2018-2019年高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 第Ⅳ題 語(yǔ)法填空.doc

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第Ⅳ題　語(yǔ)法填空 [命題特點(diǎn)] 設(shè)置該題型的目的在于考查學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中正確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，以促進(jìn)考生實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的提高?？疾榈闹攸c(diǎn)為：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞和副詞以及介詞、代詞、冠詞和從句。 設(shè)置題型有兩種：一種為無(wú)提示詞，主要考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞；另一種為有提示詞，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)化、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞、副詞級(jí)別。 [方法技巧] (1)根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)填空：每個(gè)空都會(huì)涉及語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，如：形容詞修飾名詞；句與句之間用關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。全面考慮，具體分析，然后確定答案。 (2)根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系填空：如表示因果關(guān)系的詞有thus，therefore，so等。 (3)根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞填空：如表示語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)層次的first，second 等。 (4)根據(jù)固定詞組填空：如by the way，devote...to...等。 (5)根據(jù)固定句型填空：如so...that...，spend time in doing等。 [解題步驟] (1)通讀全文，理解大意。 (2)巧用已知，分析局部結(jié)構(gòu)、句法結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性。 (3)復(fù)讀全文，仔細(xì)核查，語(yǔ)法正確，語(yǔ)意貫通。 Passage 1 As we all know, learning is a process of gaining knowledge. Learning is ones own business, 1.______ cannot rely on others. It is ones lifelong task, which cannot 2.______ (finish) in one move. A successful learner is an 3.______ (independence) one, who has 4.______ a determined will and amazing patience. He will try to discover his own way of learning. Instead of waiting for the help of his teachers and friends, he will make efforts 5.______ (create) favorable conditions on his own strong spirit. It will certainly be 6.________ great help, if there is a good environment, enough books and 7.______ (equip), as well as instructions from his teachers and friends. Even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one cannot be sure to succeed in learning. So the most important factor in learning 8.______ (lie) in ones own effort. To learn is rather 9.______ hard working and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such hardships. Persistent efforts can make up for a lack of talent and 10.______ (able) one to get a great deal of progress in learning. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文講述了如何做一個(gè)成功的學(xué)習(xí)者。 1．解析：本處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用which。 答案：which 2．解析：句意：它是終生的任務(wù)，不能一次被完成。由finish和task之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；結(jié)合cannot可知，應(yīng)填be finished。 答案：be finished 3．解析：本處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填independent。 答案：independent 4．解析：句意：成功的學(xué)習(xí)者既有堅(jiān)定的意志，又有驚人的耐心。both ... and ...“既……又……”。 答案：both 5．解析：make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 答案：to create 6．解析：根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be of help＝be helpful”可知，此處填介詞of。 答案：of 7．解析：本處and連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞。故填equip的名詞形式equipment。 答案：equipment 8．解析：根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；結(jié)合主語(yǔ)factor可知，應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式lies。 答案：lies 9．解析：句意：學(xué)習(xí)是一件需要勤奮和堅(jiān)持不懈的事情。business當(dāng)“事情”講時(shí)，通常用單數(shù)，此處表泛指，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞；hardworking的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。 答案：a 10．解析：句意：堅(jiān)持不懈的努力能夠彌補(bǔ)天賦的缺乏，使人能夠在學(xué)習(xí)方面取得很大的進(jìn)步。本處and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)作make up和enable。 答案：enable Passage 2 I had an 1.______ (interest) experience playing ping-pong last year. I was playing against a fine opponent. When the score was 20 to 20, I placed my bat on the table, 2.______ (thank) my opponent and began to walk away. She called me back and said we had to continue 3.______ one of us won. “Look，” I said, “if we continue, either you or I will win. If you win 4.______ (easy), I will begin to doubt my skill. If I win, you will be unhappy. Isnt it 5.______ (good) to know that we both played well, that we enjoyed the petition, and that we played to an equal score？” This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the persons 6.______ (watch) this contest. It made sense to me to leave with a tie game, an impasse (僵局): no winner, no loser! Our present technology makes 7.______ possible for nations to destroy other nations. In such a nuclear time there can be no winners, only losers. Under these 8.______ (condition), the only choice 9.______ (avoid) global destruction is a global impasse. We cannot destroy this beautiful planet by holding on to 10.______ old understanding of victory. The only victory is in achieving a satisfying impasse. No one wins, but no one loses, either. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文講述了作者的一次乒乓球比賽的經(jīng)歷。當(dāng)對(duì)方要求一定要分出勝負(fù)時(shí)，作者卻覺得平局對(duì)雙方都好。 1．解析：此處需要用形容詞修飾名詞experience。interesting“有趣的”。 答案：interesting 2．解析：句中三個(gè)動(dòng)詞place, thank和begin為并列謂語(yǔ)，都是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 答案：thanked 3．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，她叫我回來(lái)說(shuō)我們應(yīng)該一直打到有人贏為止。 答案：until/till 4．解析：修飾動(dòng)詞win，需用副詞。 答案：easily 5．解析：此處是將平局和有勝負(fù)作比較，應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)。 答案：better 6．解析：persons和watch之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞ing形式。watching this contest作定語(yǔ)，修飾the persons。 答案：watching 7．解析：it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to destroy other nations。 答案：it 8．解析：由these可知此處需要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：conditions 9．解析：choice, determination, decision, effort, right等名詞后的定語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)詞不定式。 答案：to avoid 10．解析：an understanding of sth.意為“對(duì)某物的了解”，且old的讀音以元音音素開頭，故填an。 答案：an Passage 3 What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces 1.______ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can 2.______ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, its all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by 3.______ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six 4.______ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts 5.______ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen 6.______ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. 7.______ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make 8.______ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and 9.______ (grown－up). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building 10.______ (call) the Black Diamond. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文講述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。 1．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為open spaces，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。 答案：where 2．解析：修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“socialize and express their ideas”，應(yīng)用副詞freely。 答案：freely 3．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表特指。 答案：the 4．解析：此處表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。 答案：healthiest 5．解析：步行占交通總量的80%。account for“占(一定數(shù)量或比例)”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 答案：for 6．解析：work trips與carry out之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)可知，空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空處應(yīng)填are carried。 答案：are carried 7．解析：當(dāng)開始上凍的時(shí)候，一些城市廣場(chǎng)就變成了巨大的溜冰場(chǎng)。when/as“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 答案：When/As 8．解析：本處it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是to skate around。 答案：it 9．解析：本處and連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞kids和grown－ups。 答案：grown－ups 10．解析：call與被修飾的名詞building之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 答案：called Passage 4 There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is 1.______ there are seven times more trees than we 2.______ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a 3.______ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three 4.______ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable 5.______ (change) anything. What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet 6.______ half. A good example of this is 7.______ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are 8.______ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毀林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “9.______ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort 10.______ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.” 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中介紹了地球上樹木的現(xiàn)有量。 1．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句成分和句意完整，故用that。 答案：that 2．解析：這里說(shuō)的是“比我們?cè)疽詾榈摹保室靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)。 答案：thought 3．解析：根據(jù)空前的“a”可知此處要用名詞形式。 答案：calculation 4．解析：follow與three之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 答案：followed 5．解析：be (un)able to do sth.意為“(不)能做某事”，是常用表達(dá)。 答案：to change 6．解析：in half意為“減半”。 答案：in 7．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該用定冠詞the特指fact。 答案：the 8．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指人們應(yīng)該為樹木的減少負(fù)責(zé)。be responsible for“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”是固定搭配，故填responsible。 答案：responsible 9．解析：根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾形容詞higher，應(yīng)用副詞形式。 答案：extremely 10．解析：這項(xiàng)研究表明，如果要在世界范圍內(nèi)恢復(fù)健康的森林，那我們需要再做多少努力。主句主語(yǔ)effort與need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！癶ow much more effort”的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故應(yīng)填is needed。此處也可理解為表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故主句可用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 答案：is needed/will be needed Passage 5 For more than six million American children, ing home after school means 1.______(e) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. 2.______ all of them have something in mon. They spend part of each day alone. They 3.______ (call) latchkey children—they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has bee a subject of concern. A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys 4.______(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, 5.______ he slowly learned were house keys. He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having 6.______ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own 7.______(safe)． The most mon way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 8.______ in a closet. The second is TV. Theyll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents dont realize 9.______(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact 10.______ they leave their children alone. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文介紹了美國(guó)“掛鑰匙兒童”這一社會(huì)問題。 1．解析：mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味著”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示放學(xué)回家意味著回到一個(gè)空房子，故填ing。 答案：ing 2．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，一些孩子看電視，一些在外面閑逛。空后又說(shuō)“have something in mon”，故填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But。 答案：But 3．解析：主語(yǔ)They與call之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且根據(jù)“they are”可知，該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)填are called。 答案：are called 4．解析：此處為“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，attach與keys之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填attached。 答案：attached 5．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)且先行詞為keys，指物，故填which。 答案：which 6．解析：have influence on sb.“對(duì)某人有影響”，故填on。 答案：on 7．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，此處指很多孩子做噩夢(mèng)并擔(dān)心自己的安全，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填safety。 答案：safety 8．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，此處指有可能藏在衛(wèi)生間、床底下或壁櫥里。表示選擇，故填or。 答案：or 9．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示電視對(duì)孩子的影響，故填its。 答案：its 10．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，此處指大多數(shù)父母很遲緩地承認(rèn)他們不管孩子這個(gè)事實(shí)；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是同位語(yǔ)從句且不缺成分，故填that。 