5.此外,對(duì)錐齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行有限元分析,其中單一輪齒的有限元模型見圖 6.圖 7 是小輪輪齒沿齒寬某截面的瞬時(shí)等應(yīng)力線圖.最后可顯示繪制錐齒輪工作圖,并加工制造出成品.結(jié)論該 CAD 系統(tǒng)可對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),有限元分析,切齒調(diào)整計(jì)算,齒面接觸分析,V-H 分析計(jì)算及圖形繪制,對(duì)縮短弧齒錐齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)周期,提高設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量,降低設(shè)計(jì)制加費(fèi)用都具有一定意義.將本系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于航空錐齒輪傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì),獲得最有優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)方案及調(diào)整參數(shù)值,并進(jìn)行應(yīng)力分析.通過與光彈實(shí)驗(yàn)以及臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果相比較,兩者基本吻合,說明本軟件系統(tǒng)是十分有效的.摘自：機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)