附 錄(英文文獻(xiàn)及中英文對(duì)照)Swinging arm type truck second modification pollution prevention AbstractCity life rubbish in transit, whether cause secondary pollution, necessary and shipment of rubbish are directly related to vehicle design structure. Such as loaded compressed type after the truck and other sealing structure can prevent rubbish endlessly picturequre scene in transit; And currently in use of swing arm garbage trucks, easy cause secondary pollution, therefore we according to the structure of swing arm modify the truck. Vehicle modified design The original car design for completely open wide type, hoisting rubbish bucket without any block structure, cabin garbage in transit endlessly picturequre scene easily. Modification scheme in the car compartment front-end department and left-right side each additional fixed windshield wallboard, adding activity type in top guide enclosures wind. The top area of about 2/3 the size of the guide enclosures wind, left-right side each small oil cylinders, open or closed guide enclosures wind. Front windscreen wallboard can stop the level and on the right direction of wind and streamlined guide enclosures wind is able to have a top vertical wind guide up and effectively solved the problem of the car endlessly picturequre scene rubbish. Guide enclosures wind and truck of swing arm mechanical motion relationship Swinging arm type truck is to rely on the swing arm before and after exercise to ascend garbage box and realize the since installed or dump. So modified design new portfolio of top mobile guide enclosures wind, fluctuation open or closed with the swing arm swinging must be between corresponding coordination, namely the mechanical motion is according to operation requirements through hydraulic system for sequence control. Vehicle load transport conditions Hydraulic system three spool reversing valve valve core is the central position, swinging arm, inlet cover working condition at rest. Vehicle dump garbage conditions Directional control valves, pulled to the right in that right valve spool central position. In hydraulic system under the effect of sequence control oil, first through Guide enclosures wind small oil cylinder full open the inlet cover, then make main cylinder push to swing arm swinging, ascending car after dumping garbage dou compartments discharge box. Or fight .Vehicle outfit garbage conditions The working conditions of the directional control valve valve core right is pushed into a central location, through hydraulic system sequence control oil make swinging arm and conducting enclosures wind mechanical motion and the aforementioned dump contrary, namely first working back swinging arm, outfit garbage dou compartments, then close ventilation hood. So far, the garbage dump vehicle from the pack complete homework. Modification of vehicle performance after the influence of modified vehicle, its structure, weight after would affect the performance of vehicles? It needs from the following two major aspects of verification. Vehicles a force sex and economy The budget of the windshield, adapted before adding area approximately 3 m2, the panels that vehicle air resistance FX increases, the formula Knowable vehicle resistance increased by 1 7.6 ~ 2 840 N, namely 180 ~ 2.9 kg. In addition in the original car windshield wallboard and add by adding Weighing about 370 kg. Two total 550 ~ 660 kg, namely for increased vehicle maximum additional load. But this loose living garbage for maximum load with vehicles 3.5 ~ 4.0 t terms still not overload (rated load 5 t), its engine power, economy still in normal use range. Vehicle safety and handling Because modified vehicle integral structure still is symmetric, former rear-axle lotus distribution within the normal range. Therefore adapted for vehicles to, not the security of the system and manipulation of brake performance produce any adverse effects. 擺臂式垃圾車二次改裝防污染摘要： 城市生活垃圾在運(yùn)輸途中,是否造成二次污染,必然與裝運(yùn)垃圾的車輛設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)有直接關(guān)系。比如后裝壓縮式等密封結(jié)構(gòu)的垃圾車就能防止垃圾在運(yùn)輸途中的撒落;而目前正在使用的擺臂式垃圾車,易造成二次污染,為此我們針對(duì)擺臂式垃圾車的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改裝。1.車輛的改裝設(shè)計(jì) 原車設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)造為完全敞開(kāi)式,吊裝的垃圾斗廂無(wú)任何遮擋結(jié)構(gòu),垃圾在運(yùn)輸途中易撒落。改裝方案在車廂的前端部和左右側(cè)各增設(shè)固定的擋風(fēng)墻板,在頂部增設(shè)活動(dòng)式導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩。占頂部面積約 2/3 大小的導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩,左右側(cè)各一小油缸,開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩。擋風(fēng)墻板能阻擋正前方和右側(cè)方向的水平風(fēng)力,呈流線型的導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩則能將頂部的垂直風(fēng)力引導(dǎo)拋開(kāi),有效地解決了原車的撒落垃圾的問(wèn)題。導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩與垃圾車擺臂的機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系擺臂式垃圾車是靠擺臂的前后運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)提升垃圾廂而實(shí)現(xiàn)自裝或自卸的。因此改裝設(shè)計(jì)新增設(shè)的頂部活動(dòng)式導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩,上下開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉必須與擺臂的擺動(dòng)對(duì)應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào),即兩者之間的機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)是按作業(yè)要求通過(guò)液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行順序控制。車輛裝載運(yùn)輸工況液壓系統(tǒng)的三位四通換向控制閥閥芯處于中央位置,擺臂、導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩等工作狀態(tài)處于靜止。2.車輛傾卸垃圾工況向右拉動(dòng)換向控制閥,使右閥芯處于中央位置。在液壓系統(tǒng)順序控制油路的作用下,首選通過(guò)導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩小油缸把導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩全程打開(kāi),再使主油缸推動(dòng)擺臂向車后擺動(dòng),提升垃圾斗廂傾倒垃圾或卸去斗廂。3.車輛裝收垃圾工況此工況下?lián)Q向控制閥的右閥芯被推入中央位置,通過(guò)液壓系統(tǒng)順序控制油路使擺臂和導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩的機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)與前述的傾卸工況恰好相反,即首先收回?cái)[臂,裝收垃圾斗廂,然后再關(guān)閉導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩。至此,車輛的垃圾自裝自卸作業(yè)全部完成。改裝后對(duì)車輛性能的影響車輛經(jīng)改裝后,其結(jié)構(gòu)、重量是否會(huì)對(duì)車輛的性能產(chǎn)生影響?這需要從以下兩個(gè)主要方面進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。4.的支力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性經(jīng)概算,改裝增設(shè)的前擋風(fēng)墻板面積約 3㎡,使車輛行駛的空氣阻力 FX 有所增加,可知車輛行駛阻力增加了 1 760-2 840 N,即 180-290 kg。另外在原車上因增設(shè)擋風(fēng)墻板而加重約 370 kg。兩項(xiàng)共計(jì) 550-660 kg,即為增加的車輛最大附加載荷。但這對(duì)于滿載松散型生活垃圾最大載荷 3.5-4.0 t 的車型來(lái)講仍未超載(額定載荷 5 t),其發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性還在正常使用范圍內(nèi)。5.車輛的安全性和操縱性因改裝后的車輛整體結(jié)構(gòu)仍是左右對(duì)稱的,前后軸荷分配在正常范圍內(nèi)。因此改裝未對(duì)車輛的轉(zhuǎn)向、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的安全性和操縱性能產(chǎn)生任何不良影響。