答案：that Passage 6 At my workplace there arent enough 1.______(opportunity) to be different. We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for 2.______(we) and each other. So, I print 3.______(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc, and post them on a blank space 4.______ Ive found in one of our rooms. I believe they add to our “emotional education”． One person asked me, “Why do you try to help these people? They are not very nice？” My answer 5.______(be), “If it affects one person then its a good thing.” It doesnt matter whether it has an impact 6.______ anyone else. What matters is that Im the 7.______(good) person I can be. I know those 8.______(print) stories and articles are read because they keep getting moved about. So, 9.______(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, 10.______ surface will bee smooth and the messages will get through. How long it takes really doesnt matter. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文為夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們關(guān)愛別人的同時(shí)，也不要忘記關(guān)愛自己。 1．解析：根據(jù)空前的“there arent”可知，there be句型中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：opportunities 2．解析：句意：但有時(shí)我們忘記了關(guān)心自己和互相關(guān)心。空處在句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)表達(dá)相同的意思，故此處使用反身代詞。 答案：ourselves 3．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，所填詞為定語(yǔ)，修飾messages，故用形容詞inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。 答案：inspiring 4．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞a blank space，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用that/which。 答案：that/which 5．解析：根據(jù)上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此處也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 答案：was 6．解析：此處是固定搭配have an impact on ...“對(duì)……有影響”。 答案：on 7．解析：根據(jù)空前的“the”可知，此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，故填best。 答案：best 8．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此作前置定語(yǔ)修飾stories and articles，且print與stories and articles之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 答案：printed 9．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)使用副詞eventually作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。 答案：eventually 10．解析：此處surface為特指，空處填the。 答案：the Passage 7 Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of munication with others. There are many forms of munication, 1.______ include texting, cell phones, email, and social media. 2.______ (use) these alternative forms to municate with others may be faster, 3.______ they lack many qualities that a face-to-face conversation 4.______ (possess)． Facial expression and body language can 5.______ (great) affect a conversation. They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person 6.______ (think) and feeling. Facial expression can 7.______ (apply) to video chatting, but body language can only be found in a face-to-face conversation. Talking in person can have physical 8.______ (feature). Giving someone a hug and holding their hand 9.______ (fort) them can only be done in person. When you are talking to someone by texting or messaging them, physical touch does not exist at all, which can limit the connection 10.______ the people in the munication. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　隨著科技的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代的交流方式多種多樣，但是面對(duì)面交流和肢體語(yǔ)言交流仍是不可替代的交流方式。 1．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為forms of munication，關(guān)系詞作從句的主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：which 2．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞Using。 答案：Using 3．解析：句意：使用這些可替代的交流方式可能會(huì)更快捷，但是它們?nèi)狈γ鎸?duì)面交流所擁有的特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，兩句間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。 答案：but 4．解析：根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該從句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：possesses 5．解析：空處修飾動(dòng)詞affect，故用副詞形式greatly。 答案：greatly 6．解析：根據(jù)該句中的“feeling”和語(yǔ)境可知，面部表情和肢體語(yǔ)言能給人一些他人正在想什么的信息，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 答案：is thinking 7．解析：主語(yǔ)Facial expression和動(dòng)詞apply之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由can可知，應(yīng)填be applied。 答案：be applied 8．解析：根據(jù)下句中的“Giving someone a hug”和“holding their hand”可知，面對(duì)面交談?dòng)袃蓚€(gè)身體特征，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：features 9．解析：根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示擁抱和握手的目的，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。 答案：to fort 10．解析：這里表示“人們之間的聯(lián)系”，應(yīng)用介詞between。 答案：between Passage 8 Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects (缺陷), including me. She did my first two operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and 1.______(effect)． I dont remember the first two operations very well, but I do recall 2.______ third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, 3.______(make) sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know 4.______ a big job she did. Dr.Barone 5.______ (operate) on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them 6.______ free. Many people benefit from her new ways 7.______ (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent 8.______(be) Best Doctors in America 2013－2014, Americas Top Plastic Surgery, and many others. Dr.Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was 9.______(probable) just another patient to her, to me she was 10.______ (much) than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要講述了Barone醫(yī)生治病救人的故事。 1．解析：根據(jù)and前的important可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞effective。 答案：effective 2．解析：序數(shù)詞前一般用定冠詞修飾，表示第幾的概念。 答案：the 3．解析：make和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞let之間沒有連詞，且和句子主語(yǔ)She之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 答案：making 4．解析：what引起的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：what＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，故填what。 答案：what 5．