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摘 要
本次設(shè)計(jì)主要任務(wù)是對(duì)解放牌汽車半軸端部三個(gè)孔進(jìn)行的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸加工，以及四個(gè)工位的臥式組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)，主要完成是組合機(jī)床三圖一卡和多軸箱的設(shè)計(jì)，另加一套隨行夾具的設(shè)計(jì)，組合機(jī)床電氣液壓系統(tǒng)部分的控制。
組合機(jī)床是根據(jù)工件加工需要，由大量通用的部件為基礎(chǔ)，配以少量的專用部件組成的一種高效專用機(jī)床。它的加工工序集中，它能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)一種零件進(jìn)行多刀、多軸、多面、多工位的自動(dòng)加工。在機(jī)床上可以進(jìn)行鉆孔、擴(kuò)孔、鉸孔以及倒角、切槽、攻螺紋、滾壓孔等，也可以進(jìn)行平面加工，包括銑平面、刮平面、端面等工序。其生產(chǎn)率高，加工精度穩(wěn)定，研制周期短，便于設(shè)計(jì)，制造和使用維護(hù)，成本低等特點(diǎn)廣泛應(yīng)用在生產(chǎn)中。
本次設(shè)計(jì)除要對(duì)組合機(jī)床的機(jī)械本體部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)還對(duì)組合機(jī)床的液壓系統(tǒng)和電氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)指導(dǎo)老師的要求，在這里我采用PLC對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行控制。其中在說(shuō)明書(shū)中具體寫(xiě)了卡具設(shè)計(jì)步驟以及夾緊力的計(jì)算，選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參數(shù)選取零件，在通過(guò)強(qiáng)度計(jì)算保證整個(gè)卡具在工作中的穩(wěn)定性。
液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)主要是滿足機(jī)床的動(dòng)作要求來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)出的系統(tǒng),我認(rèn)真計(jì)算了液壓系統(tǒng)的活塞總壓力，計(jì)算了液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸以及工作壓力，油泵的工作的實(shí)際壓力。對(duì)液壓泵電機(jī)進(jìn)行選擇。
電氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)就是運(yùn)用機(jī)電傳動(dòng)的知識(shí)，即PLC系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制，PLC控制系統(tǒng)我采用西門(mén)子系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)床動(dòng)作。
關(guān)鍵詞：液壓缸，液壓滑臺(tái)，液壓站，彎曲成形，機(jī)電液
Abstract
This design primary mission is carries on to the liberation trademark automobile rear axle nose three holes drills, expands, the articulation processing, as well as four locations horizontal type aggregate machine-tools design, mainly completes is an aggregate machine-tool three charts card and the multi- axle-boxes design, adds separately a set to accompany the jig the design, the aggregate machine-tool electricity hydraulic system partial controls.
The aggregate machine-tool is according to the work piece processing need, by the massive general parts is the foundation, matches one kind of highly effective special purpose machine which composes by the few special-purpose parts. Its processing working procedure is centralized, it can realize to one kind of components carries on the multi- knives, multiple spindle, the multi- surface, the multi-locations automatic processing. May carry on the drill hole on the engine bed, drill out, reams as well as the bevel edge, the grooving, the tapping, rollings the hole and so on, also may carry on the plane processing, including working procedure and so on mill plane, plane of surface scraping, end surface. Its productivity high, processing precision stable, the development cycle is short, is advantageous for the design, the manufacture and the use maintenance, the cost low status characteristic widespread application in the production.
This design except must partially carry on the design to the aggregate machine-tool mechanical main body, meanwhile carries on the design to the aggregate machine-tool hydraulic system and the electrical system, according to instructs teacher's request, uses PLC in here me to carryon the control to the engine bed. Has written the clamping apparatus design procedure specifically in the instruction booklet as well as clamps the strength the computation, selects the standard parameters election components, in through strength calculation guarantee entire clamping apparatus in work stability.
The hydraulic system design mainly satisfies the system which the engine bed the movement requests to design, I have earnestly calculated the hydraulic system piston general pressure, has calculated the hydraulic cylinder structure size as well
as the working pressure, the oil pump work actual pressure. Carries on the choice to the hydraulic pump electrical machinery.
The electrical system design is the utilization mechanical and electrical transmission knowledge, namely the PLC system carries on the control, the PLC control system I uses the Simens system realization the engine bed movement.
Key word: Hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic pressure sliding table, hydraulic pressure station, curving forming, machine battery solution
前 言
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是學(xué)生的最后一個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)。在實(shí)際工程設(shè)計(jì)中，我們可以用到所學(xué)過(guò)的理論基礎(chǔ)，技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，專業(yè)課等方面的知識(shí)進(jìn)行全面的訓(xùn)練，為將來(lái)做好機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工程師的工作，提供全面的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)。
我們這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目，是結(jié)合老師的具體研制項(xiàng)目設(shè)立的，結(jié)合所學(xué)機(jī)械各方面知識(shí)，在老師指導(dǎo)下，查閱許多手冊(cè)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的改進(jìn)，最終設(shè)計(jì)出了加工半軸的組合機(jī)床以及隨行卡具設(shè)計(jì)，從而避免了加工質(zhì)量差，生產(chǎn)效率低，設(shè)備昂貴的問(wèn)題。
我此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)是組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)，在張老師的輔導(dǎo)下，對(duì)原有的零件進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)合參考書(shū)完成了設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。經(jīng)過(guò)正確的計(jì)算，5張半零號(hào)圖紙，符合工作量的要求。
通過(guò)這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我在計(jì)算，制圖，公差與技術(shù)測(cè)量，機(jī)械原理，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，金屬材料與熱處理，機(jī)械制造工藝方面的知識(shí)都受到全面的綜合訓(xùn)練，在機(jī)電液的結(jié)合方面使我都有所涉及。特別是張老師在工作中對(duì)我的耐心輔導(dǎo)，他對(duì)學(xué)生強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，給我留下深刻的影響。
由于類似的大型課題第一次接觸，經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Ψ矫娴那啡?，錯(cuò)誤之處一定存在，懇請(qǐng)各位老師給予批評(píng)指正。