2018-2019年高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 第Ⅱ題 專題二 主旨、要義、作者的意圖產(chǎn)、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度類題目.doc

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專題二　主旨、要義、作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度類題目 [命題特點(diǎn)] 針對(duì)文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的標(biāo)題進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)。 (1)設(shè)題關(guān)鍵詞： ①general idea/main idea/mainly tells... ②main meaning/attitude towards... ③intention/intend to.../tend to.../have a tendency... (2)設(shè)題切入點(diǎn)： 從文章中的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞可推斷作者的意圖與態(tài)度。 態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、贊同的關(guān)鍵詞：approval/approve/be in favour of，argue，believe，suppose，think，be convinced that... [考查重點(diǎn)] (1)對(duì)文章的歸納總結(jié)能力。 (2)對(duì)標(biāo)題關(guān)鍵詞的提煉能力。 [方法技巧] (1)利用信息詞(如all in all，in a word，there－fore，It shows...等)確定主題句、總結(jié)句的位置。 (2)對(duì)于主題隱含的段落，先弄清問(wèn)題的意思，然后快速通讀全文，逐項(xiàng)排除，確定主旨。 (3)記敘文：“何人何時(shí)何地何法干何事”。 (4)議論文：多在首段或尾段。 (5)夾敘夾議：多在尾段。 Passage 1 Over 70 percent of the “double single－child couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey. Women of China magazine and a consulting pany carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “single－child” generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly ine of 4，000 yuan($531). Among them, 43.5 percent have kids. Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids. Grown up as the “single－child”， the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents. The parents of the “single－child” generation focused more on their childrens physical well－being rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists. The research also found that the “double single－child couples” follow a rather traditional value system. Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didnt tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone. Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships, 65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that promise(妥協(xié))and tolerance(寬容) are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了讓父母照顧孩子的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。 1．The best title for the passage should be “______”． A．Mum and Dad, take care of my kid please B．Double single－child couples C．The problem of the single child D．A recent survey by Women of China 解析：文章首段就點(diǎn)明了文章的論點(diǎn)——很多雙獨(dú)生子女夫婦讓父母為他們照顧孩子。下文就圍繞這一論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)具體論述。 答案：A 2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage? A．The majority of the “double single－child couples” in China depend much on their parents. B．The parents of the “single－child” generation cared more about their study and education. C．One－fifth of the couples surveyed didnt get married until dating for five years. D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates. 解析：從文章第五段可知這些獨(dú)生子女的父母更多地關(guān)心他們的身體健康，而不是他們的態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀，這里的態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀當(dāng)然包括他們的學(xué)習(xí)觀和教育觀，故B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)文中均有表述。 答案：B 3．Which of the following descriptions about “double single－child couples” is TRUE? A．They are single children in either family and they are independent on their parents. B．They are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents. C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves. D．They, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system. 解析：文章第四段提到他們都是獨(dú)生子女，并且很依賴他們的父母。 答案：B 4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers to one that________． A．parents are concerned about their childrens physical life as well as the spiritual life B．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long time C．once begun, double single－child couples marriage will last forever D．the couples think that promise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage 解析：由文章最后一段可知，傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀念包括：夫婦雙方都要有一定的妥協(xié)和容忍。由第五段可以排除A項(xiàng)； 由第七段可以排除B項(xiàng)； C項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提到。 答案：D 5．According to the passage, we can learn that ________ is necessary in a marriage. A．wealth　　　　　　 B．health C．understanding D．education 解析：由最后一段 “...65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that promise(妥協(xié)) and tolerance(寬容) are necessary in their marriage.”中的promise和tolerance可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。A、B、D三項(xiàng)文中也有涉及，但都不是最準(zhǔn)確的。 答案：C Passage 2 Millions of people pass through the gates of Disneys entertainment parks in California, Florida and Japan each year. What makes these places an almost universal attraction? What makes foreign kings and queens and other important people want to visit these Disney parks? Well, one reason is the way theyre treated once they get there. The people at Disney go out of their way to serve their “guests”， as they prefer to call them, and to see that they enjoy themselves. All new employees, from vice presidents to part－time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking “Traditions 1”. Here, they learn about the panys history, how it is managed and why it is successful. They are shown how each department relates to the whole. All employees are shown how their part is important in making the park a success. After passing “Traditions 1”， the employees go on to more specialized training for their specific jobs. No detail is missed. A simple job like taking tickets requires four eight－h(huán)our days of training. When one ticket taker was asked why it took so much training for such a simple, ordinary job, he replied, “What happens if someone wants to know where the restrooms are, when the parade starts or what bus to take back to the campgrounds？...We need to know the answers or where to get them quickly. Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.” Even Disneys managers get involved in the daily management of the park. Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes. For a full week, the bosses sell hot dogs or ice cream, take tickets or drive the monorail (單軌車), and take up any of the 100 jobs that make the entertainment park e alive. The managers agree that this week helps them to see the panys goals more clearly. All these efforts to serve the public well have made Walt Disney Productions famous. Disney is considered by many as the best mass service provider in America or the world. As one long－time business observer once said, “How Disney treats people, municates with them, and rewards them, is in my view the very reason for his fifty years of success...I have watched, very carefully and with great respect and admiration, the theory and practice of selling satisfaction and serving millions of people on a daily basis, successfully. It is what Disney does best.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了迪斯尼公司通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練管理和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。 1．The first day they e to Disney parks, all new employees ________． A．begin as ticket takers B．must learn several jobs C．begin by receiving on－the－job training D．have already attended Disney University 解析：從第二段“All new employees, from vice presidents to part－time workers, begin their employment by attending Disney University and taking ‘Traditions 1’．”和后面所講述的訓(xùn)練情況可知，每一個(gè)新職員必須進(jìn)行工作培訓(xùn)。 答案：C 2．The main goal of the Disney employees is to ______． A．learn all parts of the business B．keep their important guests happy C．be able to answer all kinds of questions D．see that their guests enjoy themselves 解析：根據(jù)文中第三段最后一句話“Our constant aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.”可知，迪斯尼樂(lè)園員工的目的是為了讓客人過(guò)得高興。 答案：D 3．Each year, managers wear special service clothes and work in the park to ________． A．gain a better view of the panys objectives B．remind themselves of their beginnings at Disney C．set a good example for employees D．replace employees on holiday 解析：根據(jù)第四段“Every year, the managers leave their desks and business suits and put on special service clothes.”和這一段的最后一句話“The managers agree that this week helps them to see the panys goals more clearly.”可知，經(jīng)理們每年穿上特殊的工作服的目的是為了更好地認(rèn)清迪斯尼樂(lè)園的創(chuàng)辦目標(biāo)。 答案：A 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Parades are regularly held in Disneys entertainment parks. B．Disney attracts people almost from all over the world. C．Tourists learn the history of Disney in its entertainment parks. D．Disneys managers are able to do almost all kinds of work in the Disney parks. 解析：通讀全文可知，選項(xiàng)C是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)橛慰偷降纤鼓岬哪康牟皇菫榱藢W(xué)習(xí)它的歷史，而是進(jìn)行娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)。 答案：C 5．This passage is mainly about ________． A．how Disney employees are trained B．the history and traditions of the Disney enterprises C．the importance Disney places on serving people well D．why Disney enterprises make a lot of money 解析：整篇文章主要介紹了迪斯尼公司通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練管理和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。 答案：C Passage 3 Bicycle Safety Operation　Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校園). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention　Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes　Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet　Make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly. Lights　Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus　As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking　Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for： No bicycle registration$25 Bicycle parking banned$30 Blocking the path with the bicycle$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　 本文講述了在校園騎自行車應(yīng)注意的一些事項(xiàng)。 1．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________． A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers 解析：根據(jù)Theft Prevention一段中的“...which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.”可知選A。 答案：A 2．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders? A．Brakes.　　　　　 B．A helmet. C．A headlight. D．A taillight. 解析：根據(jù)Equipment 中的Lights一段敘述可知，brakes，helmet以及headlight是自行車的必要配置。 答案：D 3．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________． A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph C．put the walkers right of way first D．call the police before leaving in case of an accident 解析：根據(jù)Riding On Campus中“Always give the right of way to walkers.”可知答案。 答案：C 4．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________． A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40 解析：根據(jù)Bicycle Parking一段及“Bicycle parking banned$30”可知答案。 答案：B 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．A guide for safe bicycling on the campus. B．Directions for bicycle tour on the campus. C．Regulations of bicycle race on the campus. D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on the campus. 解析：通讀全文可知本文講述了在校園內(nèi)騎自行車應(yīng)注意的一些事項(xiàng)。故選A。 答案：A Passage 4 If you are afraid of the dark，its not a big deal.Its perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do, too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“Its a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.” Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches. Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red－eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica. In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果凍一樣的塊狀物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(懸掛)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs. Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape. If hatching early helps protect red－eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs dont always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　恐懼是人類和動(dòng)物常見(jiàn)的一種現(xiàn)象，恐懼是一件好事。