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示經(jīng)常做的事情，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且由句子主語(yǔ)Dr. Barone可知，應(yīng)填operates，與下文的goes和helps呼應(yīng)。 答案：operates 6．解析：for free意為“免費(fèi)”，為固定搭配，故用介詞for。 答案：for 7．解析：invent和句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞benefit之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且空處和其邏輯主語(yǔ)ways之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 答案：invented 8．解析：根據(jù)A few可知，此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，且此處表示客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即are。 答案：are 9．解析：此處應(yīng)用副詞probably在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。 答案：probably 10．解析：由than可知，此處“more than＋n.”意為“不僅僅，不只是”，是固定搭配。故填more。 答案：more Passage 9 A triathlon (三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)) is a sports event which bines three sports, 1.______(typical) running, biking, and swimming. During a triathlon, athletes finish all three sports without stopping 2.______(beat) the clock. People of all ages and sizes can pete in triathlons. But much like other sports events, a lot of professional 3.______(pete) rule the triathlon world. In addition, many triathlons 4.______(hold) to benefit charity, much like marathons. The modern triathlon appeared in California in 5.______ 1970s. It usually begins with the swimming, 6.______(follow) by cycling, and finally running. A triathlon tests the endurance (忍耐力) and speed of an athlete, as well as his or her ability to keep energy and focus 7.______ the race as a whole. A triathlon petes against a clock, rather than against other athletes. A variation of the triathlon is a relay triathlon, 8.______ a different athlete pletes each stage. The swimming stage takes place in a lake or the open ocean. As soon as athletes e out from the water, they change into cycling at the 9.______(fast) speed to save time. After cycling, the athletes change shoes to run. The course is considered plete once the athletes 10.______(cross) the finish line. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)是怎樣的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 1．解析：句意：三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種包含三項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的體育比賽，通常是賽跑、騎自行車和游泳。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞typically“通?！?。 答案：typically 2．解析：句意：在三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)中，為提前完成任務(wù)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要毫不停歇地完成所有的三項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 答案：to beat 3．解析：空處位于形容詞professional后、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞rule前，故要用名詞。再根據(jù)句意“但是就像其他體育賽事一樣，很多專業(yè)的參賽者掌控著三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域”及前面的“a lot of”可知，此處要用表示人的名詞petitor“參賽者”，且要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 答案：petitors 4．解析：此處描述的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；此外，主語(yǔ)many triathlons與hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案：are held 5．解析：句意：現(xiàn)代三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)于20世紀(jì)70年代出現(xiàn)在加利福尼亞。表示“在……世紀(jì)……年代”時(shí)要用定冠詞the，這是固定用法。 答案：the 6．解析：它通常從游泳開始，接著是騎自行車，最后是賽跑。swimming與follow“跟隨”之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 答案：followed 7．解析：focus on是固定詞組，意為“集中注意力或精力于……”。 答案：on 8．解析：句意：三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種變化形式是接力三項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)，在這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)員完成各自的部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞是a relay triathlon，故填where。 答案：where 9．解析：為了節(jié)省時(shí)間，運(yùn)動(dòng)員從水里一出來(lái)就以最快的速度改騎自行車。根據(jù)空前的“the”和空后的“to save time”可看出，此處要填fast的最高級(jí)形式。 答案：fastest 10．解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，選手要在沖過(guò)終點(diǎn)線之后才能算完成比賽。故此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 答案：have crossed Passage 10 Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance 1.______ (see) your friends again. But most exciting of all, the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain it is mon for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new is a mon New Years resolution. Most schools offer different kinds 2.______ hobby classes. Students 3.______ (usual) take them in their free periods or after school. Some classes you have to pay for but some 4.______ (be) free. For example, I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class 5.______ is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum, my parents had to pay for the lessons. The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama lessons. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt 6.______ stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra 7.______ (skill)． I havent continued any of the hobbies I 8.______ (begin) at school. But I have never regretted taking 9.______. My 10.______ (good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英國(guó)的興趣班。英國(guó)的學(xué)生可以參加興趣班，其中有收費(fèi)的，也有免費(fèi)的。在興趣班，你可以認(rèn)識(shí)很多朋友。 1．解析：分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。 答案：to see 2．解析：different kinds of為固定搭配，意為“各種不同種類的”。 答案：of 3．解析：副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故用usual的副詞形式usually。 答案：usually 4．解析：根據(jù)but前的have可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句中的some指some classes，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。 答案：are 5．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為class，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which或that引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：that/which 6．解析：根據(jù)該句中的“than”可以判斷，該句使用“比較級(jí)＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意可知學(xué)生們會(huì)感到更大壓力，故在其前加more。 答案：more 7．解析：根據(jù)空前的many可知，空處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：skills 8．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，begin這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 答案：began 9．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處指代上句的“hobbies”，故填them。 答案：them 10．解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我最好的朋友是在體操班認(rèn)識(shí)的，故用good的最高級(jí)best。 答案：best