動(dòng)物對(duì)于恐懼的反應(yīng)是不同的，有些反應(yīng)方式甚至超乎你的想象。 1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________． A．help animals grow bigger and stronger B．a(chǎn)re less mon among young animals C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment D．a(chǎn)re more or less important in order for animals to survive 解析：根據(jù)第一段“...because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。 答案：D 2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________． A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later C．a(chǎn)re surprisingly clever when inside their eggs D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened 解析：根據(jù)第五段的“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和第六段的“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.”可知，它們?cè)诜趸陂g害怕蛇的攻擊，在水里害怕其他動(dòng)物把蝌蚪吃掉。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 3．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because________． A．they like falling into the water early B．they want to grow into adult frogs C．they sense a hungry snake is about to attack D．frog embryos can grow strong 解析：根據(jù)第五段“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因?yàn)閷?duì)它們有威脅的蛇不會(huì)游泳，所以提前孵化出來(lái)，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能夠逃脫蛇的攻擊了。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is fear B．Why do we feel afraid C．You feel afraid，and animals do, too D．Fear is a good thing 解析：根據(jù)第一段“Fear matters...”和“Its a good thing”，可知，害怕是一件好事。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 5．What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph? A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule. B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them. C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way. D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water. 解析：根據(jù)第三段“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然這是舉例，有了第一個(gè)例子，那么它的后面肯定還有例子。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C Passage 5 That the Leaning Tower of Pisa no longer leans quite so much after a ￡20 million project to save it has proved to be a great success. The tower, which was on the edge of collapse, has been straightened by 18 inches, returning it to its 1838 position. “It has straightened a little bit more than we expected, but very little helps，”said Prof.John Burland, the only British member of the rescue mittee.“The tower is still very slightly moving towards being upright.” The tower, which has been leaning almost since building work first began in 1173, was closed to the public in 1990 because of safety fears.The 183－foot tower was nearly 15 feet off vertical and its structure was found to have been weakened by centuries of strain(作用力)． Prof.Burland said it could have collapsed “at any moment”．However, it took nine years of quarrelling before any work was done.The last attempt at straightening the tower was carried out.Concrete(混凝土) was poured into the foundations, but the result was that the tower sank further into the soil. The straightening work involved digging out around 70 tonnes of earth from the northern side of the tower, causing it to sink on that side.Before the digging started, the tower was fixed with steel ropes and 600 tonnes of lead weights. However, halfway through the project, concerns at the ugliness of the lead weights led to their removal and the tower leaned greatly.The weights were hurriedly reattached. One night, the tower moved more than it had averaged in an entire year.The towers stonework has also been restored. The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989, killing four people.Experts suddenly realized that the tower at Pisa, which was similarly built and on the same sort of earth, could do the same. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要講述了比薩斜塔的傾斜歷史及政府為此做出的努力。 1．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The building of the Leaning Tower of Pisa B．Saving the Leaning Tower of Pisa C．The collapse of the Leaning Tower of Pisa D．The history of the Leaning Tower of Pisa 解析：文章第一段就提到“...has proved to be a great success.”，并且下文也是圍繞拯救比薩斜塔進(jìn)行闡述的。 答案：B 2．According to the passage, the Leaning Tower of Pisa ________． A．closed for the straightening work in 1990 B．began to lean more than 800 years ago C．has a history of more than 1，000 years D．has bee vertical 解析：第三段第一句提到比薩斜塔自1173年建立(至今已有800多年的歷史)時(shí)就開(kāi)始傾斜。 答案：B 3．What drove the Italian government to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa? A．The development of new technology. B．The advice of Prof.John Burland. C．The expectation of the rescue mittee. D．The collapse of a tower in Pavia. 解析：文章最后一段提到“The Italian government stepped in after a tower collapsed in Pavia in 1989...”，說(shuō)明正是另一個(gè)地方的塔的倒塌才使政府意識(shí)到拯救比薩斜塔的迫切性，故答案為D。 答案：D 4．What most probably played the most important part in straightening the tower? A．The lead weights fixed to the tower. B．Restoring the stonework. C．Pouring concrete into the foundations. D．Digging earth from the southern side of the tower. 解析：文章第六段提到把lead weights移走后，導(dǎo)致塔又有很大的傾斜，這正說(shuō)明lead weights所起的作用。 答案：A 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．The position of the tower has been restored to what it was 172 years ago. B．Hundreds of years of strain has weakened the towers structure. C．The tower doesnt lean any more after the straightening work finished. D．People spent nine years in discussing about the straightening work. 解析：從第一段第一句“...no longer leans quite so much...”可知C項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符。從第一段最后一句“塔被扶正18英寸后，恢復(fù)到了它1838年時(shí)的位置”，即172年前的樣子，可推知A項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容；從第三段最后一句可知B項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容；從第四段第二句可知D項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。 答案：C